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Biomedical subjects

A C Arntzenius

Publications and source records attributed to A C Arntzenius.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Progression and regression of atherosclerosis, what roles for LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol: a perspective.

Numerous observational and intervention studies have shown that total (and LDL) cholesterol levels correlate positively with progression of atherosclerosis. It has also been shown that a mean low HDL cholesterol level is a potent predictor of CHD (coronary heart disease) in populations in which atherosclerotic diseases are prevalent. Recently, studies based on repeat angiographic examination, which are reviewed here, have shed new insight on the different roles that total cholesterol (or LDL) and HDL-cholesterol play on progression and regression of coronary atherosclerosis, respectively. From an epidemiological viewpoint, based on observational as well as intervention studies, the theory emerges that progression correlates best with total (and LDL-) cholesterol and that regression correlates best with HDL-cholesterol. The working hypothesis, if confirmed, will have practical implications for primary and secondary preventive measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Regression of atherosclerosis.

The reverse of progression of atherosclerotic disease is regression of atherosclerosis: established lesions get smaller. Animal experiments and post mortem findings have provided investigators with considerable evidence of the reversibility of atherosclerosis. It was, however, with arteriography in living man, as used in prospective intervention trials, that proof was given that atherosclerosis can be made to regress. The Leiden Intervention Trial and the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) both have shown that with aggressive lowering of serum cholesterol, be it with diet alone or with diet and cholesterol-lowering drugs, atherosclerosis growth can be retarded and reversed. The Leiden Intervention Trial and the CLAS study stress that cholesterol levels should be lowered in angina pectoris patients and in bypassed patients, whether their cholesterol levels are high or just slightly elevated.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Progression and regression of human coronary atherosclerosis. The role of lipoproteins, lipases and thyroid hormones in coronary lesion growth.

Relations between lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipase activities, thyroid hormones and coronary lesion growth were studied among 35 male patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, who had participated in the lipid lowering, dietary Leiden Intervention Trial. Coronary arteriographies were performed at the beginning of the study and 2 years later at termination. The coronary anatomy was quantitated with a computer-based analysis system to assess the progression rate of coronary atherosclerosis on the basis of the absolute arterial dimensions in a patient's coronary tree; for these purposes an absolute coronary score was computed. On the basis of the absolute coronary scores, the entire group of patients could be divided into a no lesion growth group (14 patients) and a progression group (21 patients). Lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipases and thyroid hormones were determined at the end of the trial. No significant difference was found between the no lesion growth and progression groups of patients for total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). The VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) and HDL-C was almost significantly lower (P less than 0.10) in the progression group. Hepatic lipase (HL) values were significantly higher in the no lesion growth group, as compared to the progression group, whereas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) values were not significantly different. Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the progression group. Multivariate regression analysis showed HL to be the most important determinant of changes in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. T3 and HDL were also independently inversely related to coronary atherosclerotic lesion growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of a linoleic acid-enriched diet, changes in body weight and alcohol consumption on serum total and HDL-cholesterol.

Investigations on diet, body weight, and lipoproteins were carried out in 28 patients with stable angina pectoris. They consumed a linoleic acid-enriched diet (P/S ratio = 2) for a period of 2 years. The total fat content remained constant before and during intervention, contributing 34% to energy intake. During intervention serum total cholesterol and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly, but HDL cholesterol did not change. Changes in body weight were significantly inversely related to changes in HDL cholesterol and positively to the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Changes in alcohol intake were significantly positively related to both total and HDL cholesterol but unrelated to the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. From the results of this long-term study it can be concluded that a moderate fat diet with a P/S ratio of 2 can lower total cholesterol effectively without affecting HDL cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diet and the role of lipoproteins, lipases, and thyroid hormones in coronary lesion growth.

Relationships between lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipase activities, thyroid hormones, and coronary lesion growth were studied among 35 male patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, who had participated in the Leiden Intervention Trial, a lipid-lowering dietary intervention program. Coronary arteriography was performed at the beginning of the study and again 2 years later at its termination. The lesions were quantified using a computer-based analysis system to assess the progression rate of coronary lesions based on absolute arterial dimensions in a patient's coronary tree. For this reason an absolute coronary score was computed. Based on absolute coronary scores, patients could be divided into a no-lesion growth group (14 patients) and a progression group (21 patients). Lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipases, and thyroid hormones were determined at the end of the trial. No significant differences were found between the no-lesion growth and progression groups for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In the progression group very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was almost significantly lower (p = 0.058). Hepatic lipase (HL) values were significantly higher in the no-lesion growth group, when compared with the progression group, whereas lipoprotein lipase (LPL) values were not significantly different. Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the progression group. Multivariate regression analysis showed HL to be the most important determinant of changes in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. T3 and HDL cholesterol were also independently inversely related to coronary lesion growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diet, lipoproteins and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention Trial.

The relationship between diet, serum lipoproteins, and the progression of coronary lesions was studied in 39 patients with stable angina pectoris in whom coronary arteriography had shown at least 1 vessel with 50% obstruction before intervention. Intervention consisted of a 2-year vegetarian diet that had a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids of at least 2.0, and that contained less than 100mg of cholesterol per day. Dietary changes were associated with a significant increase in linoleic acid content of cholesterol esters and a significant lowering of bodyweight, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein (total/HDL) cholesterol. Angiographic examination was performed after 24 months; angiograms were assessed visually (with blinding) and by computer-assisted image analysis. Both types of assessment indicated progression of disease in 21 of 39 patients but no lesion growth in 18. Coronary lesion growth correlated with total/HDL cholesterol (r = 0.50, p = 0.001) but not with blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol intake, weight, or drug treatment. Disease progression was significant in patients who had values for total/HDL cholesterol that were higher than the median (greater than 6.9) throughout the trial period. No coronary lesion growth was observed in patients who had lower values for total/HDL cholesterol (less than 6.9) throughout the trial or who initially had higher values (greater than 6.9) that were significantly lowered by dietary intervention.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1985

Diet, lipoproteins, and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Leiden Intervention Trial.

