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Biomedical subjects

A Champailler

Publications and source records attributed to A Champailler.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparative myocardial uptake of technetium-99 m sestamibi and technetium-99m tetrofosmin one hour after stress injection.

Technetium-99m sestamibi and 99mTc-tetrofosmin are at present the preferred tracers for simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and function by gated single-photon emission tomography (SPET). The aim of this work was to compare sestamibi and tetrofosmin myocardial uptake 1 h after stress injection. Consecutive unselected patients were studied either with sestamibi or with tetrofosmin on a random basis, until at least 100 patients had been enrolled for each gender and tracer. Stress was obtained by dipyridamole or exercise or combined dipyridamole + exercise; in the latter cases, exercise was sustained for at least 1.5 min after tracer injection. Injected activity was similarly adjusted to body weight. For each patient, imaging began 60-75 min after injection. All SPET projections were summed; due to the acquisition technology ("roving zoom", i.e. a mobile zoom), the heart always appeared at the centre of the frame in all projections and in the sum image. Thus minimal lung background contamination could be assumed in an elliptic region of interest placed over the heart on the sum image. Three indexes were analysed: total myocardial counts (Sum), mean myocardial pixel (Mean) and maximum myocardial pixel (Max). Four patient groups were analysed: males with sestamibi or tetrofosmin (MS: n = 189 and MT: n = 157), females with sestamibi or tetrofosmin (FS: n = 101 and FT: n = 104). MS and MT groups were comparable for physical variables, maximum heart rate and stress type, as were the FS and FT groups. Sum, Mean and Max were significantly higher with sestamibi (P = 0.0001 by ANOVA). Comparing MS vs MT and FS vs FT, mean values +/- SD were as follows: for Sum (kcounts) 750+/-184 vs 652+/-166, and 707+/-202 vs 594+/-189; for Mean (counts) 4517+/-1171 vs 4107+/-898, and 4908+/-1119 vs 4144+/-1025; and for Max (counts) 6471+/-1654 vs 5794+/-1312, and 7318+/-1886 vs 6152+/-1684. The mean gain with sestamibi was +15%, +10% and +12% in males, and +19%, +18% and +19% in females. Similar differences were found within each stress type subgroup. No gender-specific effect was found for Mean, so the overall mean gain was calculated for Mean: +13% for sestamibi vs tetrofosmin. These findings are consistent with other published smaller sample series. Possible differences between tracers with regard to residual activity in syringes were ruled out by an additional experiment. In summary, we found significantly higher myocardial counts with sestamibi than with tetrofosmin, in males as well as in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Degradation of Raw Starch by a Wild Amylolytic Strain of Lactobacillus plantarum.

Lactobacillus plantarum A6, isolated from fermented cassava, can break down cassava raw starch that has not been subjected to preliminary physicochemical treatment. When the pH was kept at 6, the microorganism cultured in a bioreactor excreted a high alpha-amylase activity (60 U/ml). Synthesis of the enzyme occurred during the stationary phase and resulted in full hydrolysis of the cassava starch granules. This gave 41 g of lactic acid from 45 g of raw starch after 3 days of fermentation. Enzymatic attack was evident under scanning electron microscopy in the rougher appearance of the surface of starch granules and in the presence of large cavities in some of them. In contrast, when the pH was not regulated, only a small amount of alpha-amylase activity was produced (2 U/ml) and no decrease in the starch content of the medium was observed. However, under scanning electron microscopy, some granules displayed a rougher surface, which might have been the result of weak enzymatic attack.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Plasma transport of 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA.

Plasma transport of 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA was measured by four in vitro methods: trichloroacetic acid precipitation, electrophoresis, HPLC, and Scatchard binding isotherm. The data are in accord with protein transport, the main carrier being albumin with two categories of sites. This work suggests that after IV injection of 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA in humans plasma protein binding is one of the limiting factors for the hepatic deposition of the radiopharmaceutical.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1985

[Investigation of biliodigestive anastomosis with the help of radiopharmaceutical products].

