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Biomedical subjects

A Catterall

Publications and source records attributed to A Catterall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Depressed levels of circulating menaquinones in patients with osteoporotic fractures of the spine and femoral neck.

Vitamin K1 functions in the conversion of glutamate residues, present in certain bone peptides, into the putatively active gamma-carboxyglutamate form. We have shown previously that the circulating levels of vitamin K1 are depressed in osteoporotic patients. However, it is known that menaquinones (vitamin K2:MK) may be more effective than vitamin K1 in this conversion of the inactive to active form of glutamate residues. A procedure for measuring such menaquinones has now demonstrated a marked deficiency of MK-7 and MK-8 in patients with osteoporotic fractures. It is suggested that estimates of circulating levels of K1, MK-7, and MK-8 might provide a biochemical risk marker of osteoporotic fractures.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A method of assessment of the clubfoot deformity.

The literature on clubfeet is inadequate because a common method language for assessing the deformity is lacking. Different severities of clubfoot deformity will give different results for a standard procedure: a less severe deformity can be corrected by limited releases, whereas a severe deformity requires radical procedures. This paper presents a language of assessment that has been used for a number of years. The importance of developing a language of assessment to be able to identify the various types of clubfoot deformity is important if the treatment of this condition is to develop within the field of pediatric orthopedics.

Clubfoot↗
PubMed1990

Femoral osteotomy in Perthes' disease. Results at maturity.

Upper femoral osteotomy is a recognised treatment for selected patients with Perthes' disease. The results of this procedure were investigated at skeletal maturity in 44 patients (48 hips). The indication for operation was Catterall group II, III, and IV hips with 'head-at-risk' signs. Harris and Iowa scores were calculated clinically, and each hip was assigned radiographically to one of the five Stulberg classes, its initial Catterall grading checked and other relevant indices measured. Results showed excellent clinical function. Shortening was present in 14 hips (29%) and a positive Trendelenburg's sign was seen in 12 (25%). On radiographic assessment 58% of hips were Stulberg class I or II, with a good prognosis. The results of femoral osteotomy were better than those for conservatively treated hips in all age groups except those under five years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Congenital dislocation of the hip: the indications and technique of open reduction.

Open reduction will be indicated in three circumstances: failure to correct the soft tissue contracture; failure of the hip to reduce concentrically following a "Trial of Closed Reduction"; and when closed reduction is contra-indicated in a child over two and a half years or with an associated condition such as Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita.

Arthrogryposis↗
PubMed1988

Circulating vitamin K levels in patients with fractures.

It is now clear that vitamin K1 is part of a biochemical cycle that is essential for the conversion of specific bone peptides into a form that can bind calcium. We have used a recently described procedure for assaying vitamin K1 in plasma to test the involvement of this vitamin in fracture healing. Markedly depressed circulating levels were found in patients with fractures and the time taken for this level to return to normal appeared to be influenced by the severity of the fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The Colonna-Hey Groves arthroplasty in the late treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. A long-term review.

Forty-four patients who had undergone 50 capsular arthroplasties for congenital dislocation of the hip were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 20 years. Their average age at operation was 5.9 years; 31 of the operations were undertaken because of late presentation, the remainder because of the failure of previous surgery. In all, 70% of the hips showed good function despite a reduced range of movement, but patients with bilateral arthroplasties fared poorly. Excellent containment within the acetabulum was found in 80%, but the femoral head was always abnormally high though not unduly lateral or medial. This configuration had remained unchanged during follow-up. The accuracy of reduction along the mediolateral axis was the only variable found to influence the outcome significantly. Functional deterioration, associated with pain, was noted to be more common after 20 years than before, and was associated with radiographic evidence of joint degeneration.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The Chiari pelvic osteotomy. A review of the long-term results.

We report the clinical and radiographic results of the Chiari pelvic osteotomy in 49 hips (45 patients) at an average of 14 years after operation. Of these hips, over half had minimal or no pain, had good or excellent results as assessed by the Harris hip score, and could walk at least three miles; three-quarters, however, had a positive Trendelenburg sign. A younger age at operation and a painless hip with no radiographic evidence of degeneration before operation were associated with a higher hip score at review. The percentage of hips without degenerative changes fell from 68% before operation to 15% at final review. There were no major complications and it was found that a Chiari osteotomy need not interfere with normal childbirth.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Abnormalities in fracture healing induced by vitamin B6-deficiency in rats.

