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Biomedical subjects

A Claflin

Publications and source records attributed to A Claflin.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Selection of therapeutic agents for intraocular proliferative disease. Cell culture evaluation.

A variety of antimetabolites, steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were tested for their ability to inhibit rabbit dermal and conjunctival fibroblast proliferation in cell culture. Doxorubicin hydrochloride and fluorouracil produced notable inhibition in concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Meclofenamate sodium and indomethacin produced notable inhibition at concentrations of 11 and 40 mg/L, respectively. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate and triamcinolone acetonide produced inhibition at 200 and 150 mg/L, respectively, but paradoxically increased proliferation almost two-fold at concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 mg/L under identical culture conditions. Methotrexate sodium demonstrated only limited effectiveness. This assay system may be a useful approach to drug selection in the treatment of a variety of ocular proliferative disorders. Fluorouracil may prove to be of significant value in the treatment of intraocular proliferative disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. VIII. A glycoprotein from sheep erythrocytes with sialic acid-dependent receptor properties.

A glycoprotein was solubilized from sheep erythrocyte membranes with hot aqueous ethanol. The glycoprotein was purified by phosphocellulose chromatography, ethanol precipitation, lipid solvent extraction, and DEAE chromatography. In water solution the glycoprotein existed as globular aggregates with a diameter of 7.1 +/- 2.2 nm. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 80% of the material exhibited a subunit m.w.app of 27,000. Approximately 10% of the material had a m.w.app of only 9000 and another 10% had a m.w.app of 35,000. All three fractions were reactive with Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody from the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis and with Limulus polyphemus lectin. These activities were destroyed by neuraminidase treatment. Complete inhibition of the rosetting of sheep red blood cells by 4 X 10(5) human peripheral blood lymphocytes was seen at 100 to 200 micrograms glycoprotein/ml. Neuraminidase-treated glycoprotein was not inhibitory. Pronase-derived sialoglycopeptide was inhibitory. Most likely, the receptor for lymphocytes resides in the carbohydrate portion of the glycoprotein. By using 125I-glycoprotein, binding studies were carried out that yielded an estimate of approximately 2 X 10(5) binding sites for sheep erythrocyte glycoprotein per lymphocyte. Purified glycoprotein contained 44.4% amino acid. Carbohydrate components and their molar ratios were sialic acid (1.0): galactose (1.0):N-acetylglucosamine (1.3): N-acetylgalactosamine (1.2).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Aqueous humor changes after experimental filtering surgery.

We studied aqueous humor of rhesus and owl monkeys for its effect on the growth of subconjunctival fibroblasts in tissue culture. Aqueous humor samples obtained before glaucoma surgery inhibited the initiation of growth of fibroblasts. However, postoperative aqueous humor samples supported growth of fibroblasts. The change in aqueous humor physiology lasted for up to two months after glaucoma surgery. Our study indicated that possibly material added to the postoperative aqueous humor inactivates an inhibitor normally present in primary aqueous humor. An alternative explanation would be that primary aqueous humor, in contrast to secondary aqueous humor, lacks sufficient nutrient material to support fibroblast growth in tissue culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Intravitreal autotransplantation of fibroblasts.

Tissue cultured skin fibroblasts autotransplanted into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes formed intravitreal strands that grew toward the medullary ray and optic nerve head and caused preretinal puckers and traction detachment. After four weeks, 32 of 51 eyes (63%) developed these changes. Light and electron microscopy revealed initial cell death. Remaining cells aligned themselves quickly into strands and began to multiply as shown by tritiated thymidine methyl incorporation. The appearance of cells that resemble myofibroblasts may explain the contractability of the strand. Because the effect of intraocular proliferation can be quantitated by the number of puckers and retinal detachments developing, this model may be useful for the study of therapeutic means to reduce intraocular proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Endocrine manipulation of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The Dunning animal model was used to evaluate endocrine management of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hypophysectomy, alone or in combination, and orchiectomy plus stilbestrol were the most effective means of suppressing tumor growth. Medical adrenalectomy by aminoglutethimide administration was as effective as surgical ablation. Accessary organ weights bore no direct relationship to the inhibition of tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Further experience with chemotherapy in the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma.

A number of chemotherapeutic agents, including L-asparaginase, actinomycin D, chloroethylcyclohexy-nitrosourea, 5-flourouracil, cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea, cis-platinum, adriamycin and methotrexate, alone and in combination and at variable dose levels, were applied against the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma-subline G. We found a continuing parallel between responses of the human and rat tumors and conclude that the usefulness of this animal model as a screening system for agents against the human tumor is further supported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Chemotherapy of the transplantable adenocarcinoma (R-3327) of the Copenhagen rat.

A number of therapeutic agents including L-asparaginase, Actinomycin-D, CCNU, Hydroxyurea, 5-FU, Cis-platinum, Cyclophosphamide, orchiectomy, Adriamycin and DES alone and in various combinations has been applied against the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma subline G. We have found a parallel between the results of this study and those of similar therapeutic application to the human tumor. We conclude that this animal model may prove to be a useful screening system for agents against human prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