PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Carbonne

Publications and source records attributed to A Carbonne.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of practices involving a cross infection risk in anaesthesia].

OBJECTIVE: The practice of anaesthesiology has the potential for transmitting a number of infectious agents to the patient. In France, several recent cases have been identified, so that a wide survey on anaesthesiology practice has been enhanced. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire, based on the recommendations of the French Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (Sfar), was send to 8,771 anaesthesiologists and intensive care practitioners and to 2,070 nurses practicing anaesthesiology. RESULTS: A total of 1,343 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate of 12.4%). The study shows that some recommendations were routinely applied, such as: availability of alcohol-based hand hygiene solution in operating rooms (94%), use of antimicrobial filters for respiratory circuits (99%), use of single-use laryngoscope blades (77%), aseptic technique for central venous catheterization (99%), hand hygiene after contact with body fluids (96%). In contrast, the study showed that some recommendations were partially applied: hand hygiene practice (52%), wear of gloves when a risk of blood exposure exists (23%), cleaning of reusable laryngoscope blades (19%), and incorrect wear of masks (71%). The reuse of the same syringe for several patients was described in 2% of the responses. CONCLUSION: This results, similar to those previously described in the literature, must be followed by appropriate training and education of anaesthesia personnel, implementation of the recommendations, and evaluation of practices. Reuse of the same syringe for several patients have to be eradicated because of the high risk of viral transmission.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase VEB-1-producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in a hospital setting.

A nosocomial outbreak of epidemiologically related VEB-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii occurred in 33 patients in an intensive care unit. A case-control study identified previous treatment with third-generation cephalosporins as the only risk factor for A. baumannii acquisition. Rationale for antibiotic use should be strengthened.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2005

Nosocomial outbreak of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: epidemiological investigation and control.

Over a three-month period, 13 neonates developed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in a maternity unit, between four and 18 days after their birth. An epidemiological and descriptive study followed by a case-control study was performed. A case was defined as a neonate with blistering or peeling skin, and exfoliative toxin A Staphylococcus aureus positive cultures. Controls were selected at random from the asymptomatic, non-colonized neonates born on the same day as the cases. All staff members and all neonates born during the outbreak period were screened for carriage by nasal swabs and umbilical swabs, respectively. S. aureus isolates were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screened for etA gene and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two clusters of eight and five cases were identified. Receiving more than one early umbilical care procedure by the same ancillary nurse was the only risk factor identified in the case-control study (odds ratio=15, 95% confidence intervals 2-328). The ancillary nurse suffered from chronic dermatitis on her hands that favoured S. aureus carriage. Exfoliative-toxin-A-producing strains, as evidenced by PCR and indistinguishable by PFGE, were isolated from all but one of the SSSS cases, from four asymptomatic neonates, from two staff members and from the ancillary nurse's hands. Removal of the ancillary nurse from duty, infection control measures (isolation precautions, chlorhexidine handwashing and barrier protections), and treatment of the carriers (nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine showers) led to control of the epidemic. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for tight surveillance of chronic dermatitis in healthcare workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of patient contacts of heath care workers with infectious tuberculosis: 6 cases in the Paris area.

SETTING: From June to October 2003, six cases of infectious tuberculosis were reported in health care workers (HCWs) working in hospitals in the Paris area. OBJECTIVE: To describe a method of investigation to identify tuberculosis infection in patient contacts. DESIGN: To define the cohort of patient contacts, the risk of contamination was evaluated based on 1) the degree of infectiousness of the HCW, 2) patient characteristics, and 3) the proximity and length of exposure. RESULTS: The number of patient contacts selected was very variable. A small proportion was investigated in consultation, except for a paediatric service in which 43 patient contacts were identified and where the information was managed within the service. In this cohort, two patient contacts presented tuberculous infection with an unclear link with the infectious HCW. In adults, the analysis of the information gathered was difficult due to the different screening practices used. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of better targeting screening of patient contacts and of improving the detection of tuberculosis cases among HCWs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Descriptive study of bacteremia in a geriatric hospital].

OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical features, microbiologic characteristics and outcome of bacteremia in the elderly patients hospitalized in a geriatric hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All episodes of bacteremia diagnosed from January 1(st) to December 31(st) 1998 were analysed, excluding false-positive cases due to skin contamination. The hospital comprises 1084 geriatric beds distributed as 111 in acute care (ACF), 333 in rehabilitation and intermediate-care (RICF), and 516 in long-term-care facilities (LTCF). RESULTS: Sixty-six episodes of bacteremia were observed in 65 patients. Among them 59 (89%) were nosocomial bacteremia distributed as 20 in ACF, 29 in RICF and 10 in LTCF (rates of 0.6, 0.35, and 0.05 episodes per 1000 patient-days, respectively.). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the main bacterial species involved in 31% and 28% of the cases, respectively. E. coli strains were 50% resistant to amoxicillin and 41% resistant to co-amoxiclav, and 68% of S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. Portals of entry were urinary tract (44%), respiratory tract (14%), digestive tract (11%), and soft tissue (8%). The same bacterial strain as in bacteremia was isolated from a peripheric site in 30 cases (47%), most of them being urines. For 15% cases, portal of entry cannot be determined. Mortality associated to nosocomial bacteremia was 25%, and death was significantly associated to MRSA, urinary or intravascular devices, chronic wounds and inappropriate antibiotic prescription. CONCLUSION: In geriatric hospitals, bacteremia are mainly nosocomial cases. Prevention should focus on indwelling devices and antibiotic resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Significant reduction of nosocomial infectious: stratified analysis of prevalence national studies performed in 1996 and 2001 in French north interegion].

BACKGROUND: In France, repeated prevalence studies of nosocomial infections (NI) are part of governmental plan against NI built in 1995 by the Ministry of Health. To evaluate strand of NI prevalence, we performed a comparative analysis of two successive national point-prevalence surveys occurring in 1996 and 2001 for the Northern France. METHOD: Comparison concerned the hospitals, which participated in the two studies of 1996 and 2001 in Northern France. The studies were designed as a point-prevalence survey on voluntary basis. For each patient, risk factors and presence of active NI at the day of the study were recorded on standardised form. Criteria of NI used were these of "100 recommendations" of CTIN and of CCLIN North guideline. Prevalence rate (PR) and frequency of risk factors were compared. The risk factors significantly linked to NI by logistic regression were used to build a score of five risk levels of NI (PREVARISK) allowing an adjusted comparison of the 2 years. RESULTS: Total of 161 hospitals participated at the two studies, including respectively 61 422 and 58 749 patients. Between 1996 and 2001, crude PR of infected patients and of NI decreased respectively from 7.8% to 7.3% and 9.0% to 8.0% (P < 10(-4)), so then relative decreases were of 6.4% and 11.1%. In contrast, the frequency of risk factors, except surgery in the past 30 days, significantly increased. Risk factors included in PREVARISK were: age >65 years, immunosuppression, surgery in the past 30 days, urinary tract and central catheter. In patients with a low risk level (PREVARISK = 0), the relative decrease of infected patients and NI PR were of 17% and 19%. The decrease was not significant for patients with high risk level (PREVARISK >/= 3). CONCLUSION: Our analyses show a decrease of PR adjusted on risk factors, especially in patients with a low risk level. These result suggest an efficacy of program against NI in studied hospitals especially for patients for whom NI would be potentially avoidable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Notification of tuberculosis in a university hospital.

The aim of this study was to evaluate completeness of tuberculosis notification in Bichat Claude-Bernard University Hospital and to evaluate whether misclassification of atypical mycobacterial infection could have contributed to the inaccuracy of tuberculosis notification. Data from Microbiology Laboratory of the hospital and statutory notifications were compared. From 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1995, 299 tuberculosis cases were diagnosed in the Microbiology Laboratory and 316 cases were notified as tuberculosis. Notification rate for laboratory-documented tuberculosis was 57.5%, was significantly higher in cases with positive acid fast bacilli smear (75%) than without this feature (45%) and was similar in HIV-positive (59.4%) and HIV-negative (63.5%) patients. Among notified cases, diagnosis was established by laboratory proofs in only 54.4% and by clinical signs in 45.6%. Three cases with positive smear and culture growing atypical mycobacteria were wrongly notified. Notification of laboratory-documented tuberculosis was higher than that observed in a previous study in the same hospital, suggesting that the rise of tuberculosis incidence reported in our country could be partially artificial. Nevertheless, extent of notification remains insufficient and needs to be improved by combining microbiological data with current system of notification.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

Mycobacterium avium complex common-source or cross-infection in AIDS patients attending the same day-care facility.

To delineate the epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, we studied 32 case patients with disseminated MAC infection who attended the same daycare facility during a period of 13 months. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed very low similarity between MAC strains, suggesting that, despite close contacts between the patients, nosocomial cross-transmission or exposure to a common source of MAC did not occur.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