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Biomedical subjects

A Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to A Carbone.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from HIV seropositive patients with or without lymphomas.

Epstein-Barr-virus- (EBV-) positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) spontaneously arising in vitro were obtained from the peripheral blood of six HIV-seropositive patients and from the peripheral blood and the bone marrow of one patient (LAM) with AIDS and lymphoma. The LCLs from HIV-seropositive patients had phenotypic, cytogenetic, and biological characteristics indistinguishable from those of normal LCLs obtained by infecting B cells with EBV in vitro. The LCLs from LAM patient comprised composite cell populations. Cloning analysis and cell fractionation procedures showed that, beside normal EBV-infected cells, these lines contained a malignant subset population characterized by c-myc rearrangement, abnormal karyotype, and a surface phenotype similar to that of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Analyses of Ig heavy chain and c-myc oncogene loci showed that these malignant cells were the progeny of a single precursor. Nevertheless, these cells had heterogeneous EBV-fused termini, a finding which indicates that EBV infection followed c-myc rearrangement.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1992

[Duplex scanner in the diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence].

This paper is reporting the experience of the Authors in the use of Duplex-scanner and eco-color-doppler in the diagnosis of the erectile dysfunctions and particularly in the importance of vascular (arterious and venous) origin. For this purpose, we selected a sample constituted of 41 patients: 22 with psychogenic, 8 with arterial, 5 with venous impotence, 5 patients with Peyronie's disease and 1 patient with posttraumatic arterio-venous fistula. The Authors, while underlining the remarkable accuracy and diagnostic reliability of eco-doppler, emphasize the indication of the method up to consider it "investigation of prime choice", not only in the patients with the dysfunction of vis erigendi but, in the cases in which a morphological evaluation, besides hemodynamical one, become necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gamma delta T cells in murine epithelia: origin, repertoire, and function.

The earliest TCR+ cells to appear during fetal development express products of the gamma and delta loci, and emerge as successive waves of cells bearing different V gamma gene products. These appear to emigrate and seed different epithelia. The TCR repertoire of the first two of these waves, V gamma 3 and V gamma 4, respectively, is extremely restricted. Whether the repertoire of these cells is restricted by selective processes or is shaped by developmental restrictions on rearrangements remains to be determined. These cells may function in surveillance for signals of trauma by recognizing self products induced by cellular stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Alpha beta T-lymphocyte depleted mice, a model for gamma delta T-lymphocyte functional studies.

Adult mice can be depleted of essentially all mature alpha beta T lymphocytes by chronic treatment with the framework-recognizing, pan-specific anti-TCR alpha beta mAb, H57-597. Similar findings have been reported in rats, gamma delta cell populations remain essentially unaltered in size and reactivity. Suppression of alpha beta T-cell development results in the loss of alloantigen reactivity and of B-cell help, suggesting that gamma delta and alpha beta populations differ in their functional capabilities. Indirect effects of the antibody treatment include quantitative changes in splenic B cells, as well as reduced sizes and weights of experimental animals. alpha beta-suppressed mice and rats may provide model systems for studies on gamma delta cell function in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Murine T cells with invariant gamma delta antigen receptors: origin, repertoire, and specificity.

T cells bearing invariant gamma delta T cell antigen receptors localize to distinct epithelial sites in the adult mouse. These gamma delta T cells differ from the lymphoid alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in several ways. The epithelial gamma delta T cells appear to be the product of the earliest waves of TCR expressing cells in the fetal thymus. Additionally, the rearranged TCR junctions exhibit a distinct lack of diversity, possibly a result of the fetal origin and a specialized selection process. The use of a single invariant TCR and strict tissue localization suggest that these gamma delta T cells may provide a specialized function in the epithelial tissues distinct from that of the circulating alpha beta and gamma delta T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Identical utilization of T-cell receptor gene regions in B-lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The configuration of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta, gamma and delta chain genes was analyzed in 16 cases of B-lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (BC-CML) for a better definition of the biological aspects of this cellular population, in comparison with the molecular features of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All cases displayed B-phenotypic features, were Ph'-positive and had a rearranged configuration of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) and of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene region (JH). The TCR beta chain gene was rearranged in four cases (25%), all of which displayed a monoallelic rearrangement involving the J beta 2 region. The TCR gamma chain gene was rearranged in 13 cases (81%); 13 rearranged alleles utilized the J1/2 regions, while the remaining five utilized JP1. The V regions of the group I were mostly involved. The TCR delta chain gene was rearranged or deleted in 15 cases (94%); the 10 rearranged chromosomes displayed exclusively two patterns referable to partial recombinations, a V2-(D)-D3 and a (D)-D3 type. These two configurations are predominant in B-precursor ALL (75% of rearranged chromosomes) and almost absent in T-ALL. Taken together, these results document the close similarities between the genotypic features of B-lymphoid BC-CML and B-precursor ALL, not only in terms of the incidence of rearrangement but more relevantly with regard to the choice of regions involved in the recombinations. This aspect is particularly evident at the TCR delta locus level.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1990

