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Biomedical subjects

A Buscaroli

Publications and source records attributed to A Buscaroli.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Flow cytometry evaluation of urinary sediment in renal transplantation.

The value of exfoliative urinary cytology for the diagnosis of different pathological conditions in renal transplantation is widely recognized. The method, however, has not yet gained full acceptance, mainly because identification of the different cells is not always possible by means of standard staining techniques. In view of its characteristics, flow cytometry (FC) seems to represent a consistently reliable, rapid and innovative approach for differentialing the various cells present in the urinary sediment and assessing their number. This study gives the examination result of 223 urinary specimens from 127 transplanted patients selected according to pathology. Sediment cells, collected from fresh urine samples, were washed, treated with a lysing solution, resuspended in saline solution and directly analysed in a FACSCAN cytometer. Morphological evaluation showed: a small number of cells in patients with stable renal function; a larger number of cells, with predominance of lymphocytes, during acute rejection episodes; an absolute predominance of neutrophils during bacterial infection; large-sized cellular debris in cases of post-transplant tubular necrosis; and small cell debris in cases of cyclosporine cytotoxicity. Lymphocyte surface-marker evaluation made it possible to differentiate lymphocyte populations observed during acute rejection episodes (cytotoxic T-cell, CD8 and HLA class II and NK cells) from those detected during bacterial infection (T-cell CD4 positive). These results suggest that urinary FC may be a reliable diagnostic tool in clinical renal transplantation.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Application of flow cytometry in clinical renal transplantation.

Flow cytometry (FC) may be considered as a fundamental technique in studying cell biology and pathology. It combines the quantitative character of biochemical methods with the multiparametric capacities of microscope analysis in a high-precision process for rapid analysis of individual cell characteristics. Three original FC techniques routinely applied in the field of renal transplantation are reported in the present study. They concern the donor-recipient cross-match test, the morphological analysis of urinary sediment and the modulation of the density of various membrane antigens on the lymphocyte surface. A common factor underlies all these methods: they aim to provide the physician with a reliable diagnostic tool in clinical renal transplantation.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1991

Validity of flow cytometry for cross-match evaluation in clinical renal transplantation.

This paper reports a 2-year experience of more than 5,000 cross-match tests for renal transplantation. Tests were performed by means of both standard light microscopy and an innovatory method based on flow cytometry, an up-to-date investigative technique for computerized analysis of individual cell characteristics. Flow cytometry allowed a better detection of weak positive reactions (false-negative cross-matches) than light microscopy, thus reducing the risk of selecting candidates with donor presensitization. Transplant clinical outcome supported the value of this original and advanced technological method.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Cellular immunology in regular dialysis: a biological model for biocompatibility evaluation.

Cellular immunity represents an interesting biological model for biocompatibility evaluation of artificial materials owing to its sensitivity to contact with the external environment and its capability of modulating response reactions to foreign agents. Advanced methodologies such as flow cytometry and the immunoenzyme techniques in particular have given new insights into lymphocyte structure and functions, enabling analysis of the in vivo modification of these cells. By means of these sophisticated techniques we investigated lymphocyte activation and proliferation during one single haemodialysis session. Findings clearly show that increases in HLA antigen density (class I and II), DNA synthesis, and interleukin-2 receptor serum concentration (Il-2R) take place during the dialysis procedure, and reach their maximum during the first hour of extracorporeal circulation. The relationship between dialysis procedure and cellular immunity appears noticeable and is of potential value in the evaluation and quantification of the biocompatibility of different dialysis membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein in hemodialysis patients.

Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by nephelometry in 30 healthy subjects (controls) and in 99 patients with uncomplicated terminal uremia on conservative therapy (group 1, n = 30) or chronic hemodialysis (group 2, n = 69). Whereas there was no difference between controls and group 1, both the mean concentration of CRP and the incidence of elevated levels were significantly higher in group 2 in comparison with both controls and group 1. Moreover, the degree of increase in these patients was directly correlated with the duration of hemodialysis. The abnormality, therefore, is somehow related to chronic hemodialysis per se. From a practical standpoint, we concluded that this test cannot be recommended as an acute-phase reactant in this clinical setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Optimization of heparin anticoagulation during membrane plasma separation.

This study analyses 75 membrane plasma exchanges carried out in 18 patients where various amounts of heparin were used to define the heparin kinetic during plasma exchange and the appropriate anticoagulation. A specific assay was employed to measure heparin concentration. Our results showed that: 1) the heparin distribution volume exceeded the expected value by 10 to 25%; 2) the drug is filtered with a sieving coefficient = 1; 3) the appropriate concentration range is within 0.2 and 0.5 Ul/ml.; 4) the heparin blood levels strictly correlate with a PTT (p less than 0.001); 5) the individual need for heparin is related to the patient Hct (p less than 0.001) and plasma flow (p less than 0.001). Simple guidelines are provided to determine the appropriate heparin dosage in single patients.

Heparin↗
PubMed1984

[Radiological evaluation of the state of hydration in uremic patients under periodic dialysis].

Seventy-four uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis were studied by X-ray of the thorax before and after the same dialysis. Radiological signs and variables (originally proposed by Milne) related to hemodynamics of pulmonary and systemic circulation were evaluated in relation to fluid subtraction. The study demonstrated the high sensitivity and the clinical value of thoracic radiography in the follow-up of these patients and particularly in the evaluation of fluid overload.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effects of renal substitutive programs on amino acid patterns in chronic uremia.

Abnormalities in the amino acid patterns are a constant finding in chronic renal failure and can be regarded as one of the typical biochemical alterations of uremia. This paper evaluates the long-term effects of various artificial substitutive treatments and renal transplantation on plasma and tissue amino acid patterns in chronically uremic patients. Fifty-three patients were included in the study: 35 on artificial treatments (9 on hemodialysis, 9 on hemofiltration, 4 on hemoperfusion, 6 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and 7 on intermittent peritoneal dialysis) and 18 with well-functioning renal transplants. Complete plasma aminograms were performed in all patients before starting the treatment, and repeated every 3 months up to 1 year (artificial therapies) and 3 years (renal transplantation). The amino acid composition of the bone was also determined in 8 dialysis patients and 9 transplant patients. None of the artificial therapies was associated with normal plasma patterns either in the short- or in the long-term, whereas successful renal transplantation led to normalization of the plasma profile within 2 to 4 months in all patients. However, bone amino acid composition remained altered both in artificially treated and in transplanted patients.

Adolescent↗