Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Caponnetto.
The authors report a case of epibronchial esophageal diverticula. The patient underwent a diverticulectomy and subdiverticular myotomy was associated. No significant complications were observed in the post-operative period. In the light of the literature the paper discusses anatomic-clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of esophageal diverticula.
The Authors first briefly describe the possible histological features of parotid masses, difficult to differentiate only on the basis of clinical signs. They report on imaging techniques for detecting this kind of pathology and suggest the best diagnostic protocol for correct evaluation of parotid masses, because of its great importance in planning optimal surgical management.
The authors report a case of a large, exogastric, pedunculated leiomyoma of the stomach. Following a review of the literature, the paper describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of these tumors and underlines the diagnostic difficulties of this relatively rare gastric pathology.
The paper describes a recent case of carcinoid of the appendix in a 15 year old patient, operated for appendicitis. The diagnosis was found incidentally by histologic examination. Following a review of the literature the Authors discuss the epidemiology and clinical aspects of the appendiceal carcinoid, the most common tumour of the appendix.
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Urine and stool total nitrogen was measured using the Carlo Erba Strumentazione NA 1500 nitrogen analyzer. Determinations were carried out on 10 mcl, 20 mcl and 50 mcl urine samples and on 20-50 mg stool samples. Both urine and stool data distributions were normal, thus indicating the reliability of the method. The NA and the classic Kjeldahl method gave very close results in the same urine specimen; slight and not significant differences were found in stool analysis, most likely caused by the poor homogeneity of the material. Due to the automation, they very short analysis time, the accuracy and the reproducibility of the results, NA 1500 can be used in clinical practice for nitrogen balance studies by direct measurement of losses.
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Among the numerous causes of lipomobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue it is also carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The research shows that the saturated fatty acids decreased in this tissue of the rats injected with CCl4, even if the linolenic and alpha-linolenic acids are present in the diet.
The medium C-chain fatty acids increased in the muscle, lungs, pancreas and adipose tissue (and not in the liver) of the rats injected with CCl4 or nourished with "balanced" diet for the lipids. When CCl4 and balanced diet are furnished together, these acids decrease strongly: the discussion of the results is difficult.
Erucic and alpha-linolenic acids are probably related to a damage of muscle. The research was defined to the question if CCl4 that causes lesions in the tissue of the rat) damages also the muscle and if the dietary unsaturated fatty acids are effective in the prevention. The alpha-linolenic acid causes a strong reduction of the docosaesaenoic acid in the muscle, while the reduction of arachidonic acid is quite similar in all studied organs.
Damage of exocrine pancreas liver and lungs was induced by CCl4, probably because an unbalancement of essential fatty acids (EFA). The present research is made on the rats, injected with CCl4 subcutaneously and kept with diets at variable composition in linoleic acid, proceeding to the extraction of these organs for the gaschromatografic determination of fatty acids. CCl4 reduces the arachidonic acid in liver, pancreas and lungs of the injected rats and the dietary linoleic acid does not modify this picture in the organs.
The poly-unsaturated fatty acids of w-3 series were studied in the tissues of rats injected with CCl4 and also the effect of the alpha-linolenic acid added to the diet. Gascromathographic technique of fatty acids was applied on samples of liver, muscle, lungs, pancreas and adipose tissue. CCl4 was seen to increase in the liver and in the muscle the docosahexaenoic acid; the dietetic alpha-linolenic acid inhibits, in muscle, lungs and pancreas, the conversion of linoleic in arachidonic acid.
Serum electrolytes, diarrhoea and absorption of bile salts were examined before and for one year after jejuno-ileal by-pass in 5 obese subjects. Marked decrease in blood potassium, calcium and magnesium was noted post-operatively, with potassium and calcium levels still well below the preoperative levels after 1 yr. Faecal volume increased considerably soon after operation, then fell to about 1 1/day in the first few months and changed little thereafter. Absorption of bile salts was seriously and lastingly compromised. In the light of the relevant literature, these results show that electrolyte imbalance, being closely linked to diarrhoea induced by bile salts, is an inevitable consequence of this operation and cannot be controlled by changing the surgical procedure.
A 40 + 5 cm jejunoileal bypass was created as a means of treating a case of morbid obesity. Clinical, functional and morphological examinations were carried out prior to surgery and at various times for the following year. An initially rapid loss of weight was followed by an early halt around the 7th month and a subsequently steady state. While metabolic and cardiorespiratory benefits were obtained, considerable and progressive hyperchlorhydria and lithiasic cholecystitis were noted, along with minor, reversible complications.