PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Carrillo

Publications and source records attributed to A Carrillo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Pediatric basic and advanced life support courses: first experience in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the efficiency of the first experience in pediatric basic and advanced life support courses in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we have given two pediatric basic life support (PBLS) courses of 8 h each to 52 school teachers and ambulance drivers, and 10 30-h pediatric advanced life support (PALS) courses to 276 health professionals, 62 nurses and 214 physicians (80 pediatricians, 57 pediatric, anesthesiology and intensive care medicine residents, 10 general physicians and 52 emergency physicians). We developed the courses according to the guidelines for pediatric life support from the European Resuscitation Council. We performed an initial and final theoretical written test, continuous practical evaluation and a written survey about the quality of the course. RESULTS: on PBLS courses, only 12% of practitioners answered at least 80% of the questions in the initial theory test correctly, compared with 77% in the final test (P < 0.001). All the students acquired skills in basic pediatric resuscitation. In the PALS courses, only 30% of practitioners answered at least 75% of the questions in the initial test correctly (35% of physicians and 12% of nurses, P < 0.01); this percentage increased to 95.6% in the final test (96% of physicians and 93.5% of nurses, P < 0.05). Of students, 95% acquired skills in advanced pediatric resuscitation. All students and teachers considered the theoretical and practical formation received adequate. CONCLUSIONS: basic and advanced pediatric life support courses are a useful educational method for the general population, health professionals, physicians and nurses in theoretical and practical pediatric resuscitation.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1996

Cooperative effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope variable loops V1 and V3 in mediating infectivity for T cells.

Insertion of T-cell line-tropic V3 and V4 loops from the HXB2 strain into the macrophage-tropic YU-2 envelope resulted in a virus with delayed infectivity for HUT78 and Jurkat cells compared with HXB2. Sequence analysis of viral DNA derived from long-term cultures of Jurkat cells revealed a specific mutation that changed a highly conserved Asn residue in the V1 loop of Env to an Asp residue (N-136-->D). Introduction of this mutation into clones containing a T-cell line-tropic V3 loop, either with or without a T-cell line-tropic V4 loop, resulted in viruses that replicated to high levels in Jurkat cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The Env proteins from these constructs were expressed with the vaccinia virus/T7 hybrid system and were found to be translated, processed, and cleaved and to bind to soluble CD4 similar to the wild-type HXB2 and YU-2 Env proteins. Env-mediated fusion with HeLa T4+ cells, however, was regulated by both the altered V1 loop and T-cell line-tropic V3 loop. These results suggest that subsequent to the initial gp120-CD4 binding event, a functional interaction can occur between the altered V1 loop and T-cell line-tropic V3 loop that results in infection of Jurkat cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Central hypoventilation syndrome associated with ganglioneuroblastoma.

In this paper the authors describe a case of central hyperventilation syndrome associated with a neural crest tumor. The girl had several apneic spells at the age of three years. She had a tracheostomy and mechanically assisted ventilation while asleep. Routine hematologic studies and chest x-ray were within normal limits. Computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left paraspinal mass suggestive of a neural crest tumor. This mass was excised and histopathologic findings of this tumor revealed a ganglioneuroblastoma.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

[Jejuno-ileal volvulus, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction].

Volvulus of the small bowel without predisposing anatomical defects is a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction in the Western world, and its incidence is decreasing in Europe and America, although it is common in others parts of the world. The causes of primary volvulus of the small bowel and the mechanism of rotation of the entire root of the mesentery remain unexplained. Several anatomical and dietary factors have been implicated. This theory requires strong peristalsis, tense, firm abdominal muscles and feeding pattern of very bulky meals taken at long intervals. In the present case, a large quantity of bulky poorly digested food consumed previously, and strong abdominal muscles are in keeping with the above theory.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Identification of HIV1 determinants for T lymphoid cell line infection.

Determinants responsible for HIV-1 infection of T lymphoid cell lines were identified by functional analysis of chimeric proviral clones derived from T-cell line tropic-(HXB2) and non-T-cell line-tropic isolates (YU2, ADA). Replacement of the HXB2 V3 envelope loop sequence with that derived from YU2 resulted in a virus that is no longer T cell line-tropic. However, the reciprocal replacement using HXB2 V3 loop sequences did not confer upon either ADA or YU2 envelope proteins the ability to infect T cell lines. Furthermore, the resultant viruses were incapable of infection of primary lymphocytes. Single, double, and multiple point mutations made within the V3 loop sequence did not result in change in tropism, although mutations involving residue 275 resulted in a virus that was incapable of infecting primary lymphocytes but retained the ability to infect Jurkat T lymphoid cells. These results suggest that the V3 envelope determinant is necessary for T cell line infection, but other determinant(s) in envelope are also necessary to obtain infectious virus expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Structure-function relationships of the HIV-1 envelope V3 loop tropism determinant: evidence for two distinct conformations.

