PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Chinchilla Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to A Chinchilla Moreno.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epidemiology of eating disorders and the influence of mass media: a literature review].

The aim of this study was to provide an update of the epidemiology of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), focusing on incidence and prevalence as well as other factors as age and sex. We made a review of the existing literature in the matter in the last decades. Likewise, we made an extent evaluation of the hypothetical pathogenic impact that exerts mass media (television and printed mass media) in these pathologies. We found an evident increase in incidence as well as prevalence of these disorders though it's far from being considered epidemic. We also found an undeniable influence of mass media in the genesis and maintenance of these disorders. However, mass media would exert a positive influence in the popularization of these entities to the general population that would result in a higher demand in general practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depressive pseudodementia: Diagnostic frontiers].

In the limits between dementia and depression we find a clinical entity in permanent controversy; Depressive Pseudodementia. Depressive pseudodementia is defended by some authors and criticised by others and set us in the diagnostic frontier palced between the cognitive and the affective, between neurology and psychiatry. The entity is not well delimited and reaches diagnostic relevance clinical, evolution and response aspects. In the present issue, we realize a reflection on the term depressive pseudodementia with a review of the scientific literature with special attention in clinical and diagnostic subjets. We conclude that depressive pseudodementia although considering diagnostic limitations is still a valid term in clinical practice, and it eases the approximation, diagnosis and treatment of patients with mixed symptoms of cognitive and depressive type.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality disorders in a psychiatric unit: retrospective study].

From those patients who were admitted to the psychiatric in-patient unit of the Hospital Ramón y Cajal of Madrid across a period of eight years, those who received a diagnosis of personality disorder according to the axis II of DSM-III or DSM-III-R were selected. We analyzed the patterns of comorbidity between axis I and II, length of the admission, the percentage of readmissions and general variables as age and sex. 17.35% of the patients admitted for the first time and 27.03% of those readmitted received a clinical diagnosis of personality disorder. The most frequent disorders were: unspecified, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive and dependent. In the 93.81% of the patients admitted for the first time, comorbidity with axis I disorders was found. Cluster A personality disorders were most frequently associated to schizophrenia and delusional disorder, cluster B diagnoses with dystimia and alcohol-related problems and cluster C disorders with depression, dystimia and OCD. The cluster A was the one that presented more frequently without axis I comorbidity (14.28%). Cluster B disorders were associated with a shorter length of the admission but, as the unspecified personality disorder, were readmitted more frequently. We discuss the results and compare them with those obtained by other authors.

Comorbidity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Progress and therapeutic response in the obsessive-compulsive disorder].

The purpose of the present work was to analyze the outcome of patients diagnosed of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) after Hospital discharge from our Unit, focusing on therapeutical efficacy immediately after discharge and in the follow up, searching for good evolution predictors. We have studied 42 patients (26 females and 16 males) diagnosed of OCD according to ICD-9 diagnostic criteria, all patients were hospitalized during a seven years period 1981 and 1988. Therapeutical response was evaluated through a (1-4 punctuation) of a Clinical Global Impression Scale considering the changes from the moment the patient was hospitalized, the day of discharge and in the follow up (mean 4.1 years). 73.8% and 71.4% were considered as treatment "responders" the day discharged and in the follow up respectively. Through a multiple logistic regression, treatment with serotonergic drugs and insidious onset of the illness were identified as short-term treatment response predictors, while the absence of a previous obsessive personality was a long-term therapeutical response predictor. Our results show the efficacy of serotonergic drugs and the tact that the presence of a previous obsessive personality could have a prognostic value in OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychopharmacologic treatment of bulimia nervosa].

Since the inclusion of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) in DSM-III as a nosological entity, it has been a focus of attention in the literature. To the present day several therapeutical approaches have been developed, pharmacological, psychological either separated or combined with diverse results. We have studied 20 patients diagnosed of BN according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, from a psychopathological, and evolution point of view, the therapeutical response to a fixed daily dose of Fluoxetine 80 mg., during three months, with evaluations on days: 0-14-30-90. The mean age of the sample was 19.5 years; in 70% at the onset of the illness the Anorexia Nervosa symptomatology was prominent; there was a predominance of affective-obsessive previous personality traits in 60%, 100% showed unsatisfied or altered body image. We want to point out the quick improvement of various parameters such as: the constant eating desire, the binge eating episodes, the vomiting, the misuse of laxatives and the affective and anxious symptomatology. We compare our results with previous studies and make a review of the literature on this topic, we also give an efficacy profile of the different psychopharmacological drugs used in the treatment of eating disorders and a clinical guide to identify those patients who could improve with a psychopharmacological treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A prospective study of patient with schizophreniform disorder: a nosological dilemma?].

We study retrospectively 42 inpatients of the psychiatry department of the Ramón y Cajal Hospital, through a period between 1st January of 1988 and the 31st December 1993. All of them were diagnosed at discharge of schizophreniform disorder according to DSM-III R diagnostic criteria and it was in all of them the index episode of the psychosis. Sociodemographic, clinical, evolutive, and therapeutical variables are analyzed. We made a new assessment of the patients in the sample during April 1994 through a direct interview. The mean follow-up period was 4.18 years. The main results were: A predominance of male/female proportion (2/1), nearly half of the sample had emotional or psychosocial stressors previous to the episode. Previous schizoid personality traits were found in 57.1%. 11.9% had first degree relatives antecedents of schizophrenia and 19% of non-bipolar affective disorders. At follow-up 40.4% needed to be hospitalized again. It is noteworthy that 80.9% were rediagnosed during follow-up as schizophrenia.

Adult↗