Urea determination using pH-enzyme electrode.
A pH-membrane electrode with n-tridodecylamine (TDDA) as the hydrogen-ion-selective ionophore was used for the construction of a potentiometric biosensor for urea determination. The electrode was enzymatically modified by covalent binding of urease molecules directly to the surface of the potentiometric membrane. Incorporation of the urea biosensor into simple double-channel flow injection analysis (FIA) system allows reproducible urea determination in a millimolar range of concentration. The utility and limitations of the presented biosensor-FIA system for analysis of various real samples has been investigated. The system can be useful for some biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as analyses of urine, posthaemodialysis fluid and extracts from pharmaceutical ointments containing urea.