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Biomedical subjects

A C Scott

Publications and source records attributed to A C Scott.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ciprofloxacin in plasma and peritoneal dialysate after oral therapy in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin offers the possibility of effective oral treatment of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) if a sufficiently high concentration is attained in peritoneal dialysate. The pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin have been studied in ten CAPD patients given 250 mg qds for two days. Five patients were being treated for peritonitis with gentamicin and cefuroxime; the remaining five were receiving inpatient training for CAPD or were being treated for other problems. Ciprofloxacin concentration in plasma and in dialysate were determined by HPLC. There were not differences in plasma and dialysate kinetics in patients with and without peritonitis. Plasma levels were higher and the elimination half-life was longer than those reported for healthy subjects. Dialysate and plasma levels were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.87, P = 0.001), with dialysate levels consistently lower than plasma levels. Dialysate levels exceeded 1 mg/l in seven patients. The mean peak dialysate level (2.17 +/- 1.63 mg/l) exceeded the MIC of ciprofloxacin for 32 of 34 bacterial strains responsible for peritonitis. Ciprofloxacin shows promise as a useful oral treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

An open study of Timentin for the initial treatment of serious infections.

Fifty patients were treated for suspected serious bacterial infection with Timentin 3.2 g 6-8-hourly. Three patients did not complete a minimum of 48 h treatment. Pathogens were isolated from 28 of the remaining 47 patients; 13 were resistant to ticarcillin but fully sensitive to Timentin; six of these isolates were Staphylococcus aureus. Five of the patients with Timentin-sensitive organisms or no significant growth failed to respond or relapsed after Timentin but also failed on subsequent therapy. An additional patient relapsed because of inadequate duration of treatment and one patient, with salmonella enteritis, became an asymptomatic carrier. The Timentin-resistant organisms were a Pseudomonas aeruginosa which responded to ceftazidime, a Klebsiella pneumoniae which was of doubtful clinical significance and an Escherichia coli which caused a relapse of pyelonephritis 16 days after apparently successful treatment with Timentin. No serious adverse reactions were seen. Timentin was effective against ticarcillin-resistant organisms but its final role will depend on the prevalence and significance of in-vitro resistance to the combination amongst Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Transient fluorescence in synchronously dividing Escherichia coli.

Using a spectrometer equipped with an optical multichannel analyzer as the detector, we observed the Stokes laser-Raman spectra of metabolically synchronous Escherichia coli from 100 to 2100 cm-1. After more than 400 separate recordings, at cell concentrations of 10(7)-10(8) per ml, no Raman lines attributable to the metabolic process nor to the cells themselves were found. However, we did find that synchronous E. coli cultures become more fluorescent during a limited phase of the division cycle. This transient increase in fluorescence may be ascribed to a variation in the redox state of a chemical species within the bacteria or to a variation of the intracellular optical field. The effect is reproducible in synchronous cultures and it is not seen in asynchronous ones. The results suggest that spectral features seen in previous laser-Raman spectra of synchronous bacteria (taken with scanning monochromators) are due to a time-dependent variation in bacterial fluorescence.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1985

The treatment advice of a computer-based cancer chemotherapy protocol advisor.

ONCOCIN is a chemotherapy protocol advisor used experimentally in a university oncology clinic. The program combines formal protocol guidelines with judgments of oncologists who have experience adjusting therapy in complex clinical situations. We compared the chemotherapy administered by clinic physicians with the treatment that would have been recommended by ONCOCIN in 415 visits for 39 patients with lymphoma seen before the program's introduction. In 189 visits the program agreed with the therapy actually administered. In a blinded evaluation, four experts on lymphoma failed to find a significant difference between the treatments selected by physicians and those proposed by ONCOCIN. Further analyses showed that ONCOCIN tended to attenuate drug doses or delay treatment more than the experts recommended, whereas the physicians were less likely to attenuate doses to the extent the experts suggested. Our results show that ONCOCIN provides advice on lymphoma treatment similar to the treatment provided in a university oncology clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Examination of the correlation of groupings in blood and semen.

The grouping of blood/saliva samples from a male so as to predict his semen groups is only justified if there is a strict correlation between the groupings in these body fluids. This correlation has been examined in the ABO, phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) and glyoxalase I (GLO) grouping systems in blood and semen samples collected from more than 250 individuals. Though no results proved inconsistent with this correlation, a number of semen gave inconclusive grouping results. Reasons for this are discussed as well as the relevance of the results to semen stain analysis. Semen amylase activities are also reported.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of ELISA and electron microscopy for the detection of coronavirus and rotavirus in bovine faeces.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with electron microscopy in the examination of faeces from experimental calves and showed 100 per cent agreement in the detection of 19 bovine coronavirus and 15 bovine rotavirus electron microscope positive samples. In a limited field survey of calf diarrhoea 75 selected faeces were examined independently by ELISA and electron microscopy and the agreement between the two tests was 95 per cent for coronavirus and 84 per cent for rotavirus. A further comparison was made with 74 samples submitted for routine diagnosis and this yielded agreements of 82 per cent (coronavirus) and 89 per cent (rotavirus). Factors contributing to discrepant results were examined and the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two tests for routine detection of these enteric viruses are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The production of F41 fimbriae by piglet strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that lack K88, K99 and 987P fimbriae.

