[Athletic performance and pharmacological doping].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Cession-Fossion.
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1. -- In young well trained adults, adrenergic beta receptors blockade by pindolol or propranolol causes a relative bradycardia during running on a threadmill during 10 to 20 min at 50% VO2 max. 2. -- Pindolol activity is maximum for 5-7.5 mg ingested one hour before starting. In two subjects, tachycardia reappears for 30 mg : this secondary increase may be explained by an intrinsic sympathetic activity of pindolol. 3. -- Propranolol is about 14 times less active than pindolol without any intrinsic sympathetic activity.
In ageing female subjects, the urinary noradrenaline excretion (UNA) is reduced with respect to the controls in young adults. On the other hand the ratio UNA/clearance of endogenous creatinine increases with ageing. This provides a confirmation of the fact that ageing is associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline. The ratio UA/clearance of creatinine remains unaltered. So far the physiological meaning of these results remains unclear.
Inhalation of a gas mixture : CO2, 25% -- O2, 37.5% -- N2, 37.5%, provokes regularly in the light anaesthetized rat, an increase of catecholaminemia of central origin, associated with systemic arterial hypertension.
Eleven normal subjects underwent epinephrine perfusions (1.9; 6.1; 11.8 ng/min) during a short (20 min) and mild (50% VO2 max) exercise. VO2 was not modified by epinephrine perfusion, while heart rate ventrilation and plasmatic lactate were increased proportionally to epinephrine doses.
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The urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and creatinine has been studied in normal young individuals during a water bath at 38 degrees C for 40 minutes. The noradrenalinuria and the ratio noradrenalinuria/creatininuria are decreased, indicating an inhibition of the vasomotor activity of the orthosympathetic system. This inhibition is related to the consequence of the external hydrostatic pressure of the water filling the intrathoracic venous reservoirs and increasing the systemic blood pressure at the sino-baroreceptor level, hyperthermia playing a very limited role.
Acute hypercapnic hypoxia provoked by the ligature of the trachea kills the rat in 3 to 5 minutes. Catecholaminemia is immediately increased by adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla for the largest part. Catecholamine contents of the suprarenal glands is not decreased at the time of death.
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The slow increase in heart rate which is observed in normal man submitted to heavy muscular exercise is due for a part to an activation of orthosympathetic cardiac activity which is blocked by beta antagonists. It is also explained by direct action of hyperthermia on the heart.
In the rat, desoxycorticosterone (3 to 10 mg p. kg) does not modify the systemic vasoconstriction provoked by noradrenaline even in presence of an excess of sodium chloride. This mineralo-steroid reduces the vasodilatation induced by isoprenaline. Sodium chloride in excess potentiates this inhibition.
In vitro, accumulation of metanephrine is described in renal cortex of the rat (tissue/medium ratio greater than 5). This accumulation is saturable and energy dependent.
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In dogs, the urinary clearance of IPNA-3H is very near GFR (ratio CIPNA-3H/GFR = 0,92). This ratio is not modified by cocaine. In our experimental conditions, we observe no tubulary secretion of IPNA-3H.
The urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and creatinine has been studied in 22 normal young men during a sauna bath (20 minutes). The radio noradrenalinuria/creatinine is specifically increased, indicating a stimulation of the orthosympathetic system (19.6 ng.mg-1 +/- 7.9 in basal state; 30.5 +/- 15.7 in sauna bath).
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