Hepatobiliary investigation using 99mTc-diethyl-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) has permitted a new point of view about the morphological and functional investigation of the biliary-digestive anastomosis. Our clinical study concerning 31 patients (13 choledochoduodenostomies 10 hepaticojejunostomies, 6 choledochojejunostomies and 2 cholecystojejunostomies) helped to specify scintigraphic imaging (stasis in intrahepatic bile duct, reflux in stomach, strangulation phenomenon on the level of the mesocolon, incomplete or complete obstruction). The problems associated with current diagnostic procedures are discussed and we place the scintigraphic method amongst other radiologic methods (barium meal, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography). This non-invasive diagonostic procedure plays a leading part in the investigation of the biliary digestive anastomosis, and particularly in the hepatico-jejunostomies.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1985

Nycthemeral variations of 99Tcm-labelled heparin pharmacokinetic parameters.

Six healthy volunteers (5 males and one female) received four i.v. boluses of 160 U.I. of 99Tcm-heparin at 8.00, 14.00, 20.00 and 02.00 hours at seven-day intervals. Nine blood samples were taken covering a period of 2 h after administration. Simultaneously urine was collected and diuresis was noted. Plasma and urinary radioactivity were measured and standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Nycthemeral variations of these kinetic parameters were detected by means of distribution-free tests. Circadian rhythms (period = 24 h) were analysed by means of the cosinor method and the Gauss-Marquardt method. The mean raw value of the following parameters: apparent volume of distribution, plasmatic clearance and extra-renal metabolic clearance, increased significantly between 8.00 and 14.00 (p less than 0.01) and decreased between 14.00 and 20.00 (p less than 0.05). A circadian rhythm was found for the plasmatic clearance only (p less than 0.04). On the other hand the elimination half-lives and the renal clearance were unaffected by the time of the injections. These results obtained for low doses of 99Tcm-heparin suggest a circadian rhythm of the bio-availability of heparin in man. This fact should be taken into account for the use of 99Tcm-heparin in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis and for the safe adjustment of the heparin dosages in the treatment of severe thromboembolism.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1985

[Marion's calibrated latero-lateral portacaval anastomosis: a truncular shunt maintaining hepatopetal portal blood flow?].

The authors report the hemodynamic study of 22 cases of calibrated side-to-side portacaval shunts performed in patients with liver cirrhosis. In all patients, hepatopetal portal blood flow was present before the operation. According to the data obtained by scintiangiography and angiography, hepatopetal portal flow was maintained in 70 p. 100 of the patients immediately after the operation. After one year there was a discrepancy between the results of scintiangiography and those of conventional angiography: while portal flow seemed to be hepatopetal on the scintigraphy in 11 of controlled patients, it decreased or disappeared on the angiography in 6 other controlled patients. These results are comparable to those of selective shunts and suggest that the calibrated side-to-side portacaval shunt is a valuable procedure in maintaining hepatopetal portal flow. A controlled trial would be useful to assess the place of this operation in the treatment of portal hypertension due to cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Relative evaluation of arterial and portal perfusion of the liver during scintigraphy using technetium 99m sodium phytate].

Quantitative assessment of the relative arterial and portal blood flows by calculation of the slopes of the arterial and venous components of the liver first-pass curve was performed in 67 patients with steatosis or cirrhosis referred for liver scintigraphy. In normal subjects, the portal venous blood flow amounts to 74.3 +/- 3% of total liver blood flow. In the present study, this figure was reduced to 58.6 +/- 8.6% in steatosis (n = 5) and 35.5 +/- 14.6% in cirrhosis (n = 33). Analysis of liver blood flow enhances the sensitivity of radioisotopic scans in diffuse liver diseases and is of considerable value for the indication, prognosis and follow-up of surgical shunts.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunogenetics and immunopathology of human primary membranous glomerulonephritis: HLA-A, B, DR antigens; functional activity of splenic macrophage Fc-receptors and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations.