Anti-vimentin antibody reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease.

There are few data on the reactivity of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells with antibodies against vimentin. In a preliminary survey of biopsy specimens from 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), we found that the antivimentin (V9) monoclonal antibody stained RS cells in 6 cases. We therefore examined vimentin expression on RS cells immunohistologically in 38 Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymph nodes with HD [lymphocyte predominance (LP) 4; nodular sclerosis (NS) 23; mixed cellularity (MC) 7; lymphocyte depletion (LD) 4]. The results were correlated with the histopathological features, the immunohistological phenotype of the RS cells, and the findings obtained from molecular genetics studies (available in 13 cases). RS cells were found to express strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin in 13 cases, all of the NS subtype. No differences in antigenic expression on RS cells were found between the vimentin-positive and negative cases within the NS subtype. DNA analysis revealed no B- or T-cell clonal populations in the tested samples. The results indicated that RS cells were immunostained by anti-vimentin (V9) antibody with a relatively high frequency, but only in the NS subtype of HD. This subtype, however, was heterogeneous according to vimentin immunostaining on RS cells. The significance of this finding concerning the RS cell origin in this subset is discussed.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Dendritic reticulum cell-related immunostaining for laminin in follicular and diffuse B-cell lymphomas.

We performed a comparative immunohistocytochemical study of the distribution patterns of laminin and follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) within their follicular microenvironment in both nodular or diffuse B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Twenty nine cases of immunophenotypically diagnosed B-cell NHLs (19 of follicular center cell origin-FCCL- and 10 of the diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic type-WDLL-) and five reactive lymph nodes with follicular hyperplasia were analyzed by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques. Serial frozen sections and cytospin preparations were tested either with single antibodies anti laminin and DRC-1, or paired reagents in double labeling immunofluorescence. Our results indicated consistently that within both the reactive germinal centers and the neoplastic nodules of FCCL laminin immunostaining visualized a punctate-granular pattern apart from the linear vascular basement membrane positivity. Double immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that there was a close parallelism between this laminin staining pattern and DRC-1 distribution showing a well developed DRCs meshwork; in the diffuse tumour areas of both FCCL and WDLL, laminin immunoreactivity was found only in those cases in which nests of DRCs were observed. Double immunofluorescence studies performed on cytospin preparations demonstrated that the groups of cells containing DRC-1 positive cells, contained a positivity for laminin, although within the cell the staining for DRC-1 was intense and diffuse, while that for laminin was granular and more sparse. Our results suggested that these laminin and DRC-1 positive reactive sites may be present on the same cells. Since the reduction in number or loss of both DRCs and their related immunostaining for laminin within the microenvironment was consistently associated with a loss of nodularity by lymphoma cells, whereas nodularity in reactive and neoplastic conditions was associated with a rich DRCs meshwork and the related laminin immunostaining, a trapping function of DRCs exercised in the presence of laminin should be considered.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Hodgkin's disease in children. Pathologic study of 87 cases.

