Subarachnoid-pleural fistula after resection of a thoracic ganglioneuroma: diagnosis by MRI and CT myelography.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
A Castellote
Publications and source records attributed to A Castellote.
Pediatric pancreas: an overview.
Pancreatic disorders are not rare in children. Modern imaging equipment allows recognition of many pancreatic diseases that were difficult to identify in the past and therefore were considered to be unusual. Within the scope of this article we include information on imaging modalities for studying the pancreas and a description of the radiologic manifestations of the most common congenital, inflammatory, tumoral, traumatic and systemic disorders.
Child↗
[Contribution to the morphological knowledge of the articulations of the human tympanic ossicular chain].
The structure of human tympanic bones and their articulations was studied. Martin's trichrome stain of serial sections revealed the transmission paths of force lines based on bone lamellae density and acid fuchsin staining, which disclosed functional "critical points" (mechanical solicitation). This study contributed basic knowledge and a morphological and functional classification of the incudomalieotar and incudostapedial joints. The incudomalieolar joint was confirmed as a "riding saddle" but the incudostapedial joint as a "spheroid joint" was questioned. Information on capsule structure the meniscus and articular cartilage of the incudomalleolar joint is given.
Bone Density↗
Wilms' tumours with intracaval involvement.
Since Gross established the basic rules for nephrectomy in Wilms' tumour (WT) in 1953, the management of nephroblastoma has been more straightforward. However, some cases with intravascular involvement, currently detected by ultrasound (US), may represent a daunting challenge for the surgeon. Inferior vena cava with tumour thrombus, induced by WT, can be asymptomatic and, if undetected, can contribute to poorer prognosis for two main reasons: possible neoplastic cells inside the thrombus and higher morbidity risk of surgery. From 1979 to 1993, 81 WT were studied by routine US. Intracaval thrombosis was diagnosed in four (5%), in one of which the thrombus extended to the right atrium. In our experience, the surgical strategy in each of the four cases (100% survival) depended on the length of the thrombus and whether or not it infiltrated the vena cava wall. If the thrombus can be easily removed: complete resection. However, in cases of atrial thrombus, and more particularly if the thrombus involves the intima, we suggest the thrombus not be touched since the problem may be solved by preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy. Thus the favourable prognosis would be maintained and superfluous risky surgery avoided.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging.
We report an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPVS) detected by ultrasound in an asymptomatic newborn. The lesion, which was further documented using color Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), had almost totally disappeared 6 months later without any treatment. Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts (IPVS) are uncommon and their etiology is controversial. Some cases of IPVS have been reported in the literature, most of them in adult patients with portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver. However, only scattered reports describe IPVS in the absence of liver pathology. A revision of the proposed etiologies of IPVS is made and the usefulness of gray-scale and color Doppler sonography and MRI in diagnosing IPVS is discussed.
Fistula↗
[Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma of the liver: report of 11 cases].
We report a restrospective study about 11 patients (9 girls) referred from 1980 through 1994. We undertook this study to determine the efficiency of several methods for diagnosis and treatment. We performed ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) in each one and magnetic resonance (MR) in 4 cases. Six patients were prescribed steroids, 4 cases were not treated and one patient was operated. A solid lesion with variable ecotexture is noted at ultrasound. CT typically shows a low-attenuation solid lesion with peripheral enhancement. At MR imaging performed with T2-weighted pulse secuences the lesion usually has high signal intensity. We obtained completed remission in 5 cases, one patient was out of control and in the other 5 the sonography showed marked regression in tumor size. We believe CT is an specific method for diagnosis hemangioendothelioma. Sonographic control or steroids must be the initial therapy.
Female↗
US, CT, and MR imaging of neck lesions in children.
Neck lesions are common findings in pediatric patients and can be classified as congenital, vascular, inflammatory, or tumoral. They can be evaluated with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, either alone or in combination. US should be considered first for studying suspected congenital, vascular, and inflammatory lesions, although CT and MR imaging are best for demonstrating the extent of benign and malignant tumors and the presence or absence of bone erosion, vascular encasement, and airway compromise. MR imaging is also preferred for ruling out intracranial and intraspinal extension (eg, as occurs in rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, respectively). In the authors' experience, thyroglossal duct cysts and lymphangioma are the most common congenital anomalies; jugular vein aneurysms are the most common vascular lesion; lymphadenitis is the most common inflammatory lesion; fibromatosis colli is the most common benign tumor or tumorlike condition; and lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasm.
Adolescent↗
MR in adrenoleukodystrophy: atypical presentation as bilateral frontal demyelination.
A case of rostrocaudal progression of adrenoleukodystrophy presented with hyperintense signal intensity bilaterally in the frontal lobe on MR images obtained with long repetition times and peripheral rim enhancement on postcontrast MR images obtained with short repetition times.
Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
[Wilms' tumors with intra-cava infiltration].