In most of our patients with idiopathic membranous nephritis (MGN), we have studied the HLA-A, B, DR phenotype, the clearance of anti Rhesus D coated-51 Cr-labeled-autologous erythrocytes, and the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations as ascertained by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8). The frequency of HLA-B8 antigen is 57.14% in 28 primary MGN versus 14.4% in 104 local controls (Pc less than 0.00018). The frequency of HLA-DR3 antigen is 65.38% in 26 primary MGN patients versus 20.27% in 74 local control individuals (Pc less than 0.00008). The half-life of sensitized erythrocytes is 37.30 +/- 9.55 min in 10 controls, 1963 min and 1601 min in 2 splenectomized controls, 12 min in a patient with hypersplenism, and 67.05 +/- 69.64 min in 18 idiopathic MGN patients respectively. The half-life is significantly prolonged in 6 out of 18 MGN patients. This prolongation correlates with exacerbation of the disease while normal values are obtained with remission. The OKT3 positive subpopulation (total T-lymphocytes) is 63.77 +/- 10.37% in 31 controls versus 53.74 +/- 13.81% in 22 MGN (P less than 0.002). The OKT4 positive subpopulation (helper T-cells) is 37.90 +/- 8.21% in controls versus 32.79 +/- 10.89% in MGN (P less than 0.03). The OKT8 positive subpopulation (suppressor T-cells) is 21.60 +/- 5.28% versus 20.03 +/- 5.76% respectively. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio is 1.85 +/- 0.58 in controls versus 1.74 +/- 0.69 in MGN. During exacerbation, the T-lymphocyte subset fractions are normal, whereas OKT3 and OKT4 are decreased during remission. MGN is a strongly HLA-linked disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative evaluation of the function of each kidney using Tc 99m DTPA].

To evaluate the clinical validity of 99m Tc DTPA renal investigation, we have studied 60 patients with different renal diseases: 1) Renovascular hypertension (22 patients); 2) Chronic pyelonephritis (11 patients); 3) Renal hypoplasia (12 patients); 4) Bilateral parenchymatous nephropathy with hypertension (15 patients). We observed a good correlation between the creatinine clearance and the total DTPA clearance (N = 51: r = 0.68; p less than 0.001); and also a good correlation between the respective renal surface extrapolated from renal X-Rays, and the respective renal function of each kidney (expressed in percentage) measured from DTPA data. This correlation is higher in group 1 and lower in group 2. From individual kidney function percentage and glomerular filtration rate measurement or estimation, we could calculate the GFR of each kidney, which serves as a guideline for surgical decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Renal radioisotope study with 123I-hippuran in the monitoring of transplants].

Hippuran labelled with iodine 123 is now used for short- and long-term monitoring of renal transplants. Sixty-one explorations were performed in 24 patients, using this new radiopharmaceutical agent. Repeated explorations, facilitated by the lower doses of radiations as compared with 131I-hippuran, are particularly useful to diagnose thrombosis of the renal artery, early acute tubular lesions, acute and chronic rejection and impaired evacuation of the kidney. 123I-hippuran is the first-choice method of exploration of transplanted kidneys and can be followed, if required, by explorations more aggressive for the patient and the kidney.

Female↗
PubMed1979

A study of the application of a deconvolution method to scintigraphy.

It is shown that an Anger-type gamma camera can be considered as a linear filter. The image is therefore the convolution of the object by the camera point spread function. An important property of the objects is the fact that they are basically positive (count-rates as a function of space variables). The proposed deconvolution method (due to Biraud) is shown to work satisfactorily on a 1-D scintigraphic signal which is a particular cross-section of a 2-D image. This is a preliminary study of the enhancement of real scintigraphic images.

Image Enhancement↗