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Biomedical subjects

A Chevalier

Publications and source records attributed to A Chevalier.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serologically defined subpopulations of human T lymphocytes.

Several rabbit antisera to T cells obtained from various sources (thymus, peripheral blood, brain, T-derived leukemias) were studied with the aim to obtain reagents specific for a subset of T cells. Sera were first absorbed on human tissues and B cells; thereafter these T cell-specific sera were additionally absorbed with T cells of different origin and especially with leukemic T cells, which are likely to represent a clonal expnasion of a subset of T cells with potentially unique antigenic markers. Three antigenically distinct subpopulations of T cells were delineated. The relationship of these subsets with previously defined human T cell subpopulations (T subsets with a receptor for the Fc or IgG or IgM or with a receptor for a lectin from wheat germ agglutinin) was investigated.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

[An epidemiologic approach to psychoses].

This study is an epidemiological approach of psychoses based on morbidity statistics from french psyschiatric hospitals for the years 1968, 1971 and 1975. It compares some of the most interesting census and first admission data for the following categories: manic-depressive psychoses, chronic schizophrenia and paranoid states on the one hand, neurotic conditions, personality disorders and non-psychotic depressions on the other. Major trends are analysed. Two of them seem particularly interesting: 1) the decreasing number of cases classified as manic-depressive psychoses; 2) the diminishing proportion of females in most instances. Some explanatory hypotheses are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and social or medical data in a child mental health center (author's transl)].

The aim of the present study is to point out the most significant sociodemographic and medical parameters related to psychiatric diagnoses, such as registered at the Alfred-Binet Child Mental Health Center (Paris). Statistical analysis shows the specific tendencies of each diagnosis and their similarities. Some diagnoses are particularly associated to negative aspects of the investigated parameters. This is true for psychotic disorders whereas normal variations are linked to positive aspects. Between these two extremes, neurotic disorders, the most numerous, are located in a middle position for all the investigated variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunological characterization of blast cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Evaluation of its clinical significance.

A panel of lymphocyte surface markers was used to identify blast cells from 111 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Three groups of patients were found. 1) 14 patients with B derived ALL. Only three patients had a common ALL; in the other cases the blastic proliferation was featured by Burkitt's tumor cells or supervened in patients affected with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). 2) The blast cells from 28% of the patients with common ALL had T cell properties. 3) The cells from the largest group of patients did not bear B or T cell markers but were featured by the presence of a leukemia-associated antigen revealed by a rabbit antiserum to CLL B cells. Studies with another antiserum to CLL B cells as well as with an antiserum to foetal thymocytes revealed also leukemia-associated antigens but these antigenic determinants were present on all acute leukemia cells which had been tested and were therefore of no help to classify various leukemias. A number of clinical and hematological findings were more frequent in the group of patients with T cell ALL: high white blood cell counts, tumoral disease, thymic enlargement, meningeal involvement, strong acid phosphatase activity in blast cells. However no difference in the survival curve is yet apparent at 30 months.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical staging of early invasive epithelial ovarian tumors.

Early stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma is defined pathologically as a tumor strictly limited to one or both ovaries without any extra-ovarian disease (i.e., Stage IA or B of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification). This diagnosis can be obtained only after an exhaustive surgical staging procedure, performed as soon as the diagnosis of epithelial invasive ovarian carcinoma is established. This staging surgery currently encompasses a peritoneal cytology, the thorough inspection of all the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces with biopsy of any abnormality, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH + BSO), random peritoneal biopsies, omentectomy, appendectomy and bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies, up to the left renal vein. The results of this staging procedure and its indications are discussed. In all of the cases, the radical removal of the pathologic adnexa is indicated, along with the complete peritoneal and retroperitoneal staging. While fertility-sparing surgery (avoiding hysterectomy and contralateral adnexectomy, if possible) seems to be safe for young women, a TAH + BSO is the rule for the others. Adjuvant chemotherapy can be omitted in well-differentiated tumors with a negative staging operation, but currently it remains indicated in all other cases. Indeed, the ultimate goal in early stage ovarian carcinoma is to not impair by inadequate management the high chance of a cure.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of in vivo acute lethal potency and in vitro cytotoxicity of 48 chemicals.

The cytotoxicity of 48 compounds included in the MEIC (Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity) list was determined in cultures of rat hepatocytes, McCoy, and MDBK cells. The average minimum concentration of each compound inducing cytotoxicity was measured in each cell type. The cytotoxicity values were then compared with published oral LD50 values for rats and mice. The logarithmic transformation of in vivo toxic doses and the corresponding in vitro cytotoxic concentrations showed a statistically significant correlation between the in vitro and in vivo values. The results show that an accurate in vivo LD50 dose could be predicted from in vitro data for at least 75% of the selected compounds. It is hoped that this finding will not only stimulate others to pursue in vitro technique but will eventually lead to elimination of the in vivo LD50 test.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of laparoscopy in the management of uterine cervix cancer].

