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PubMed1996

Urinary tract infection--prenatal diagnosis and neonatal follow-up by ultrasound.

US screening in pregnancy is the most useful and reliable examination for prenatal diagnosis. It permits the identification of a larger proportion of urinary tract malformations (UTM). The present study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic accuracy of antenatal US in risk population. The authors report 18 cases of fetal urinary abnormalities revealed by US. In 17 infants the prenatal diagnosis was confirmed precisely revealing: hydronephrosis-2 cases, VUR III-V degree--5 cases, multicystic kidney--3 cases, megacyst--3 cases, posterior urethral valves and VUR-2 cases and polycystic disease--2 cases. A false positive diagnosis in utero occurred in one case. There were no false negative diagnoses. US is a valuable tool in antenatal diagnosis of UTM.

Female↗

PubMed1994

Renal function in preterm neonates.

The plasma creatinine concentration is elevated at birth and decreases concomitantly with the rapid increase in glomerular filtration rate that occurs in the first postnatal weeks. The velocity of these changes was assessed during the first 3 wk of life of 66 term and preterm infants. The plasma creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance, and sodium fractional excretion were measured serially at weekly intervals, starting 1-4 d after birth [mean = 1.5 +/- 0.8 (SD) d]. Premature infants were separated into three groups according to their birth weight: group 1, 1001 to 1500 g; group 2, 1501 to 2000 g; and group 3, 2001 to 2500 g. Group 4 included 28 term infants (mean birth weight = 3165 +/- 78 g). Mean gestational ages in the preterm groups were 31.3, 32.8, and 34.4 wk in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The plasma creatinine concentration on d 1.5 was significantly higher in preterm (91 +/- 4 mumol/L) compared with term infants (66 +/- 3 mumol/L). The differences in plasma creatinine were still present during the second week of life, with values of 64 +/- 5, 58 +/- 7, 47 +/- 8, and 40 +/- 4 mumol/L in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The difference vanished by d 22-23. On d 1.5, creatinine clearance correlated positively with gestational age, amounting to 0.65 +/- 0.14, 0.92 +/- 0.19, 1.42 +/- 0.31, and 3.36 +/- 0.32 mL/min in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Creatinine clearance increased rapidly with postnatal age, the velocity of the maturation being less marked in the most premature infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