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A Bruwer

Publications and source records attributed to A Bruwer.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

In care of patients.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1987

Punctate intranodal gold deposits simulating microcalcifications on mammograms.

Some axillary lymph nodes are frequently seen on mammograms. Rarely, such nodes will demonstrate opacities that appear to be multiple punctate calcific deposits. The literature is of little guidance as to the meaning of this appearance. One report indicates that breast cancers that are manifested as extensive punctate calcifications very rarely occur in this pattern in metastatically involved axillary lymph nodes. The authors suggest that such punctate densities are much more often indicative of intranodal gold deposits and that they occur almost invariably in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have undergone prolonged chrysotherapy. This observation was confirmed in one patient and suspected in three others with similar clinical histories.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

Primary renal calculi: Anderson-Carr-Randall progression?

Although numerous reports deal with the histology of renal medullary calcification, there has been only limited application of radiographic methods for its description. From routine autopsy material, findings on 61 kidneys studied by high resolution radiography are presented and related to those of Randall (1937), Anderson (1945), Carr (1954), and others. Histologically Anderson found microscopic plaques formed from coalesced calcific "droplets" in the pyramids of practically all of 168 kidneys, including some very young infants. Carr, using microradiographic techniques, also found calcific deposits in nearly all of 209 kidneys from patients over 9 years of age. Anderson and Car separately concluded that the calcific deposits they demonstrated could, by migration, form the subepithelial plaques that Randall observed earlier. The present work illustrates some radiologic aspects of renal calcification which seem to support a hypothesis that primary renal calculi result, under certain circumstances, from the migration of calcific deposits from the substance to the surface of renal papillae. In order to emphasize the pathogenetic sequence of the work of the previously mentioned authors, it is proposed that the sequence of events be referred to as the Anderson-Carr-Randall morphologic progression of primary renal calculus formation. Proposals are made for additional experimental work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Recent experience in mammography using Trimax rare-earth system.

Comparison of two substantial series of mammograms has shown that reduction in exposure time from about five seconds to about two seconds, all other factors remaining equal, has made no difference in the true positive rate of diagnostic accuracy. However, the amount of radiation to the breast was reduced. Using rare-earth screen and film combinations allows a further dramatic reduction in the exposure time as well as in the kilovoltage and milli-amperage without any apparent loss in quality. Since the amount of radiation is one important factor, serious consideration must be given to the use of rare-earth screen and film combination for mammography.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoughts after reading Robert Jay Lifton's 'The Nazi Doctors'.

Robert Jay Lifton's remarkable book The Nazi Doctors and its tragic subject matter provided an opportunity to try and place the complicity of doctors in such barbarity in historical perspective. Massive episodes of killing of human beings by other human beings have been an ongoing saga for centuries. Misguided belief and misguided science, and the abuse of constantly advancing technology in the name of one or other nation-state, have made possible the acceleration of megadeath. The Nazi concentration and death camps were a particularly vicious manifestation within the spectrum of killing. Modern weaponry makes omnicide quite feasible. Our urgent need is to learn the lesson and to cultivate and promote planetary patriotism as promptly as possible. Adherence to an international code of human ethics is a compelling requirement. The origin of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863 was an inspiring and promising beginning. The formulation of the Declaration of Geneva by the World Medical Association in 1947 profoundly enhanced the value of the Hippocratic Oath and provides a sound ethical basis for the national and international guidance of the medical profession today. The International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War establishes another firm step in the right direction.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The United States and biological warfare: secrets from the early cold war and Korea.

The United States and Biological Warfare is about accusations that the United States resorted to bacteriological warfare at a time of great military stress during the Korean War. In December 1951, the then US Secretary of Defense ordered early readiness for offensive use of biological weapons. Soon afterwards, the North Korean and Chinese armies accused the United States of starting a large-scale biological warfare experiment in Korea. The US State Department denied the accusation. Both parties to the dispute maintain their positions today. The authors spent 20 years researching the accusations in North America, Europe and Japan. They were the first foreigners to be given access to Chinese classified documents. The reader is also introduced to the concept of 'plausible denial', an official US policy which allowed responsible governmental representatives to deny knowledge of certain events. The authors hope that their work will contribute to the understanding of a time when modern war expanded into a new type of violence.

Biological Warfare↗