Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Cardinale.
The foetuses of 10 women at 9-12 weeks gestation were irradiated with ultrasound under typical diagnostic exposure conditions immediately prior to abortion. Electron microscopy of liver fragments revealed neither morphological nor structural changes.
Cerebral pseudotumour is an endocranial hypertensive syndrome marked by the absence of focal neurological signs, the integrity of neuroradiological tests and an increased liquor pressure with normal composition of the liquor itself. It is normally self-limiting but if endocranial hypertension persists it may severely affect sight. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a number of conditions. The authors report a case of cerebral pseudotumour following the suspension of corticosteroid treatment. The pathology resolved rapidly following lumbar puncture. The paper focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms and the still undefined therapeutic possibilities.
In a multicenter investigation carried out in 13,590 patients, 85 primitive and secondary abdominal neoplastic lesions were detected, the incidence being 0.6%. On the basis of this investigation, the role of ultrasonography in the clinical diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of oncologic diseases is summarized. Ultrasonography is employed for three basic steps in the staging of neoplastic lesions: 1. detection of lesions, 2. diagnosis of their nature, 3. balance of extension (TNM). Ultrasonography provides a lower diagnostic accuracy than CT and MRI as the balance of extension is concerned, but it yields reliable results for the diagnosis of malignancy if completed by ultrasonography guided percutaneous biopsy. The possibility of ultrasonography in the follow-up of neoplastic lesions and its applications in the treatment of some tumors are discussed.
Early clinico-experimental findings with real-time B-mode Echography of the odontological district are reported. On the basis of previous in vitro application references and using a unidimensional A-Mode technique, preliminary data of in vivo ultrasound semeiotics regarding the tooth and its periodontal structures are outlined experimentally. Although current "in vivo" experience relates exclusively to front central and para-central teeth, it can be hypothesised that further technical and methodological developments of echographic instruments may permit systematic employment of ultrasound diagnosis in the odontological sector.
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Various experimental and clinical studies have signalled the radiosensitizing properties of CDDP (Cis-dichloro diammine platinum). Twenty eight patients with advanced solid tumours were included in a pilot study incorporating classic fraction (2.00 Gy X 5 weeks) radiotherapy and weekly doses of 30 g/sq.m CDDP. A complete response was obtained in 21 patients with 11 of them NED at a mean follow-up period of 4-16 months. The toxicity of the treatment was low and no kidney damage or ototoxicity was encountered. The results obtained by the combined treatment are encouraging but a correct assessment will require a randomised trial on a bigger patient sample.
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The histochemical behaviour of succinic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and acetylglucosaminidase activities was studied in rat liver treated with Au198-colloidal. In these experimental conditions it was found that the hepatocytes present changes in the enzymatic activities examined, generally proportional to the doses employed. With lower doses of radionuclides, the histoenzymatic changes have a local character and are completely reversible after a month. With higher doses they take on a more extensive character. These findings suggest that Au198 could be used clinically with due precautions.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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A case of female child who had transient signs of hyperthyroidism after the birth is presented. Authors describe the clinical course and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanisms. The importance of a timely diagnosis, a correct therapy and follow-up is emphasized.
The histochemical behaviour of alkaline phosphatase, adenosintriphosphatase, acid phosphatase and acetylglucosaminidase activities was studied in rat kidney treated with Chloromeridrin Hg. In these experimental conditions it was found that the nephrocytes in the proximal convoluted tubule present changes in the enzymatic activities examined, generally proportional to the doses employed. With lower doses of radionuclides, the histoenzymatic changes have a local character and are completely reversible after a month. With higher doses they take on a more extensive character and persis to some extent one month after treatment. These findings suggesti that Hg could be used clinically with due precautions.
Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the commonest endocrine diseases in infancy; the diagnosis is delayed it can lead to mental impairment. Since a precocious diagnosis, based on clinical symptoms and signs, is often difficult, screening at birth is very useful. Substitute L-T4 therapy presents some problems as it is impossible to assess the right dose before. The results of an eleven years long screening in a peripheral hospital are reported: 6408 babies were examined and congenital hypothyroidism was present in three cases, depending respectively on agenesia, ectopia and hypoplasia of the thyroid gland.
The authors report their experience in the study of 8 patients showing symptoms of thyroid hyperfunction (Plummer's adenoma) and treated with US-guided percutaneous ethanol injection. The treatment consisted in injecting sterile ethanol in varying amounts (2 to 5 ml) according to nodule size, using a fine needle under US guidance. The patients underwent 3 to 6 injections, according to biochemical (T3-T4-TSH) and scintigraphic findings. Follow-up at 12 months showed regression of clinical symptoms, a trend of hormone levels toward normalization and recovery of previously suppressed parenchymal function. No significant complications were observed, except for a transient thyrotoxic crisis in the patient bearing the largest nodule. The treatment of Plummer's adenoma by means of percutaneous ethanol injection under US guidance appears to provide specific clinical and technical advantages over other conventional treatments.
Recent advances in understanding human papillomavirus imply that HPV infections are increasing in both men and women. HPV may cause subclinical disease and play a role in genital tumors. In prepuberal children the problem remains uncommon and can offer a difficult task of management and epidemiologic evaluation.