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A Cacciarelli

Publications and source records attributed to A Cacciarelli.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The diagnostic value of electron microscopy in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with gastrointestinal disease.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine the diagnostic value of electron microscopy in evaluating the etiology of gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A retrospective review of electron microscopic and light microscopic results of all HIV-positive patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases was made during a 3-year period from June 1995 to June 1998. RESULTS: A total of 145 HIV-positive patients had their electron microscopy specimens reviewed. Of these, 136 were investigated for diarrhea, and the other 9 for increased liver enzymes. Twenty-seven of the 145 (18.6%) HIV-positive patients had a pathogen identified by electron microscopy, compared with only 13 of 145 (9%) identified by light microscopy (P < 0.005). The sensitivity of light microscopy for detecting opportunistic pathogens was 68%. Twenty-one of the 27 (77.8%) patients diagnosed by electron microscopy had microsporidiosis, and the most commonly diagnosed species was Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Light microscopy failed to identify 12 cases of microsporidiosis and 2 cases of leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS: Electron microscopy contributes substantially to the identification of pathogens in HIV-positive patients. Light microscopy failed to identify one of every two pathogens diagnosed by electron microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Paraganglioma of the temporal bone: role of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography.

Paragangliomas, also known as glomus tumors or chemodectomas, are tumors arising from chemoreceptor tissue (paraganglia), which are neural crest in origin and found in higher concentration along the glossopharyngeal and vagal cranial nerve. Three types of paragangliomas are related with the temporal bone: glomus tympanicum, glomus jugulare, and glomus vagale. The role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing these types of tumors is discussed, along with the importance of arteriography in aiding the diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses the choice between CT and MR based on clinical symptoms and tumor location, and illustrates the newest CT, MR, and angiography applications. A brief discussion on treatment options is given.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Cholelithiasis in infants with Down syndrome. Three cases and literature review.

Only four cases of cholelithiasis have been reported in patients with Down syndrome and none in Down syndrome infants. The cases of three Down syndrome infants (all males) with cholelithiasis are reported. Each exhibited different fetal complications, and in each, Down syndrome was diagnosed at birth. Gallstones apparently were congenital (a rarity) in one infant, since they were detected on the first day of life. Cholelithiasis was an incidental finding in another of the infants when, at 12 weeks old, he had renal ultrasonography because of a urinary tract infection. The third infant was 4 months old when sonographic studies revealed a gallstone. Despite the confirmation of cholelithiasis in all three infants, none has since had any signs or symptoms that suggest the need for intervention. Cholelithiasis is probably more common in Down syndrome infants than has been supposed, but whether Down syndrome infants with gastrointestinal (GI) malformations are more likely to have gallstones than are children with similar GI malformations but with normal karyotypes is unknown.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and imaging features of rhabdoid tumor of the kidney.

Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) is a rare, highly malignant neoplasm of childhood. The clinical profile of this neoplasm differs from that of Wilms' tumor. We present two cases of RTK. In both our cases, large bulky masses with poorly defined margins and calcifications were demonstrated. The clinical and imaging findings are compared with other childhood renal neoplasms.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Three conditions in neonatal asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (Jeune) and short rib-polydactyly syndrome spectrum: a clinicopathologic study.

Clinicopathologic examination of eight patients with asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (Jeune; ATD) disclosed two different types, which were designated as type 1 and type 2. Type 1 ATD was characterized by the presence of radiologically irregular metaphyseal ends and histopathologically irregular cartilage bone junction with patchy distribution of physeal zone of hypertrophy. Type 2 ATD showed radiologically smooth metaphyseal ends and histopathologically diffusely retarded and disorganized physes with smooth cartilage bone junctions. Examination of four patients with the "Verma-Naumoff" short rib-polydactyly syndrome showed many radiologic and pathologic features similar to those of type 1 ATD. Differential diagnosis of these three osteochondrodysplasias is discussed along with chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld), short rib-polydactyly syndrome type 1 (Saldino-Noonan), short rib-polydactyly syndrome type 2 (Majewski), and the new short rib syndrome reported by Beemer et al [1983].

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

Renal calcifications: a complication of long-term furosemide therapy in preterm infants.

During the last four years ten premature infants developed renal calcifications while receiving long-term furosemide therapy. The drug was used in infants with present ductus arteriosus and later in the same infants with chronic lung disease. They had received furosemide in a dose of at least 2 mg/kg/day for at least 12 days before calcifications were noted on abdominal roentgenograms. Calcifications included small flecks, isolated stones, staghorn calculi, and nephrocalcinosis. Analysis of stones received from our infants showed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Infants who were not receiving furosemide had no calcifications. The infants with renal calcifications had rates of calcium excretion ten to 20 times that of normal, age-matched premature infants in our nursery. When chlorothiazide was given to the infants, in addition to furosemide, a four- to 15-fold decrease in calcium excretion and a radiologic dissolution of the renal calcifications were documented. It is concluded that furosemide, in doses of at least 2 mg/kg/day for at least 12 days can be associated with renal calcifications. The probable mechanism of the stone formation is hypercalciuria, primarily caused by furosemide.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal infection.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. A comparative study of chondrocytic inclusions.

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is a short-trunk chondrodysplasia trait. The abnormalities are present at birth and involve primarily the spine, the epiphyses of long bones, and the pelvis. Postmortem examinations of two patients with this disease who died shortly after birth showed a mild disorganization of chondrocytic columnization in the physeal growth zone. The chondrocytes contained PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions after diastase digestion to eliminate glycogen. Ultrastructural examination of the inclusions in one patient showed them to be accumulations of finely granular material in dilated cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum. To our knowledge, similar findings have been seen only in three other types of chondrodysplasia. The inclusions, which therefore are of diagnostic importance, may be of importance also in reflecting the primary metabolic abnormality.

Cartilage↗