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Biomedical subjects

A Chastel

Publications and source records attributed to A Chastel.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Neonatal septicemias: biological diagnosis and antibiotherapy. Apropos of a series of 46 cases].

The records of 46 neonates with proven septicaemia were retrospectively studied. Patients could be divided in 2 groups: in group 1 (21 infants) a positive blood culture was obtained before one day of life; in group 2 (25 infants) a positive blood culture was obtained between days 1 and 28. The sensitivity of 9 chemical and bacteriological tests and the efficacy of the initial antibiotic treatment were examined in both groups. Of the 21 germs isolated in patients from group 1, 86% were Gram positive bacteria and 95% were susceptible to ampicillin. Of the 26 germs isolated in patients from group 2, 80% were Gram negative enteric bacteria and 86% were susceptible to cefotaxime. Bacterial tests (gastric aspiration, antigen detection, feces culture) had a better sensibility than biochemical tests (C reactive protein, orosomucoid, fibrinogen).

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

[Palmaz's vascular intraluminal stent. Preliminary results].

Palmaz's stent is a fenestrated, expansible metallic stent with an apparently small tendency to thrombogenesis, so that anticoagulants are necessary only during the preintimalization period. This stent has recently been introduced in human pathology and has been used in this study for percutaneous or surgical correction of residual or recurrent post-angioplasty lesions. The development, theoretical indications and preliminary results obtained with the insertion of 25 Palmaz's stents into peripheral arteries are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Role of laser angioplasty in the management of peripheral arteriopathies. Report of 79 cases].

From May 1988 to November 1989, 79 of the 341 patients admitted to our center requiring angioplasty for peripheral artery disease were treated by laser angioplasty (LA) associated with secondary dilatation. Laser angioplasty was performed with and Nd-YAG laser coupled by an optical fiber to 1.8, 2.2 and 3 mm sapphires. The population studied included 64 men and 15 women (mean age: 66 years). Functional outcome before LA was class II in 85% of cases (n = 67) and class III and IV respectively in 10 (13%) and 2 patients. Laser angioplasty was the primary indication in 61 patients (77%) with a femoropopliteal (n = 53), iliac (n = 7) or axillary (n = 1) arterial obstruction. Laser angioplasty was the secondary indication in stenoses which could not be negotiated by a guide or balloon (23%; n = 18). Laser angioplasty led to repermeabilization of arterial occlusions in 82% of cases. The best results were obtained for short occlusions of less than 3 cm (n = 5; 100%) and for femoropopliteal lesions (n = 60; 85%). Stenoses were revascularized in all cases. Complementary dilatation was performed at the same time in all revascularized patients. Forty-seven revascularized patients were followed up 3 to 6 months after LA. Results were good in 36 cases (77%); restenosis occurred in 7 cases (15%); and reocclusion in 4 cases (8%). It was possible to treat all restenoses percutaneously (dilatation: n = 5; extruder: n = 1; stent: n = 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Use of imipenem-cilastatin in neonatal septicemias caused by gram-negative bacilli multiresistant to beta-lactam antibiotics].

Seven neonates with septicemia due to Gram negative bacteria resistant to beta-lactam received imipenem-cilastatin therapy. Bacteria isolated were Enterobacter cloacae [3], Enterobacter aerogenes [1], Klebsiella pneumoniae [1], Serratia marcescens [1], Pseudomonas fluorescens [1]. The MICs of imipenem were lower 1 microgram/ml. In 3 children septicemia occurred during previous antimicrobial chemotherapy. 3 IV 60 mg/kg doses of imipenem with amikacin (15 mg kg/d) were administered every day. For five children blood cultures were negative after 48 hours of treatment. E. aerogenes septicemia required pefloxacin because blood cultures remained positive (d5) despite an increased dosage (90 mg/kg/d). All children were cured and imipenem-cilastatin was not responsible for any complication. Those results demonstrate the efficacy of imipenem in the treatment of septicemia in newborns due to multiresistant Gram negative bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Electric burns in the operating room. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four cases of patients suffering from peroperative skin burns at electrocardioscope electrode sites are reported. They were the result of incorrect function of the cutting diathermy, (error of internal or external connection). Use of the electrocardioscope with a "floating input" protects the patient against this type of electrical accident.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Prevention of complications of histamine liberation occurring after administration of anesthetic agents and adjuvants].

To protect the organism against histamine liberated during anesthesia specific premedication is used including:--hydroxyzine (Atarax) which blocks the H1 histamine receptors, and is an anxiolytic,--tritoqualine (Hypostamine) which inhibits histamine synthesis,--epsilon aminocaproic acid (Hemocaprol) which prevents the antigen-antibody reaction and blocks the alternate route of complement. Twenty five patients were thus premedicated, 25 others received no premedication. All were put to sleep with Alfatesine. The results were judged on the clinical symptoms and the variations of histamine in whole blood. This premedication seems very efficacious, in particular in subjects with a high risk of histamine liberation.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

[In vivo blood histamine during anesthesia].

Assays of overal histaminaemia were carried out, in 150 patients anaesthetised according to three different techniques, apart from any surgical act. 119 anaesthesias took place without any incident, 33 were disturbed by the appearance of rashes or of bronchospasm. The overall histaminaemia varied according to three types of graphs (a flat graph, an ascending graph, or a descending graph) without it being possible to evoke any relationship between this course and the clinical signs. It seems that the presence of a background predisposing to histamine-liberation is however responsible for greater frequency of the descending graphs, and that the method of administration of the anaesthetic product is a factor which can intervene in the genesis of the phenomena of histamine-liberation during anaesthesia. An interpretation of the variations in the graphs of histaminaemia is attempted by the authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Anaphylactoid complications due to the use of anesthetic products and adjuvants. Apropos of 18 cases].

Eighteen grave anaphylactic accidents arising during induction or during anaesthesia, are analysed. By order of frequency, the clinical signs are cutaneous manifestations (70 p. 100 of the cases), bronchospasm (65 p. 100), cardiovascular collapse (45 p. 100). In four cases, cardiac arrest occurred. The course was always favourable, with no after-effects. Immuno-allergic tests enabled one to make the diagnosis of true anaphylaxis in eight cases (seven shocks due to succinylcholine, one due to propanidide), of non specific histamine-liberation in five cases; in the other cases, it was impossible to express an opinion.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Double-blind versus placebo comparison of single dose alpidem (50 mg or 75 mg) in a model of situational anxiety].

Alpidem (Ananxyl) is a new imidazopyridine anxiolytic. Two studies of single doses of alpidem (50 or 75 mg) versus placebo, involving 104 patients each, showed alpidem at these two doses to be effective in a human model for situational anxiety, which is the psychological state of patients awaiting cardiovascular examination or surgery. Clinical assessment showed no significant difference in safety between alpidem 50 mg and placebo. Conversely, at the dose of 75 mg, there was a higher incidence of drowsiness with alpidem than with placebo.

Adult↗