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Biomedical subjects

A Chandler

Publications and source records attributed to A Chandler.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Limits on gravitational-wave emission from selected pulsars using LIGO data.

We place direct upper limits on the amplitude of gravitational waves from 28 isolated radio pulsars by a coherent multidetector analysis of the data collected during the second science run of the LIGO interferometric detectors. These are the first direct upper limits for 26 of the 28 pulsars. We use coordinated radio observations for the first time to build radio-guided phase templates for the expected gravitational-wave signals. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set strain upper limits as low as a few times 10(-24). These strain limits translate into limits on the equatorial ellipticities of the pulsars, which are smaller than 10(-5) for the four closest pulsars.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Establishing a cancer pain clinic in a developing country: effect of a collaborative link project with a UK cancer pain center.

This paper describes a project for the establishment of a cancer pain clinic in a developing country. The project was conducted according to guidelines from the World Health Organization and utilized a link with an existing cancer pain clinic in the UK. The principal methods used for establishing the new pain clinic included: an assessment of barriers to effective cancer pain control, teaching programs for nurses and trainee doctors, educational links with a UK cancer pain clinic, and analgesic guidelines and introduction of a pain assessment tool. As a result of these interventions, a new cancer pain clinic was founded. The methods used serve as one possible model for establishing cancer pain treatment facilities in developing countries.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1997

A population-based study determining the incidence of tuberculosis attributable to HIV infection.

Although the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has been attributed in part to the AIDS epidemic, few studies in the United States have measured the risk attributable to HIV infection. We linked the TB registry of Alameda County, California, 1985 to 1994, with the AIDS registry, 1982 to 1994. We defined a person with TB and HIV infection as a patient in the TB registry with the same name, race/ethnicity, gender, and date of birth as a patient in the AIDS registry. We used population and HIV seroprevalence estimates to determine the HIV-seropositive and -seronegative population at risk of TB in 1994. Of 1990 TB cases reported by Alameda County from 1985 to 1994, 116 (5.8%) had an AIDS diagnosis. Among 25- to 44-year-old TB patients, 25.2% of U.S.-born men and 8.4% of U.S.-born women had an AIDS diagnosis. In 1994, the estimated TB incidence rate in persons with HIV infection was 198.1 per 100,000 versus a rate of 13.9 of 100,000 among persons without HIV infection (rate ratio, 13.8; 95% confidence interval, 8.0, 23.8). In 1994, 93% of TB cases among HIV seropositive persons, 6.4% of all TB cases, and 16.7% of TB cases aged 25 to 44 years were attributable to HIV infection. The high attributable risk underscores the impact of HIV on the TB epidemic. All persons with HIV infection should be screened for TB, and persons with TB infection should be screened for HIV infection. TB/HIV coinfected patients should be provided with TB preventive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

P6 acupressure reduces symptoms of vection-induced motion sickness.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of P6 acupressure on nausea associated with visually-induced motion sickness. METHOD: There were 64 subjects randomly divided into 4 groups: P6 acupressure, dummy-point acupressure, sham P6 acupressure, and control. Each subject sat in an optokinetic drum for a 12-min baseline and 12-min drum rotation period. Subjects' electrogastrograms (EGG's) and subjective symptoms of motion sickness were obtained. RESULTS: The results indicated that the subjects in the P6 acupressure group reported significantly less nausea [F(3,60) = 8.16, p < 0.0001] during drum rotation period than those in the dummy-point acupressure, sham acupressure, and control groups. The scores for symptoms of motion sickness of the P6 acupressure group were significantly lower than those in the sham acupressure and control groups [F(3,60) = 3.49, p < 0.02]. Also, the subjects in the P6 acupressure group showed significantly less abnormal gastric myoelectric activity, tachyarrhythmia, than those in the sham acupressure and control groups [F(3,60) = 2.78, p < 0.04]. However, the subjects in the dummy-point acupressure group did not report significantly fewer symptoms and show less tachyarrhythmia than those in the sham acupressure and control groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that P6 acupressure reduces the severity of symptoms of visually-induced motion sickness and gastric tachyarrhythmia.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1993

Brief communication: dietary habits of first-year medical students as determined by computer software analysis of three-day food records.