We studied the relation between diet, serum lipoproteins, and the progression of coronary lesions in 39 patients with stable angina pectoris in whom coronary arteriography had shown at least one vessel with 50 per cent obstruction before intervention. Intervention consisted of a two-year vegetarian diet that had a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids of at least 2 and that contained less than 100 mg of cholesterol per day. Dietary changes were associated with a significant increase in linoleic acid content of cholesteryl esters and a significant lowering of body weight, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (total/HDL) cholesterol. Angiographic examination was performed after 24 months; angiograms were assessed visually (with blinding) and by computer-assisted image analysis. Both types of assessment indicated progression of disease in 21 of 39 patients but no lesion growth in 18. Coronary lesion growth correlated with total/HDL cholesterol (r = 0.50, P = 0.001) but not with blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol intake, weight, or drug treatment. Disease progression was significant in patients who had values for total/HDL cholesterol that were higher than the median (greater than 6.9) throughout the trial period. No coronary-lesion growth was observed in patients who had lower values for total/HDL cholesterol (less than 6.9) throughout the trial or who initially had higher values (greater than 6.9) that were significantly lowered by dietary intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of the conical cuff and the standard rectangular cuffs.

In this study the applicability of the conical cuff in the measurement of arterial blood pressure in the general population was investigated. A wide range of arm circumferences was used for non-invasive comparative measurements of brachial artery pressures, using the standard rectangular sphygmomanometer cuffs and a recently developed conical cuff. In previous studies the conical cuff proved to reflect arterial blood pressure more accurately in obese patients than the standard rectangular cuffs. With the conical cuff lower systolic and diastolic pressure readings were obtained than with the rectangular cuffs and this proved to be independent of arm circumference. The lower pressure results in obese individuals were probably related to the fact that the conical cuff generally was found to fit better on larger upper arms than the large rectangular cuff. We conclude that in all likelihood blood pressure is more accurately measured in obese people with the use of a conical cuff and therefore warrants further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A cross sectional echocardiographic study.

The progression of hypertrophy was studied in 39 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by echocardiography at follow up from January 1979 to September 1983 (mean follow up 42 months). Thirty two patients were treated medically and 11 had had a septal myotomy-myectomy. Progression of the hypertrophy was noted in four patients treated with propranolol. An additional region in the left ventricular long axis plane was affected in two, extending to the apical region in one and to the basal region in the other, and an additional segment in the left ventricular short axis plane in two extending from the septum into the free wall. The electrocardiograms of these four patients showed a significant increase in QRS voltages (Sokolow-Lyon index increase greater than 10 mm) and of the Romhilt-Estes score (increase greater than or equal to 3 points) in two, development of a left bundle branch block in one, and no change in one. Progression of hypertrophy was seen in none of the 11 patients treated with myotomy-myectomy. Thus echocardiography accurately detects the progression of hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which may be prevented by septal myotomy-myectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Reference ranges of echocardiographic measurements in the Dutch population.

Reference ranges for echocardiographic measurements were determined in 609 healthy Dutch subjects, using height, weight, age, sex, RR-interval and blood pressure (in adults only) as determinants. End-systolic as well as end-diastolic measurements of the aortic root as well as left ventricular inner diameter, posterior and septal thickness were taken, as was the left atrial end-systolic diameter. Multiple linear regression was performed of the form: M = A.(age)B.(height)C.(weight)D.(RR-interval)E.(sex)F. The residuals were calculated in order to determine the percentile limits by means of linear interpolation. Sex and weight were significant determinants in all the echocardiographic parameters studied. The results were presented twofold, with a simple version for males and females separately, using only weight as a determinant and allowing graphical presentation, and secondly a complex version taking into account all determinants, which can only be solved with help of a calculator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Shoshin beriberi: a rare diagnostic problem.

A 30 year old man with a 15 year history of alcohol abuse presented with symptoms and signs of circulatory shock, severe disturbances of renal and liver functions, and metabolic acidosis. The cardiovascular and metabolic features were attributable to Shoshin beriberi. He recovered completely after treatment with thiamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in 32-33-year-old women on steroid contraceptives-differences between two frequently used low-estrogen pills.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels were measured in about one thousand 32-33-year-old women taking part in a cardiovascular screening programme. After corrections for differences in smoking habits and use of alcoholic drinks women on various types of steroid contraceptives had widely different levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. Lowest levels were found in users of lynestrenol-containing minipills (progestagen-only pills) and highest levels in lynestrenol-containing minipills. Of the two commonly used low-estrogen pills ("sub-50 pills") one type (containing levonorgestrel) was associated with elevated and the other (containing lynestrenol) with depressed levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I as compared with the reference group of non-users of oral contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Relations between ejection fraction and ventricular volume, and their alteration by chronic beta-blockade.

This study describes the newly discovered relation between ejection fraction and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) of the left ventricle as obtained by angiography at the time of cardiac catheterisation. Linear regression analysis shows that ejection fraction (%)=82.0-0.62 ESVI (ml/m2) but the correlation for patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking drugs is significantly lower compared with the untreated group. Non-linear analysis, applied to cover also the asymptotic range for ejection fraction less than 20%, shows similar results. The good relation between the two indices indicates that the index ejection fraction may derive its clinical importance directly from the more fundamental index end-systolic volume index by virtue of the operation of the beta-adrenergic system on the heart.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