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A C Stone

Publications and source records attributed to A C Stone.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the presumptive remains of Jesse James.

We report here the results of mtDNA analysis of remains exhumed in July, 1995 from Mt. Olivet Cemetery in Kearney, Nebraska, that are thought to be those of Jesse James. The remains were poorly preserved, presumably due to wet and slightly acidic soil conditions, and insufficient DNA for analysis was obtained from two bone samples. However, two of four teeth, and two hairs recovered in 1978 from the original burial site on the James Farm, did yield reproducible mtDNA sequences. These mtDNA sequences from the teeth and hairs were all identical, suggesting that they came from the same individual; furthermore, this mtDNA sequence was identical to mtDNA sequences determined from blood samples from two maternal relatives of Jesse James. Therefore, either the remains are indeed those of Jesse James, or they are from an unrelated individual who, by chance, happens to have the same mtDNA sequence. To assess the probability that an unrelated individual would have the same sequence, we searched the forensic mtDNA database, and found that this sequence does not appear among the 2426 mtDNA sequences therein. Hence, the mtDNA analysis supports the identification of the exhumed remains from Mt. Olivet Cemetery as those of Jesse James.

Crime↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of ancient DNA from a prehistoric Amerindian cemetery.

The Norris Farms No. 36 cemetery in central Illinois has been the subject of considerable archaeological and genetic research. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA have been examined in this 700-year-old population. DNA preservation at the site was good, with about 70% of the samples producing mtDNA results and approximately 15% yielding nuclear DNA data. All four of the major Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were found, in addition to a fifth haplogroup. Sequences of the first hypervariable region of the mtDNA control region revealed a high level of diversity in the Norris Farms population and confirmed that the fifth haplogroup associates with Mongolian sequences and hence is probably authentic. Other than a possible reduction in the number of rare mtDNA lineages in many populations, it does not appear as if European contact significantly altered patterns of Amerindian mtDNA variation, despite the large decrease in population size that occurred. For nuclear DNA analysis, a novel method for DNA-based sex identification that uses nucleotide differences between the X and Y copies of the amelogenin gene was developed and applied successfully in approximately 20 individuals. Despite the well-known problems of poor DNA preservation and the ever-present possibility of contamination with modern DNA, genetic analysis of the Norris Farms No. 36 population demonstrates that ancient DNA can be a fruitful source of new insights into prehistoric populations.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1998

mtDNA analysis of a prehistoric Oneota population: implications for the peopling of the New World.

mtDNA was successfully extracted from 108 individuals from the Norris Farms Oneota, a prehistoric Native American population, to compare the mtDNA diversity from a pre-Columbian population with contemporary Native American and Asian mtDNA lineages and to examine hypotheses about the peopling of the New World. Haplogroup and hypervariable region I sequence data indicate that the lineages from haplogroups A, B, C, and D are the most common among Native Americans but that they were not the only lineages brought into the New World from Asia. The mtDNA evidence does not support the three-wave hypothesis of migration into the New World but rather suggests a single "wave" of people with considerable mtDNA diversity that exhibits a signature of expansion 23,000-37,000 years ago.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMed1996

Sex determination of ancient human skeletons using DNA.

A method for determining the sex of human skeletons was developed using molecular genetic techniques. The amelogenin gene, found on the X and Y chromosomes, was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a nonradioactive dot blot procedure. DNA was analyzed from 20 modern individuals of known sex and 20 skeletons from an archaeological site in central Illinois dating to A.D. 1300. An independent assessment of the sex of each skeleton was made according to standard osteological methods. The sex of 19 ancient and 20 modern individuals was accurately determined using this molecular genetic technique. Molecular sex determination will be especially useful for juvenile and fragmentary remains when it is difficult, or impossible, to establish an individual's sex from morphological features.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1995

Nutrient run-off following application of livestock wastes to grassland.

Three types of farm waste (cattle slurry, dirty water and farm yard manure (FYM)) were applied to hydrologically isolated grassland plots on a sloping poorly draining soil. Two applications were made, the first in October and the second in February. Application rates were 50 m(3) ha(-1) of slurry and dirty water and 50 t ha(-1) of FYM. Volumes of run-off following rainfall events and concentrations of N, P and K in run-off were measured. Losses of nutrients were higher following applications made with the soil at field capacity and rainfall soon after application. In terms of percentage loss of applied nutrients, losses were generally low. Concentration of N in run-off from the dirty water and FYM treated plots following the first application and the slurry treated plots following the second application exceeded 11.3 mg dm(-3) (a recommended limit for drinking water) although the maximum concentration recorded was 15 mg dm(-3) following FYM application. Concentration of P in run-off only exceeded 1 mg dm(-3) following the second application of cattle slurry. Concentration of K exceeded 10 mg dm(-3) following the first application of FYM and the second application of cattle slurry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Ancient DNA from a pre-Columbian Amerindian population.

Ancient DNA was obtained from skeletal remains from the Norris Farms #36 cemetery, a pre-Columbian archeological site in central Illinois that dates to A.D. 1300. Four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were analyzed that delineate the four primary mtDNA lineages found in contemporary Amerindian populations. mtDNA types were determined for 50 individuals; 49 belonged to one of these four lineages. One lineage occurred only in males, suggesting an immigration of maternally related males into this community. There was no significant spatial patterning of mtDNA lineages within the cemetery. This survey of ancient DNA variation in a pre-Columbian population supports the view that the initial colonization of the New World comprised just four primary mtDNA lineages.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facing up to acne.

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Acne Vulgaris↗