At the turn of this century, the evidence of the benefits of a concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced tumors and the development of mini-invasive surgery (laparoscopic and radical vaginal surgery) are the two main advances in the management of cervical carcinomas. From a personal experience of 304 cervical carcinomas, the different techniques of laparoscopy used in cervical carcinomas are addressed and discussed. Their long-term results when involved in the management protocols of cervical carcinomas at different stages are reported. From this series, some conclusions are drawn: 1) laparoscopy can spare a laparotomy in early-stage node-negative patients with low tumoral volume; 2) it can spare a systematic extended-field radiation therapy in high-risk patients with node-negative para-aortic exploration; 3) it can spare surgery in patients with a centro-pelvic advanced stage or recurrence, possibly candidates for an exenterative procedure, if occult spread is found in the intra- or retroperitoneal areas. The more and more frequent combination of the mini-invasive surgery for staging and treatment and radiotherapy or chemotherapy explains the need for new protocols of a more and more complex and specialized management.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of suppressed thyrotropin level and positive thyrotropin-receptor antibody activity in Graves' disease with long-lasting clinical remission.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) level and positive TSH-receptor antibodies (TSH-R Ab) in patients with Graves' disease who have long-lasting clinical remission. METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients with Graves' disease who underwent follow-up for a mean of 55 months after the withdrawal of antithyroid drug treatment. Study patients were 84 consecutive subjects in clinical remission, with normal serum free thyroxine (FT(4)) and free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) levels, regardless of serum TSH levels, a mean of 35 months (range, 6 to 135) after discontinuation of carbimazole therapy. Eighty-seven euthyroid subjects were used as control study participants. All subjects had serum determinations of FT(4) and FT(3) (radioimmunoassay), TSH (highly sensitive immunoradiometric method), TSH-R Ab (radioreceptor assay), and microsomal antibodies (M Ab, passive hemagglutination method). RESULTS: In the study patients, serum TSH was suppressed (</=0.10 mU/L) in 13 cases (15%), TSH-R Ab were positive (>/=15%) in 11 cases (13%), and M Ab were positive (>/=1:100) in 54 cases (64%). Simultaneous suppressed TSH and positive TSH-R Ab levels were present in six patients. During the follow-up, 11 patients had a relapse, demonstrated by above-normal values for serum FT(4) and FT(3) in association with clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Five of them had a previously suppressed TSH level, three had a positive TSH-R Ab level, and six had a positive M Ab titer. Relapse was significantly more likely in patients with a previously suppressed TSH level (P<0.02) but not in patients with a previously positive TSH-R Ab level or positive M Ab titer. CONCLUSION: Patients with Graves' disease and long-lasting clinical remission after discontinuation of carbimazole therapy may have a suppressed TSH level, a positive TSH-R Ab level, or a positive M Ab titer (or some combination of these findings). Although positive TSH-R Ab and M Ab have no significant prognostic value, a suppressed TSH level is indicative of subclinical hyperthyroidism and higher risk of relapse.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotropic drug use and associated factors in a professional environment].

Drug use has been evaluated from a study conducted in a large french firm during 1992. The main objective of this study was to estimate prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and define professional factors. Psychotropic drug use has been measured by the percentage of subjects reporting their regular or occasional use during the 12 last months. Self-reported resort to medical system and sick leaves for psychiatric reason has been also examined during the same period. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders have been measured with a standardized questionnaire (CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview) according to the criteria for the DSM III-R. A randomized sample of 540 subjects was obtained from two stages procedure. In first, a screening stage on 10,000 employees with the 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The screened population was stratified on the global score GHQ-12 (> or = 3 and < 3). 270 subjects were randomized in each group and interviewed with CIDI. Occasional and regular psychotropic drug use is respectively 41.1% and 6.8% in women, 16.7% and 3.4% in men. It is much higher after 45 years (regular use: 18.8% in women and 7.6% in men). Only 6% of men and 7% of women with depressive disorders use regularly psychotropic drugs, the occasional use is 27% and 73%. In one third of the cases use regularly psychotropic drug.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo digestibility and metabolic effects of 3 wheat-flour products (white bread, french toast (rusk) and french toast bran-enriched) in normal subjects.

We devised to study the effects of two technological processings of industrial bread (degree of cooking and enrichment with bran) on in vitro digestibility and repercussions on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects. 3 products were tested in vitro and in vivo: white bread (WB), french toast obtained from the same white bread (FT) and french toast enriched with bran (BFT). In vitro, the percentage of starch hydrolysed was significantly lower for the bran-enriched toast than for WB and FT (p less than 0.001). In vivo, the 3 products and an oral glucose load were given at 08.00 h, after an overnight fast, to 12 healthy volunteers (8 F; 4 M); (age = 24 +/- 1 years; BMI = 21.9 +/- 0.9; mean +/- SEM) on four consecutive days and in random order (latin squares 3 x 4). Each meal contained 35 g carbohydrate and 125 ml water and, for the wheat products, about 190 Kcal. The mean results of the glycemic indexes were: WB = 115 +/- 17%; FT = 99 +/- 21%; BFT = 87 +/- 21% (NS) with the corresponding insulin indexes at 81 +/- 8%, 79 +/- 9% and 90 +/- 8% respectively (NS). The mean plasma glucose and insulin values at 30 minutes did not differ between the three tested foods but were all significantly lower than that observed with glucose (p less than 0.01). Plasma glucose transiently descended below baseline values in all subjects for glucose and BFT. Neither the toasting process nor the presence of wheat bran had any major effect upon hyperglycemia and insulin secretion in the healthy subjects studied.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro method using vascular smooth muscle cells to study the effect of compounds on cell proliferation and intracellular lipid accumulation.

Primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) were incubated with hyperlipidemic rabbit serum (HLRS) to produce intracellular lipid accumulation. Cultures were exposed to different concentrations of the test compounds and their effects upon cell proliferation and intracellular lipid accumulation were measured. The in vitro results obtained with different Ca2+ antagonists, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and other hypolipidemic substances showed a strong correlation with the in vivo activities of these compounds, suggesting that cultured SMC may be a useful initial in vitro model to detect new chemical entities active upon atherosclerosis related parameters.

Animals↗