Vitamin K1 is the intermediate carrier of reducing equivalents in mineralization. In fracture-healing in the rat metatarsal the primary source of these reducing equivalents appears to be NADPH, generated from glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Because recent evidence indicated that stimulation of G6PD activity can be induced by putrescine, derived from pyridoxal phosphate-dependent ornithine decarboxylase activity, the effect of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency has been studied in this system. Vitamin B6-deficiency caused marked diminution in the G6PD activity in the periosteal region of bone-formation and in the developing callus, with significant delay in the maturation of the callus and union. It also caused changes in the bone suggestive of imbalance in the coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These results suggest that the vitamin B6-status may be important in fracture-healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound of the hip: a review of the applications of a new technique.

In an attempt both to reduce gonadal irradiation incurred with conventional radiology, and to image the unossified structures of the neonatal hip, several groups have undertaken studies on aspects of hip ultrasound particularly with reference to the paediatric patient. The ultrasound anatomy of the unossified infant hip has been described by Graf in Austria. The same author has devised an ultrasonographic classification for hip dysplasias and dislocations which has gained widespread acceptance in mainland Europe. Two studies have appeared exploring the use of ultrasound for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion but as yet these have not been compared with CT or trigonometric methods of assessment. Ultrasound has been shown to be effective in the detection of hip joint effusions, but its role in the management of the "irritable hip" has yet to be defined.

Hip↗
PubMed1986

Hinge abduction of the hip. Diagnosis and treatment.

Hinge abduction is an abnormal movement of the hip which occurs when a femoral head, deformed as a result of avascular necrosis or Perthes' disease, fails to slide within the acetabulum. Patients with this condition present with pain and shortening and in some cases arthrodesis has been recommended. We report 27 cases in which the diagnosis had been established by arthrography. The satisfactory results of abduction-extension osteotomy of the femur in 26 hips with this condition are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The torn acetabular labrum.

Eleven patients with tears of the acetabular labrum are discussed and the syndrome of the torn labrum is defined. In all cases the lesion was associated with acetabular dysplasia, and a constant early radiological sign was a cyst in the lateral aspect of the acetabulum. The diagnosis was confirmed by arthrography. It is suggested that these tears are degenerative, occurring as a consequence of abnormal stresses imposed by the uncovered lateral portion of the femoral head. Once a tear is present a localised stress point occurs on the femoral head, leading rapidly to degenerative arthritis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent hip pain after Perthes' disease.

Whereas the majority of patients with Perthes' disease have relatively benign diseases with good long-term outcome, approximately 9.5% develop deteriorating symptoms that require surgery before the age of 35 years. The growth disturbance that produces the deformity of the femoral head induces a fixed subluxation, resulting in hinge abduction. This condition almost certainly leads to the early onset of degenerative changes. Abduction extension osteotomy relieves pain, improving leg length discrepancies and range of movement. The surgeon hopes that the operation will sustain long-term hip function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Electrochemical detection of depressed circulating levels of vitamin K1 in osteoporosis.

If gamma-carboxylation, by the vitamin K1 - cycle, of glutamate residues of bone-matrix peptides is essential for the formation of bone, the circulating levels of this vitamin might indicate the potential efficiency of this process. Methods involving HPLC with electrochemical detection have very recently been developed for assaying the low levels of vitamin K1 that occur in normal plasma. Using such methods, we found that the circulating levels of vitamin K1 in osteoporotic patients (who had sustained either spinal crush-fractures or fractures of the neck of the femur) were significantly lower than those of age-matched control subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pathology and classification.

The most important change seen during the early and active phases of this disease is an overgrowth of the articular cartilage with a variable degree of infarction within the bony epiphysis. This accounts for the variable nature of the disease that is observed clinically. Treatment cannot alter the degree of bony infarction present; it can only attempt to control the growth disturbance that is present by maintaining the mobility of the femoral head and hence preventing the adduction contracture, which is the essential prerequisite of serious femoral head deformity.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic alterations in human synovial lining cells in pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Synovial tissue from 3 patients with villonodular synovitis has been examined by quantitative cytochemistry. Considerable changes in the metabolism of the synoviocytes have been observed. These included a massive rise in the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase to levels even greater than those found in rheumatoid arthritis, and a significant rise in the activity of 2 glycolytic enzymes, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase. Lysosomal napthhylamidase showed raised activity with no latency. The sulphydryl content in the synoviocytes was raised, as was the amount of available phospholipid. This pattern of metabolic alterations is similar to that found in human rheumatoid synoviocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pentose-shunt oxidation in the periosteal cells in healing fractures.

The activity of pentose-shunt dehydrogenases is very low in periosteal cells of normal rat metatarsals, but increases one day post-fracture and rises linearly over the next two days. By four days post-fracture, the distribution of this activity along the bone shows two centres of high activity: the first in the region of proliferation to form callus and the second at the site where new bone is first seen, one day later. The high rate of generation of NADPH would be expected to reduce glutathione; reduced glutathione has been shown to inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity in these cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