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Biomedical subjects

A Cook

Publications and source records attributed to A Cook.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Sites of suicidal gunshot wounds.

Two hundred twenty-six suicides by firearms were analyzed to determine the entrance wound site. Overall, the head was the most favored site, accounting for 75% of the wounds; specifically, the right temple accounted for 39% of the wounds. The data were further examined in terms of specific weapon types. In the case of handguns, the preference for the temple was even more prominent, with this site accounting for nearly two thirds of the wounds. With long guns the predominance of head wounds was less pronounced but still present. Correlations with sex and age showed no significant difference in choice of site but did show differences in selection of gunshot as the means of suicide. Correlations of site with handedness showed that most individuals held true to form but that a significant proportion (8%) inflicted their wounds on the other side. Finally, three cases of suicide by multiple gunshots are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Childhood lymphoma in southern Iran.

A study of 81 childhood lymphomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of Pahlavi University Medical Center, Shiraz, Iran, encompassing all histologically diagnosed childhood lymphomas from the Fars Province, Southern Iran over a 14-year period (1963--1976) revealed a 3:1 male predominance and a 1:4 frequency compared to adult lymphomas. Peripheral lymphadenopathy at the initial physical examination was almost twice as common as deep node involvement. Comparison of cumulative and age-standardized (to world population) incidence rates with those of selected Tumor Registries in various continents revealed a higher rate in our region of both non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma relative to some of the Western countries. Our incidence rates were in general intermediate between Western populations on one hand and some South America, African and Asian populations on the other. Hodgkin's disease accounted for 64% (males) and 88% (females) of lymphomas and mixed cellularity was the commonest histologic subtype. Histologically almost all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were diffuse at the time of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A familial neuronal disease presenting as intestinal pseudoobstruction.

The purpose of this paper is to describe 2 siblings who had a generalized neurological disease which presented as intestinal pseudoobstruction. The siblings had 40-year histories of abdominal pain, distention, and vomiting as well as gait ataxia, small, irregular, poorly reactive pupils, dysarthria, absent deep tendon reflexes, and impaired vibratory and position senses. Compared with age-matched controls, they had inappropriate blood pressure responses to phenylephrine, the Valsalva maneuver, and upright posture, lack of sweating on warming, and pupillary denervation hypersensitivity. Radiographs revealed hyperactive, nonpropulsive contractions of a dilated esophagus and small intestine and extensive colonic diverticulosis. Esophageal manometry recorded repetitive, spontaneous, nonperistaltic waves and positive Mechyolyl tests. Postmortem examinations showed degeneration of the myenteric plexuses of the esophagus, small intestine, and colon of both patients. Myenteric plexus neurons were significantly reduced in number compared with 7 controls. About one-third of the siblings' neurons contained round, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, which, by histochemistry, were composed of protein by lacked RNA, DNA, carbohydrate, and fat. By electron microscopy the inclusions consisted of an irregular array of nonviral, nonmembrane-bounded filaments. Neurons and glial cells of the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root, and celiac plexus ganglia contained identical intranuclear inclusions. Intestinal smooth muscle was normal. These 2 siblings represent a unique disease in which degeneration of the myenteric plexus resulted in hyperactive but uncoordinated smooth muscle activity and the clinical syndrome of intestinal pseudoobstruction, the presenting manifestation of their neurological disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1975

The attractiveness to males of female Drosophila melanogaster: effects of mating, age and diet.

Decapitated females were used to examine the attractiveness to males (duration of courtship elicited) of female Drosophila melanogaster. Decapitated females show but few behavioural responses. The attractiveness of virgin females varied with age, being at a maximum on the day of eclosion, and declining thereafter. Even though decapitated inseminated females do not extrude their genitalia they received less courtship than decapitated virgin females. In protein-fed inseminated females attractiveness to males returned in parallel with sexual receptivity. A sucrose diet rendered both virgin and inseminated decapitated females more attractive to males, but did not prevent the change in attractiveness due to mating. The ejaculate and ovarian activation are suggested as causal factors in these processes.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-stranded cyclic oligonucleotides with non-nucleotide bridges.