Since Gross established the basic rules for nephrectomy in Wilms' tumour (WT) in 1953, the management of nephroblastoma has been more straightforward; however, some cases with intravascular involvement, currently detected by ultrasound (US), may represent a daunting challenge for the surgeon. Inferior vena cava with tumour thrombus induced by WT can be asymptomatic, and if undetected, contribute to poorer prognosis for two main reasons: possible neoplastic cells inside the thrombus and higher morbidity risk of surgery. From 1979 to 1993, 81 WT were studied by routine US. Intracaval thrombosis was diagnosed in four (5%), in one of which the thrombus extended to the right atrium. In our experience, the surgical strategy in each of the four cases (100% survival), depended on the length of the thrombus and whether or not it infiltrated the vena cava wall. If the thrombus can be easily removed: complete resection. However in cases of atrial thrombus and more particularly if the thrombus involves the intima, we suggest the thrombus not be touched since the problem may be solved by preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy. Thus, the favourable prognosis would be maintained and superfluous risky surgery avoided.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Osteofibrous dysplasia. A report of two cases.
Two cases of osteofibrous dysplasia of long bones are reported, one in a neonate with ipsilateral tibial and fibular involvement and the other in a 6-year-old patient with bilateral tibial lesions. The radiological features of the younger patient were remarkably different from those of the older one. These two different and age-related radiological patterns have also been found in most cases previously reported. All the lesions tended to regress spontaneously.
Child↗
[Importance of ultrasound in the study of cerebral pathology in childhood].
Results of 491 studies of the brain with gray-scale sonography in 341 patients with ages ranging from one day to one year are reported. Sonographic appearance of normal brain, cerebral abscesses and hemorrhages in neonates, together with sonographic findings of some congenital brain anomalies are described.
Brain↗
Infundibulopelvic stenosis in children.
Of 11,500 children who underwent excretory urography during a 17-year period, three were found to have the rare renal malformation infundibulopelvic stenosis, characterized by caliceal dilatation, infundibular stenosis, and hypoplasia or stenosis of the renal pelvis. The contralateral kidney was absent in two cases and normal in the other. Voiding cystourethrograms were normal in all three. Renal sonography showed a variable degree of caliceal dilatation without associated pelvic dilatation. The diagnosis was confirmed by retrograde ureteropyelography in one case. Two patients were followed for 12 and 18 months, respectively; both remained asymptomatic with normal renal function, and sequential sonographic examinations of their kidneys have shown no significant changes. The third patient died of an unrelated condition. Infundibulopelvic stenosis has highly characteristic radiographic features, and prognosis is good for most affected patients.
Child↗
Cervicothoracic lesions in infants and children.
Cervicothoracic lesions are not uncommon in children. All cervicothoracic lesions except superficial lesions extend from the neck to the thorax through the thoracic inlet. Evaluation of this area involves multiple imaging modalities: plain radiography, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, MR imaging is the method of choice for assessing the full extents of cervicothoracic lesions and their relationships to neurovascular structures. Cervicothoracic lesions can be classified as congenital lesions, inflammatory lesions, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and traumatic lesions. Lymphangioma is the most common cervicothoracic mass in children; other congenital lesions include hemangioma, thymic cyst, and vascular anomalies. Inflammatory adenopathy reactive to tuberculosis, mononucleosis, tularemia, cat-scratch fever, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, or other upper respiratory tract infections can manifest as cervicothoracic lesions; tuberculous abscesses and abscesses of other origins can also be seen. Lipoma, lipoblastoma, aggressive fibromatosis, and nerve sheath tumors (either isolated lesions or those associated with neurofibromatosis) can also occur as cervicothoracic masses. Malignant cervicothoracic tumors include lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and chest wall tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and neuroectodermal tumor). Traumatic cervicothoracic lesions include pneumomediastinum of traumatic origin, traumatic pharyngeal pseudodiverticulum, esophageal foreign-body granuloma, and cervicothoracic hematoma.
Adolescent↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of fourth ventricular choroid plexus neoplasms in childhood. A report of two cases.
Choroid plexus neoplasms (CPN) are rare tumors occurring with a relative incidence of 0.5% of intracranial neoplasms in all age groups and 1.5-6.4% of all pediatric brain tumors. In children, the most common site of origin is the atria of the lateral ventricles where the CPN may represent either a carcinoma or a benign papilloma. CPN arising in the fourth ventricle are more common in adults, and are more likely to represent a benign papilloma. We present 2 children with CPN arising from the inferior fourth ventricle with similar features on MRI, one of which represented a benign papilloma and the other a malignant carcinoma. CPN should be included, even in young children, in the differential diagnosis of any infratentorial, intraventricular tumor.
Child↗
Metaphyseal cysts in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
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Bone Cysts↗
[Otomycosis and topical application of thimerosal: study of 152 cases].
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the topical application of Timerosal (merthilate tintura) in mycosis involving the external auditory canal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study includes 152 patients with the clinical, otoscopic and microscopic diagnosis of otomycosis. Results were assessed 72 hours and 10 days after the application. RESULTS: Bacteriological study was performed in 83 patients, finding Aspergilly niger in 54.0% of the cases, Candida albicans in 25.4%, Aspergillus fumigatus in 15.8% and Penicillium in 4.8%. Improvement at 72 h. was found in 66.4% and at 10 days in 93.4% of the patients. Bacteriological contamination was found in 6.6% of the total. COMMENTS: In most of the patients, the otomycosis healed after cleaning of the external auditory canal and topical application of timerosal. This method is easy to apply, fast, effective, of low cost and few side effects.
Administration, Topical↗