From 1963 to 1977 at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori at Milan, 112 patients below the age of 16 years with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were observed, representing 13.2% of all the cases of this disease seen during the stated time interval. Eighty-seven of these cases are the subject of the present study. Fifty-nine patients were males and 28 females (2.1:1 ratio). The age range varied from 2 years 10 months to 15 years 10 months (median 10 years). Forty-three (49.4%) children, of whom 35 were males and 8 females, were below the age of 10 years at the onset of their disease. The clinical staging resulted in 34 patients as stage I, 33 as stage II, 13 as stage III and 7 as stage IV. The histologic type was nodular sclerosis (NS) in 49 cases (56.3%), lymphocytic predominance (LP) in 15 cases (17.2%), mixed cellularity (MC) type in 9 cases (10.3%) and lymphocytic depletion (LD) in 8 cases (9.2%). In the remaining 6 cases the histologic classification was not applicable. LP type in 15/15 (100%) patients was associated with stages I and II, and NS in 38/49 (77%) patients was related to stage I and stage II. The latter was also the istologic type most often encountered in patients with stage II disease (23/33 or 70%). Eleven patients have died, and their survival varied from 6 to 47 months (median 30 months). The histologic type was LD in 4 cases, NS in 3 cases, MC in 1 case, and LP in 1 case. In the other 2 nonsurvivors, the histologic type was not identifiable. Of the 23 patients with more than a 5-year survival, 14 (60.8%) had NS HD. As in adults, LP and NS were associated with early stages of the disease and with long survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Histologic subclassification of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease.

Nodular sclerosis (NS) Hodgkin's disease was pathologically subdivided by cellular composition and degree of fibrosis in a series of 49 children admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between 1967 and 1977. NS showed lymphocytic predominance (LP) in 26 cases, mixed cellularity (MC) in 16 cases, and lymphocytic depletion (LD) in 7 cases. "Early fibrosis" (EF) and "advanced fibrosis" (AF) subgroups in 28 and 21 cases, respectively, were observed. Of the cases with LP 76.9% (20/26) presented with stages I and II disease, compared with 37.5% (6/16) and 28.6% (2/7) of the MC nad LD subgroups, respectively. LP and EF subgroups coexisted in 12 of 28 (42.9%) patients at stages I and II. Predominance of lymphocytes, rarity of lacunar cells, and a mild degree of fibrosis were asociated with early stages of disease. This data confirms that subclassification of NS is feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

FC receptor for IgM: factors influencing detection on human T lymphocytes.

This paper is concerned with technical standardization in detecting Fc-IgM receptors on human T lymphocytes. We have investigated a number of factors of critical importance in obtaining easily reproducible and reliable estimates of the numbers of TM cells among human peripheral T lymphocytes. A point of major importance is optimal coating of erythrocytes by IgM molecules. For this condition to be met, particular attention is required when erythrocytes from animals other than the one used for obtaining antiserum are used to prepare EA-IgM. Determination of the agglutinating titer of IgM preparation is useful in determing optimal sensitizing dilutions. Full expression of Fc receptors is favoured when human cord serum is added to the medium. The influence of incubation period of EA-lymphocytes mixtures on TM counts has also been investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

T-cell nature of leukaemic cells in a case of Sézary's syndrome with 'null-cell' features.

alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity has been investigated in leukaemic cells from peripheral blood in a typical small-cell Sézary syndrome (SS) case in which cerebriform mononuclear cells failed to form E rosettes. The 'dot-like' ANAE positivity found in the majority of these neoplastic cells strongly supports a T-cell origin. In addition, a non-monocytic, non-B-cell nature of Sézary cells is indicated by the lack of Ia-like antigens. Finally, there is evidence of a distinct portion of Sézary cells simultaneously expressing ANAE activity and Fc IgM receptors.

Esterases↗
PubMed1979

Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis patients.

Subpopulations of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were examined in twenty-three myasthenic patients. T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma) were significantly increased in a third of the patients examined. T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM (Tmu) were within normal values in all but two patients. Possible implications of these cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Subpopulations of lymphocytes in human thymomas.

Lymphocyte populations in six normal thymuses and ten thymomas were examined. The majority of lymphocytes from both thymus and thymoma differ from peripheral T lymphocytes in their capacity to form E-rosettes resistant to incubation at 37 degrees C. Low percentages of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG) and IgM (TM) were found in normal thymus. In contrast, lymphocytes from five out of nine thymomas showed remarkable percentages of TM cells. Compared with normal thymocytes, lymphocytes from seven out of ten thymomas responded vigorously to mitogens. The possible origin and nature of thymoma lymphocytes are discussed.

Adult↗