A series of double-stranded, cyclic oligodeoxynucleotides with non-nucleotide bridges have been synthesized, and their physicochemical properties and susceptibility to enzymes have been investigated. These bridged duplexes are of potential interest for their binding properties to transcription factors and other DNA-binding proteins. Triethylene glycol has been employed as the bridge to alter the lipophilicity of the duplex and avoid the potential for enzymatic cleavage. The synthetic route involved the synthesis of a 3'-phosphorylated, nicked double-stranded precursor with the final internucleotide bond being formed chemically using a water soluble carbodiimide. These bridged duplexes have high thermal dissociation temperatures, and the Tm for a triethylene-bridged 20 base pair duplex was higher than that for the corresponding pentathymidylate-bridged duplex. EcoR I endonuclease cleaved a ligated, bridged duplex at a slower rate than the corresponding unmodified duplex, whereas the unligated, bridged duplex was cleaved more rapidly. Sufficient amounts of the bridged octamer and dodecamer were prepared for proton NMR spectroscopic studies, and 2D COSY and NOESY spectra were obtained. The results indicate that the ligated duplex has a B-form conformation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Poison in the mouth.

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Dental Amalgam↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcirculatory obstruction in focal cerebral ischemia: albumin and erythrocyte transit.

The objectives were to study plasma and erythrocyte flow in an area of acute focal cerebral ischemia and define their relationship to developing microcirculatory obstruction as determined by morphological techniques. Eighteen adult cats, anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride, had right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Plasma flow was determined by measuring the transit of Iodine-131 (131I) albumin and erythrocyte flow was determined by measuring the transit of Technetium-99 (99Tc) labeled erythrocytes in the right Sylvian region. Transit studies were performed before and immediately after right MCA occlusion and at the end of the ischemic period, 1 hour, 3 hours, or 6 hours after occlusion. Intra-arterial perfusion with a buffered formaldehyde - colloidal carbon solution was carried out after completion of the isotope studies. Swelling of cerebral tissue and impaired carbon filling in the right MCA territory were seen initially after 3 hours occlusion and were more severe after 6 hours occlusion. Ischemic neuronal alterations, edema formation, and capillary luminal narrowing increased with longer periods of occlusion. 131I albumin transit time in the right Sylvian region was 8 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 10 +/- 2 seconds immediately after occlusion. 99Tc erythrocyte transit time was 10 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 12 +/- 3 seconds immediately after occlusion. 99Tc erythrocyte transit time was 10 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 12 +/- 3 seconds immediately after occlusion. Transit times increased progressively with longer periods of occlusion in cats developing cortical ischemic changes. No evidence of complete microcirculatory obstruction to albumin and erythrocyte transit was seen in cats with 6 hours of occlusion despite the impaired filling of the cortical microcirculation with carbon. There were no findings to substantiate the hypothesis that plasmapheresis develops during the early phases of cerebral infarction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isomerism of the atrial appendages in the fetus.

Thirty hearts from fetuses with visceral heterotaxy were examined to determine the range of cardiac malformations. By examining the morphology of the atrial appendages, 20 hearts were identified as having left isomerism (67%) and 10 hearts right isomerism (33%). Fifteen of the hearts with left isomerism had biventricular atrioventricular connections and five had univentricular atrioventricular connections. All 10 hearts with right isomerism had biventricular atrioventricular connections. Flow to the pulmonary arteries was obstructed or occluded in 6 hearts with left isomerism (30%) and 7 hearts with right isomerism (70%). Obstruction to aortic flow was present in 4 hearts with left isomerism (20%). Anomalies of the systemic and pulmonary veins were common in both groups. The suprarenal portion of the inferior caval vein was interrupted in 11 hearts with left isomerism (55%) and 1 heart with right isomerism (10%). Atrioventricular septal defect was present in 13 hearts with left isomerism (65%) and 9 hearts with right isomerism (90%). The arrangement of the liver or stomach in each group was not consistent, nor was the status of the spleen. The constellations of cardiac malformations in both groups corresponded to those known in postnatal life and similar guidelines for their identification were applicable.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Who's to blame?

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