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains 1676, 1706, 1751 and KEC96a, which do not produce fimbrial adhesive antigens of the K88, K99 or 987P antigen type reacted both in vitro and in vivo with antiserum to F41 fimbriae in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Antiserum used to demonstrate material B, an adhesive antigen thought to mediate the adhesive and mannose-resistant (MR) haemagglutinating properties of E. coli strains 1676, 1706 and 1751, reacted in vitro with an F41+ strain. The antiserum also inhibited the MR haemagglutinating activity of F41 antigen and gave an anionic precipitation line in immunoelectrophoresis experiments with an extract containing F41 antigen. The MR haemagglutinating properties of an antigen extract containing material B from E. coli strain 1706 was neutralized by antiserum to F41 fimbriae and by OK antisera to E. coli strains that produce both F41 and K99 fimbriae. These sera also gave an anionic precipitation line with the MR haemagglutinin from E. coli strain 1706 and the MR haemagglutinin gave a line of identity with F41 in gel diffusion experiments with antiserum to F41 fimbriae. OK antisera to K99+ F41- bacteria and OK antisera to K88+ bacteria and 987P+ bacteria did not react with this haemagglutinin. Transmission electron microscopy on the ileum of newborn gnotobiotic piglets infected with E. coli strain 1706 showed irregular, poorly defined filamentous material surrounding some,though not all, bacteria but regular fimbrial structures were not visible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Adhesive properties associated with the Vir plasmid: a transmissible pathogenic characteristic associated with strains of invasive Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli strain S5 (O15:K+:H21) isolated from a septicaemic lamb and previously shown to possess a virulence plasmid, Vir, attached in vitro to calf epithelial tissue from the ileum, oesophagus and trachea in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) D-mannose. The Vir+ recombinant strains 711v and H209av, which had received the Vir plasmid(s) from strain S5, also attached to these epithelia but the parent strains 711 and H209a without the Vir plasmid were non-adhesive. The attachment of the Vir+ strain 711v to intestinal brush borders was inhibited by antiserum to live Vir+ strain H209av but not by antiserum to strain H209a lacking Vir. No adherence occurred with Vir+ organisms grown at 18 degrees C or after heating at 65 degrees C. Adhesion was unaffected by 0.5% (w/v) formaldehyde. Glucosamine, mannosamine, their N-acetyl derivatives and wheat germ lectin each inhibited attachment of Vir+ strain 711v to brush border epithelia.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Adhesion in vitro and in vivo associated with an adhesive antigen (F41) produced by a K99 mutant of the reference strain Escherichia coli B41.

A K99-negative mutant of the K99 reference strain Escherichia coli B41 (O101:K99) was isolated (strain B41M). It did not react with OK antiserum to a K12 K99+ recombinant or with OK antiserum to K99-positive organisms from the O8, O20, or O64 serogroups, but it did react with OK antiserum to K99-positive organisms from the O101 and O9 serogroups. The mutant hemagglutinated sheep erythrocytes and attached in vitro to calf enterocytes when cultured at 37 degrees C but not when grown at 18 degrees C. Attachment was mannose resistant but susceptible to heating and formaldehyde. These properties were associated with the presence of fimbriae. The isolated hemagglutinin migrated to the anode in immunoelectrophoresis experiments, competitively inhibited attachment of strain B41M to calf enterocytes, and could be demonstrated adhering to these cells in vitro by indirect immunofluorescent staining. The anionic hemagglutinin is referred to provisionally as F41. Germfree piglets infected with strain B41M developed diarrhea within 16 h. Scanning electron microscopy showed groups of bacteria adherent to the microvilli of villous enterocytes. Indirect immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the presence of F41 antigen in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Discrimination by multiple typing of isolates of Shigella sonnei in Dundee (1971-6).

Different strains of Shigella sonnei present in Dundee from 1971 to 1976 were identified by a "multiple typing' method in which resistotyping, used as the main method of differentiation, was supplemented by colicine typing, antibiogram testing and biotyping. At least 19 different "multiple types' (MTs) were identified by combining information from the four typing techniques. The relation of the different types and their possible derivation from each other are discussed. The practical value of multiple typing was demonstrated in a study of 247 isolates, of three distinct MTs, recovered from 178 persons involved in an extended outbreak centred primarily on day nurseries. A few episodes that yielded isolates of different resistotypes were analysed to determine whether the cultures were: isolates of the same strain different in resistotype as a result of in vivo or in vitro variation of resistotype characters, or isolates of distinct strains of different resistotypes. The multiple typing approach clarified the way in which different MTs emerged, persisted, disappeared or co-existed in the community during the 6 years of the study.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Properties of a cell-wall-defective variant of Brucella abortus of bovine origin.

The properties of an atypical Brucella strain isolated from lymph node tissue of a cow slaughtered as a brucellosis reactor were examined. The organism was Gram negative and highly pleomorphic, existing as cocci, coccobacilli, rods, branched and irregular forms which stained with fluorescent antibody conjugates prepared against rough and smooth Brucella abortus strains. It produced lecithinase and required at least 15% v/v equine or bovine serum for growth. It did not need supplementary CO2 for growth, produced H2S and was inhibited by brucella dyes and partially by i-erythritol. Growth inhibition or lysis was produced by brucella-phages. The organism was not pathogenic for guinea-pigs or mice but evoked antibodies mainly to rough Brucella antigens.

Animals↗