OBJECTIVE: The V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 is an important determinant of HIV-1-specific cell tropism. Nine different purified envelope proteins were prepared in order to examine the association between the structure of the gp120 proteins and functional properties of HIV-1 virions differing in their tropism for T-cell lines and macrophages. RESULTS: Six monoclonal antibodies to the V3 loop reacted preferentially with T-cell line-tropic gp120 envelope proteins, and one monoclonal antibody reacted preferentially with macrophage-tropic gp120 envelope proteins. T-cell line-tropic gp120 envelope proteins were at least 10-fold more susceptible to V3 loop proteolytic cleavage by human thrombin, and 1000-fold more susceptible to V3 loop proteolytic cleavage by human mast cell tryptase than macrophage-tropic gp120 envelope proteins. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there are two distinct conformations for the V3 loop of T-cell line-tropic and macrophage-tropic gp120 envelope proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of eight serological tests in the diagnosis of human echinococcosis and follow-up.

The ELISA with use of IgG, IgA, and IgE, latex agglutination, indirect hemagglutination (IHA), total IgE, the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) were carried out to determine the preoperative diagnosis of infection due to Echinococcus granulosus in 131 patients. Eighty-nine patients received follow-up care for 42 +/- 22 months (mean +/- SD); 72 were treated surgically and 17 with mebendazole only. We analyzed 5 +/- 2 serum samples per patient and analyzed each serum sample using the eight tests. IgG ELISA was the most sensitive (up to 94%) and specific (up to 99%) test for the majority of cyst locations in the patient. IEP was positive in only 73% of cases. The combination of IgG ELISA, IHA, and IgA ELISA allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 81% in cases of pulmonary echinococcosis. IgE and IgA were both responsible for most nonspecific reactions, the former in patients with parasitic diseases other than echinococcosis and the latter in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and malignancies. IgG ELISA and IHA were the most adequate tests for postsurgical follow-up. In patients with favorable clinical outcome, the specific IgG level decreased early toward the end of the first year, although serological positivity could persist beyond 6 years. A rise of IgG level 2 or 3 years after treatment suggested persistent active infection. In patients with mebendazole-associated cure, only tests with total or specific IgE detection seemed to exhibit a strong association with decreasing levels or with negative results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Identification of cytosolic peroxisome proliferator binding protein as a member of the heat shock protein HSP70 family.

Clofibrate and many of its structural analogues induce proliferation of peroxisomes in the hepatic parenchymal cells of rodents and certain nonrodent species including primates. This induction is tissue specific, occurring mainly in the liver parenchymal cells and to a lesser extent in the kidney cortical epithelium. The induction of peroxisomes is associated with a predictable pleiotropic response, characterized by hepatomegaly, and increased activities and mRNA levels of certain peroxisomal enzymes. Using affinity chromatography, we had previously isolated a protein that binds to clofibric acid. We now show that this protein is homologous with the heat shock protein HSP70 family by analysis of amino acid sequences of isolated peptides from trypsin-treated clofibric acid binding protein and by cross-reactivity with a monoclonal antibody raised against the conserved region of the 70-kDa heat shock proteins. The clofibric acid-Sepharose column could bind HSP70 proteins isolated from various species, which could then be eluted with either clofibric acid or ATP. Conversely, when a rat liver cytosol containing multiple members of the HSP70 family was passed through an ATP-agarose column, and eluted with clofibric acid, only P72 (HSC70) was eluted. These results suggest that clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator, preferentially interacts with P72 at or near the ATP binding site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste.

