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Biomedical subjects

A Cederberg

Publications and source records attributed to A Cederberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Local effects of three standard assault rifle projectiles in live tissue.

A total number of 64 anaesthetized Finnish homebred pigs, weighing 25-30 kg, were wounded in the medial part of one thigh. The shooting range was 30 and 100 m. The weapons were the Finnish M 62, the Russian AKM 47 and the American M 16 A 1, and the projectiles were their standard military ammunition. Simulating typical field conditions the skin of the pigs was covered with a Finnish terrain uniform at 30 m. After trauma the anaesthetized pigs were kept under intensive care for 6 hours before they were debrided on current principles of missile injury operation. The condition of the animals was carefully checked both clinically and in laboratory tests. The pigs showed no signs of shock during the study. The impact and exit velocities were measured, and the respective energies were calculated. At the range of 30 and 100 metres the rate of energy transfer was the same, or 8-9% of the impact energy, with the two 7.62 projectiles. The 5.56 American projectile had a considerably greater energy transfer at the range of 30 m (27.5% of EI) as well as at the range of 100 m (14.4 of EI). With all projectiles the same correlation was observed between debrided tissue per unit length of wound path and rate of energy transfer per unit length of wounds caused by the 5.56 calibre projectile were more injurious than those caused by the 7.62 calibre bullets. The wounds and the tissue damage were estimated by gross appearance, amount of debridement, biopsies and ultrasound studies. The results were comparable with those obtained with soap blocks, except as regards the behaviour of the Russian 7.62 calibre projectile, which was quite different in soap blocks compared to live tissue at both ranges.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The behaviour of three standard small calibre projectiles in soap blocks.

A study of three standard small calibre projectiles fired from the ranges of 30 and 100 m against soft soap blocks was performed. The assault rifles used in the tests were the Finnish M 62, the Russian AKM 47 and the American M 16 A 1 with standard ammunition. Impact velocity was measured with photocells and exist velocity with foils. The respective kinetic energies and the rate of transferred energy were calculated. The soap block was cut into two pieces after the shot. The diameter of the cavity was measured at every 10 mm along the trajectory, the volume of cavitation was calculated and the blocks were weighed before and after the shot. The bullets were collected when technically possible. At the range of 30 m the 7.62 M 62 bullet was already very stable. The two other projectiles especially the 5.56 calibre were fasttumbling and their volume of cavitation in soap blocks was about 1.75 times more than that of the 7.62 M 62 projectile. At the range of 100 m the stability of the two 7.62 projectiles is almost equal, but the 7.62 AKM 47 projectile released much more of its impact energy to the target. Furthermore, the 5.56 calibre projectile is unstable and goes on showing early tumbling and total break-up behaviour. The ratio between the volumes of cavitation was 1:2:3 (M 62:AKM 47:M 16 A 1).

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

A method for measuring the cleaning effect of flushing disinfectors.

A method is presented with which the mechanical cleaning effect of flushing disinfectors can be estimated independently of the thermal disinfecting effect of the hot flushing water. This makes it possible to specify the demands to be placed on the disinfecting effect of flushing with water of 85 degrees C or more. Bacillus stearothermophilus spores suspended in faeces were used as indicators because of their non-sensitivity to the hot-water temperature. Their elimination by flushing could thus be attributed to the mechanical effect of the water and not to the disinfecting effect of the temperature. A simple bacteriological technique was used, and the elimination factor (EF) was calculated as the ratio of the number of micro-organisms in the contamination before and after flushing. By using flushing water below 50 degrees C for 130 s the EF on a bedpan was about 10(4)-10(6). The effect of flushing with water of the same temperature for only half that time was somewhat weaker and when the temperature was raised to 85 degrees C after half the flushing time the effect was somewhat stronger. It can be presumed that the conventional disinfecting phase with hot (85 degrees C) water for about 45 s in the commonly used flushing units could be substantially shortened and the costs of their use thereby reduced.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1976

Streptococcus zooepidemicus (group C streptococci) as a cause of human infection.

Cervical lymphadenitis with high fever and respiratory distress in a 3-year-old boy is reported. Group C streptococci were isolated from the boy's throat and these were identified as Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The patient recovered after treatment with penicillin. Strep. zooepidemicus is extremely rare as a causative organism of human infections. Even symptomless carriers are very rare. Group C streptococci isolated from humans normally belong to the species Strep. equisimilis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Effects of long-term treatment with procaine amide. A prospective study with special regard to ANF and SLE in fast and slow acetylators.

During 1970-75 a total of 42 patients have been subjected to long-term treatment with procaine amide (PrA) because of different cardiac arrhythmias and have been observed up to over 5 years. Among these patients 35 (83%) developed a significantly increased titer of ANF and of these, 12 patients (29%) developed a "classical" drug-induced SLE syndrome. In the SLE group all but 2 improved rapidly after cessation of PrA, and the ANF titer decreased continuously but slowly in both groups. Acetylation test with sulphamidine and/or isoniazid in 11 patients among the SLE cases showed 8 slow and 3 fast acetylators. Among 12 patients who also had received PrA for a long time, but had not shown any signs of an SLE syndrome, there were 10 fast and 2 slow acetylators.

Acetylation↗