Nutrition training for medical students has long been a low priority for most medical schools. Given the growing body of knowledge linking health promotion to proper dietary habits, there is a need to increase the quantity and quality of nutrition training for medical students. In the present study, first-year medical students recorded food intake for 3 days and analyzed their diets for nutrient contents with a computer software program. Use of the interactive software created a personalized approach to increasing nutrition knowledge as the students became aware of their own dietary habits. Female students had a low consumption of kilocalories, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, and polyunsaturated fat. Male students exceeded current recommended intakes for fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.

Diet Records↗
PubMed1990

Serotonin antagonism reduces the adverse symptoms of beta blockade.

Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta blockers) are a well-established first-line treatment for hypertension, but they have been associated with unwanted symptoms including cold extremities, lethargy, and nightmares. Ketanserin is a serotonin S2-receptor antagonist that has previously been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients by reducing systemic vascular resistance. Hypertensive patients whose sitting diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 95 mmHg, despite at least 4 weeks therapy with an optimal dose of beta blocker, were selected for the study. The beta-blocker dose remained constant throughout the study, but patients were randomly allocated to receive ketanserin 20 mg twice daily, ketanserin 40 mg twice daily, or bendrofluazide 5 mg each morning plus placebo at night in addition to the beta-blocker therapy. One hundred and forty two patients completed the symptom questionnaire at randomization and after 12 weeks treatment. The treatment groups were well matched for age, sex, weight, and blood pressure. Blood pressure was reduced significantly by all treatments, and there were no between-group differences. Bendrofluazide adversely affected alertness (p less than 0.05) and concentration (p less than 0.01) whereas ketanserin had no significant effect and the ketanserin 20 mg twice daily group had better concentration than the bendrofluazide group (p less than 0.05). Ketanserin treatment reduced the incidence of nightmares (p less than 0.05 for 20 mg twice daily and 40 mg twice daily) and was an improvement over bendrofluazide treatment in this respect (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from Crithidia luciliae.

1. Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) was purified 370-fold from the protozoan parasite, Crithidia luciliae. 2. The enzyme was a dimer of mol. wt 80 000 and was highly specific for uracil. 3. GTP, which is an activator of UPRTase from E. coli had a slight inhibitory effect on the parasite enzyme. 4. The C. luciliae UPRTase demonstrated a broad specificity for activating divalent metal ions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sensitivity and specificity of pooled versus individual sera in a human immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence study.

We evaluated the efficacy of testing pooled versus individual sera for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus antibody. A total of 5,000 individual specimens and 500 pools of 10 specimens each were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was complete agreement in human immunodeficiency virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity for pooled versus individual specimens. An estimated savings of 60 to 80% (labor and supplies) can be realized dependent upon pooling and assay format.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of total, saturated, unsaturated, and monounsaturated fats in cereal products by acid hydrolysis and capillary gas chromatography: collaborative study.

Fifteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to determine total, saturated, unsaturated, and monounsaturated fats in cereal products by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Cereal products, representing a wide range of cereal grains and processes, were hydrolyxed in 8N HCl and extracted with ethyl and petroleum ethers. FAMEs were produced by the reaction of the mixed ether extracts with sodium hydroxide in methanol (NaOH/MeOH) and then with boron trifluoride reagent (14% BF3 in MeOH). They were quantitatively determined by capillary GC. Total fat was calculated as the sum of individual fatty acids expressed as triglyceride equivalents in accordance with nutrition labeling guidelines. Saturated, unsaturated, and monounsaturated fats were calculated as sums of individual fatty acids. The total fat contents of samples ranged from 0.56 to 12.64%. A split design was used to determine performance parameters of results obtained by 15 laboratories on 24 samples. Of the 24 samples, 7 were blind duplicates and 5 were independent materials. Statistical analysis for total fat yielded a relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) range of 1.32 to 13.30% and a relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) range of 4.42 to 22.82%. The goal of this study was to determine total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated, and monounsaturated fat in cereal-based products by complete extraction, methylation, and quantitation of total fatty acids. The acid hydrolysis-capillary GC method for determining total, saturated, unsaturated, and monosaturated fats in cereal products has been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Chromatography, Gas↗