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Biomedical subjects

A Cochrane

Publications and source records attributed to A Cochrane.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fibrosing mediastinitis with coronary artery involvement.

This case report describes a patient with chronic fibrosing mediastinitis involving the entire intrapericardial aorta, innominate artery, and the base of the heart with involvement of the proximal segments of the coronary arteries. This finding was unsuspected before emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. Coronary stenosis due to fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare complication of fibrosing mediastinitis. Owing to the extensive fibrosis, the normal bypass, cardiac preservation, and revascularization techniques required alteration and are discussed.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

Detection and characterization of degradative intermediates of avian apo very low density lipoprotein II mRNA present in estrogen-treated birds and following destabilization by hormone withdrawal.

The apo very low density lipoprotein II (apoVLDLII) gene is dormant in embryos, chicks, and roosters but can be activated by estrogen. ApoVLDLII mRNA is relatively stable in estrogen-treated birds. However, its stability decreases 4-5-fold following withdrawal of hormone. We have characterized degradative intermediates of apoVLDLII mRNA detected in liver total RNA from estrogen-treated birds and searched for alterations in the pattern of intermediates that occur upon hormone-withdrawal. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analyses have demonstrated that these intermediates consist of fragments of the molecule with intact 5' ends but which lack various 3' regions. Estrogen withdrawal results in a decrease in the steady state levels of several of these intermediates and the detection of two new species. The end points of the major fragments present in RNA from both estrogen-treated and withdrawn birds all map in, or within four nucleotides of, the tetranucleotide, GAUG. The two fragments detected only in RNA from withdrawn birds have 3' ends that immediately precede the sequence, CAGU. Based on secondary structures predicted by a global folding program, the end points also appear to be preferentially located in, or at the base of, internal "bulge-loops".

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The human immunodeficiency virus rev protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein.

The human Immunodeficiency virus rev protein is one of several key regulatory proteins involved in the control of viral structural protein synthesis and replication. In this report, we identify the 20-kDa rev protein as a nuclear phosphoprotein. Post-translational modification was observed solely on serine residues. In vitro kinase reactions utilizing a derivative of Rev purified from Escherichia coli identified a nuclear kinase capable of phosphorylating exogenously added rev protein. Our results suggest that the nuclear kinase activity observed in vitro is likely to be responsible for the in vivo post-translational modification of Rev.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Long-term effects of estrogen on avian liver: estrogen-inducible switch in expression of nuclear, hormone-binding proteins.

The stimulation of chicks or embryos with estrogen results in transient, hepatic expression of the vitellogenin gene, as well as long-term, propagatable alterations in the rapidity with which the gene can be reactivated. We examined the possibility that nuclear, type II estrogen-binding sites are involved in this long-term change in response characteristics. We demonstrate that the primary induction kinetics of type II sites in embryos and chicks correlated with the expression of the vitellogenin gene and that once their induction was triggered by estrogen, they accumulated, were propagated, and persisted for months after withdrawal of the hormone. We also show that their accumulation in the embryo was accompanied by prolonged expression of both the vitellogenin and very low-density apolipoprotein II genes, in the absence of elevated levels of type I receptor, and that the type II sites, like the classical receptor, appear to be preferentially associated with active or potentially active chromatin. Finally, we describe a regulatory mechanism, tested by computer modelling, that simulated the behavioral characteristics of these nuclear estrogen-binding sites and which may explain their role in mediating the long-term effects of estrogen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Circumsporozoite gene of plasmodium cynomolgi (Gombak):cDNA cloning and expression of the repetitive circumsporozoite epitope.

We report the identification, sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite (CS) gene of Plasmodium cynomolgi (Gombak), a simian malaria parasite. This epitope is encoded by a DNA sequence that is tandemly repeated 10 times in the cDNA clone. Subclones that contain and express only repeats and in variable number have been constructed. We show that the binding of a specific anti-CS protein monoclonal antibody correlates positively with the number of repeats in each subclone. The CS gene of another strain of P. cynomolgi (NIH) encodes an immunodominant epitope that is immunologically distinct from that of the Gombak strain. We present evidence that these two CS genes share extensive overall homology, although the nucleotide sequences that encode the epitopes appear to be unrelated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Common pulmonary vein atresia: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Following Doppler echocardiographic evaluation, a 16 hour-old infant underwent successful surgical repair of common pulmonary vein atresia. Investigations for prolonged postoperative ventilatory assistance, including cardiac catheterization and computerized tomography, led to a clinical diagnosis of associated pulmonary lymphangiectasia. Although this has caused continuing tachypnoea, at 16 months of age, he remains otherwise well but with an uncertain prognosis.

Cardiac Catheterization↗