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Biomedical subjects

A Chavez

Publications and source records attributed to A Chavez.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical application of continuous flow apneic ventilation.

Continuous flow apneic ventilation (CFAV) was studied in five adult female patients. After induction of anesthesia with thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg), and paralysis with pancuronium bromide (0.12 mg/kg), the patients were ventilated with oxygen at an FIO2 of 1.0 by face mask. Two polyethylene catheters (outside diameter [OD] 2.5 mm) were each inserted into the right and left mainstem bronchi. Each catheter had a curved tip measuring 2 cm in length. The angulation of the catheter tip from the axis was 20 degrees for the right side and 30 degrees for the left side. The endobronchial position was checked by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Subsequently, tracheal intubation was performed using a 7.5 mm OD tracheal tube. CFAV was started when both catheters were connected to the gas delivery system. Humidified oxygen was delivered at total flows between 0.6 and 0.7 1/min. Arterial blood gases were analyzed every 5 min for 30 min. Monitoring included electrocardiogram, indirect blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and peripheral nerve stimulation. Adequate oxygenation was maintained in all patients, 39.76 +/- 4.32 kPa (299 +/- 37 mmHg) at 30 min. There was a significant rise in Paco2 (P less than 0.05) at 30 min compared to the control, 4.92 +/- 0.25 kPa compared to 7.30 +/- 0.53 kPa (37.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg compared to 54.9 +/- 4.0 mmHg). There was a mean rise in Paco2 of 0.03 kPa/min (0.6 mmHg/min) compared to 0.5 kPa/min (3.8 mmHg/min) with apneic diffusion ventilation. In one patient there was no increase in Paco2 during the 30 min of CFAV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Membranous nephropathy: response to steroids and immunosuppression.

In a retrospective study, the clinical course of 23 adult patients with documented idiopathic membranous nephropathy was reviewed. These patients included 16 men and 7 women, who were followed for a period of as long as 9 years, 22 patients (95.7%) were nephrotic (proteinuria of 3 g or more in 24 h) and 6 (26%) were hypertensive. 5 patients were treated with prednisone alone, 12 with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, 2 with prednisone and azathioprine and 4 received no treatment. 18 patients achieved complete remission (78.3%). 16 of these (88.9%) were treated with prednisone, or prednisone and cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, and the remaining remitted spontaneously. In 3 additional patients, proteinuria improved with treatment with prednisone and immunosuppression but remained in the nephrotic range in 2, and fell to 1.8 g/day in 1. Patients who failed to respond to steroids showed remarkable improvement when therapy with cyclophosphamide was added. Of the 4 patients not treated, 2 underwent spontaneous remission and 2 developed renal insufficiency. These results suggest a beneficial effect of steroids in the treatment of membranous nephropathy, and suggests further that cyclophosphamide may be effective in patients not responding to steroids alone. Finally, these results suggest that in many patients therapy may have to be prolonged before a remission can be observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Nutrition, behavioral development, and mother-child interaction in young rural children.

In a poor rural community two groups of 17 mother-child units each were studied longitudinally. One group followed the usual feeding habits of the community which result in undernutrition of the child. The other group was provided food supplementation which was sufficient to provide an adequate diet for the child. From the 24th week on, the supplemented children developed a different pattern of interaction with mother and the environment: they slept less, barely used the cradle during the day, played more in the yard, and refused to be carried wrapped up. After the 36th week they received more stimuli and more deferences and rewards, not only from the mother but from the father as well. At 18 months the supplemented children moved about six times as much as the nonsupplemented and exhibited more complex behavior. They were more restless, playful, demanding, disobedient. It is concluded that better nutrition caused an increase in the activity of the child, which made him more demanding, which in turn increased interaction with his mother and established a feedback system, which in turn modified his behavior.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1975

Nutrition and development of children from poor rural areas. V. Nutrition and behavioral development.

2 groups of 17 mother-child units each were studied longitudinally, 1 with the usual feeding habits which resulted in undernutrition of the child, and the other sufficient with food supplementation. From the 24th week on, the supplemented developed a different pattern of interaction with mother and environment; they slept less, barely used the cradle during the day, played more in the yard, and refused to be carried wrapped up. They moved about 6 times as much as the nonsupplemented and exhibited complex behavior. They were more restless, playful, demanding, and disobedient. It is concluded that better nutrition caused an increased level in the child, which made him more demanding, and in turn this increased interaction with his mother and established a feedback system, which in turn modified his behavior.

Americas↗
PubMed1973

Nutrition and development of infants from poor rural areas. III. Maternal nutrition and its consequences on fertility.

To test the hypothesis that malnutrition alters fertility, the reproductive pattern of a poor rural community with a high natality rate was studied. A late menarche age (15.5 +or- 1.5 years) and an early menopause (40.4 +or- 2.5 years) were found and resulted in a short reproductive period of 25 years. In all, there were 8.8 +or- 2.7 pregnancies and 7.9 +or- 2.9 deliveries during this period, but only 4.8 +or- 2.2 children reached adulthood. A longitudinal observation was made of 2 groups which were similar in all respects, except that one was supplemented and the other was not. Both groups lactated the entire time between pregnancies as well. The control group recovered fertility 14.0 +or- 4.0 months after delivery while the supplemented group did after only 7.5 +or- 2.6 months; this difference, as well as the difference in recovery times in the experimental group before and after supplementation, were highly significant (P0.001). It may be concluded that undernutrition reduced mothers' fertility in 2 potential ways. It may reduce a woman's reproductive life and it determines an increase in the period between deliveries of more than 40%. Therefore, the high natality rate in this community should not be explained by high individual fertility but rather by the sociocultural characteristics of the community.

Americas↗
PubMed1971

Nutrition and development in infants of poor rural areas. Pt. 1. Consumption of mother's milk by infants.

This study was designed to examine the pattern of mother's milk consumption of infants from poor Mexican rural areas. A standardized sample of 17 mother-infant units was longitudinally studied in ad-libitum conditions, estimating milk volume by difference in body weights before and after feeding from the breast. Average total milk consumption during the 1st year of life was 183 +or- 23 liters. Daily milk consumption started low (423 +or- 85 ml), increased to a peak at 450 +or- 80 ml, and finally dropped to about 350 +or- 44 ml at 18 months. About 1/2 the cases reached the peak at 8 weeks and the rest at 24 weeks; this difference in presentation of the peak was connected to the mother's parity and nutritional status. Consumption seems to depend on mother's production since the baby keeps a high demand as evidenced by high feeding frequencies and too long sucking times. The gap resulting from decreasing milk production at a time when nutritional needs increase progressively affects the baby's development and nutritional status.

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social support and arterial pressure in a central Mexican community.

Research on the relationship of social support and arterial blood pressure was conducted in a town in central Mexico. A culturally appropriate measure of social support was developed assessing perceived support from relatives, friends, neighbors, and compadres (ritual kin). The effects of perceived support from these four sources were compared to the effects of the amount of reported social contacts. For males, more support from all four sources was related to lower arterial pressure, whereas amount of social contact was related to higher diastolic blood pressure; support from compadres had the largest inverse correlation with blood pressure. For females the pattern of correlations was dependent on age: support from relatives and friends was related to higher blood pressure for younger females, whereas support from relatives was related to lower blood pressure for older females. This pattern of relationships is consistent with the place of women in the social structure of this Mexican community, and these results point to the need to conceptualize and measure social support in culturally appropriate ways.

Adult↗