A comparative, prospective study was made of the incidence of infection in the lower airway (purulent tracheobronchitis and pneumonia) in long-term patients who were mechanically ventilated due to respiratory failure of noninfectious origin. Twenty-eight patients were randomly allocated into a study group (A, n = 13) in which a nonabsorbable paste containing 2% tobramycin, 2% amphotericin B, and 2% polymyxin E was administered locally to decontaminate the oropharynx, and a control group (B, n = 15) in which a paste without antibiotics was also applied to the oropharynx. We studied the effectiveness of the prophylactic technique in decontaminating the oropharynx and trachea of organisms potentially pathogenic for the respiratory system. Decontamination was successful in ten of 13 patients in group A vs. one of 15 patients in group B (p less than .001). The results demonstrated a lower rate of infection in the lower respiratory tract in the study group (three patients with tracheobronchitis and no pneumonias) than in the control group (three patients with tracheobronchitis and 11 with pneumonia), the difference between both being highly significant (p less than .001). Two (15%) patients in group B developed sepsis of pulmonary origin. None of the patients on prophylactic treatment developed this complication. Although the overall mortality was similar in both groups (group A, 30% vs. group B, 33%), we believe that infection contributed to a great extent to the death of two of five patients in group B. We conclude that nosocomial pneumonia, which is a frequent complication in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, could be prevented by local application of nonabsorbable antibiotics to the oropharynx.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B of yeasts of the Candida genus isolated in Barcelona].

In 200 strains of Candida sp, 38.5% were found to have intermediate sensitivity or to be resistant to amphotericin B and/or 5-fluorocytosine by the agar diffusion method. When the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these strains were measured, only 7.8% were resistant to amphotericin B and 2.8% to 5-fluorocytosine. The species with the highest levels of resistance were C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and Torulopsis glabrata. Candida albicans did not show resistance to 5-fluorocytosine.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1990

First record of DDT resistance in Anopheles darlingi.

DDT susceptibility of Anopheles darlingi was compared from the southeastern and northwestern regions of Colombia. Mosquitoes from southeastern Colombia (Puerto Lleras) were fully susceptible to DDT but in the northwest (Quibdo) LT50s were 14.3 times higher. This resistance appeared to be restricted to the Quibdo area. This is the first time that the DDT resistance has been detected in this important malaria vector.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intercostal pedicled flap in esophageal atresia.

Since 1974 we have used an intercostal pedicled flap (IPF) between the esophageal anastomosis and the sutured trachea in a single case of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and in four cases of primary repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and TEF in which the distance between both ends was greater than 2.5 cm and with a certain degree of tension in the anastomotic line. Furthermore, in the last two cases reported in this article, we have been able to use the IFP in an extrapleural approach in a way not previously reported. The short-term and long-term follow-ups have been excellent without any complications relating to the esophagus itself or to the pedicle flap of intercostal muscle. The method is considered particularly useful in recurrent fistulas.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1984

Effect of meconium on the detection of phosphatidylglycerol.

Phosphatidylglycerol determination has been used as an additional parameter in the evaluation of fetal lung maturity. Meconium was added to aliquot samples of amniotic fluid after phosphatidylglycerol determination. On those amniotic fluid samples without phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol standard and meconium were added. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was performed to detect the phosphatidylglycerol spot. Our results show that lightly stained meconium contamination of amniotic fluid does not hinder the detection of the phosphatidylglycerol spot on the chromatographic plate.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Partial isolation of an endogenous norepinephrine uptake inhibitor in canine plasma.

We have previously reported that homologous plasma inhibits the accumulation of [3H]norepinephrine ( [3H]NE) by the canine saphenous vein. The purpose of this study was to extract the inhibitory substance(s) from plasma and to examine some of its properties. The net accumulation of tritium by saphenous vein strips following incubations in [3H]NE was inhibited 34.4 +/- 6.1% by a 60% plasma in Krebs solution. An acetone extract of this plasma reconstituted to 83% of its original unextracted volume also significantly inhibited net tritium accumulation by 24.5 +/- 4.7%. After lyophilization of this extract, the inhibitor was not readily solubilized in dilute acetic acid but was soluble in dilute sodium bicarbonate solutions. This extract solution, reconstituted to 66% of the original plasma volume, significantly inhibited the accumulation of [3H]NE by 35.0 +/- 9.8%. Kinetic analysis using this preparation suggests that the inhibition may be competitive in nature. The activity was not sensitive to heat but was abolished by the neuronal uptake blocker cocaine. Further purification with gel chromatography produced a small molecular weight fraction that inhibited tritium accumulation. When this sample was reconstituted in a volume equivalent to that of the unextracted plasma, the contractile response of the isolated canine saphenous vein to electrical stimulation was significantly enhanced. Thus the inhibitory activity of plasma on the uptake of [3H]NE by the canine saphenous vein is due in part to a heat-stable small molecule that inhibits the initial rate of [3H]NE uptake.

Animals↗