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Biomedical subjects

A Cosenzi

Publications and source records attributed to A Cosenzi.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Arterial hypertension and the kidney in pregnancy].

Hypertension complicates approximately 10 per cent of all pregnancies and accounts for 20% of all maternal deaths. Blood pressure normally decreases in the first trimester of pregnancy, secondary to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, reaches its lowest point in the second trimester and then gradually increases to or near pregravid levels at term. Normal pregnant women develop vascular resistance to the pressor effect of angiotensin II, which is precociously lost in women who develop gestational hypertension. Prostaglandins seem to be involved in the development of this vascular refractoriness. An acute and reversible lesion--defined "Glomerular endotheliosis"--has been described as the basic pathologic pattern of pre-eclamptic nephropathy, although gestational hypertension can be superimposed on undiagnosed essential hypertension or any of a variety of renal diseases. The primary goal when treating gestational hypertension is successful termination of the pregnancy with the least trauma to mother and fetus. Antihypertensive drugs could be administered to prolong pregnancy when this is considered desirable, although pharmacological therapy of gestational hypertension remains a subject for dispute, because of the lack of closely controlled studies. Hydralazine and methyldopa are drugs with a long history of use in gestational hypertension. Beta-blockers have been shown to be as effective as methyldopa. Clinical experience with nifedipine is limited, but controlled clinical trials, currently in progress, suggest its suitability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

ACE inhibitors: antihypertensive treatment and renal function.

Much clinical evidence supports the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) as the first-step drugs in the treatment of essential hypertension. The acute and chronic effects of ACE-I on renal function are reviewed in this paper. The kidney is an important target organ of essential hypertension and some antihypertensive drugs have been shown to decrease renal haemodynamic parameters. In hypertensives with normal renal function, ACE-I were demonstrated to be safe drugs: after acute and chronic administration of these drugs, the drop in blood pressure was accompanied by unchanged or increased GFR and RPF, with decreased renal vascular resistance. Only in patients with renovascular hypertension, with bilateral stenosis or solitary kidney, was there a deterioration in renal function.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1989

[Correlations between calciuria and systolic arterial pressure in young normotensive subjects with family history of hypertension].

Many experimental evidences suggest an important role of calcium in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension; an increased calciuria could be a feature of these patients. Provocative tests, such as cold pressor test or aerobic exercise, have been proposed to be predictive for the occurrence of essential hypertension. Aim of this study has been to show a relation between sodium, calcium and potassium urinary excretion and blood pressure response to provocative tests in young normotensives with a positive parental history for essential hypertension. The subjects of the study were 59 young normotensive volunteers, 30 with a positive and 29 with a negative parental history for essential hypertension. All subjects underwent a cold pressor test and a maximal aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometer; blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before, during and after the tests by means of an automatic device. An overnight urine collection allowed the evaluation of sodium, potassium and calcium excretion. There was no difference between the two groups as to blood pressure response to provocative tests or to urinary electrolyte excretion. Only in subjects with a positive parental history for essential hypertension there was linear correlation between calcium urinary excretion and systolic blood pressure, both baseline and exercise-induced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative assessment of arterial blood pressure and body composition in athletes practicing physical culture and in obese subjects].

The relationship between body weight excess and hypertension has been widely demonstrated. Some body-builders can reach an important body weight excess because of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy; their body mass index is comparable to that of obese subjects, although body fat excess is responsible for overweight in the latter. Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, Na+, K+, Ca++ urinary excretion have been compared in three groups of young males: 1. body builders with BMI greater than 27; 2. obese subjects with BMI greater than 27; 3. normal subjects with BMI less than 25. Systolic blood pressure was similar in body-builders and obese and significantly higher than in the control group. Diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were similar in normal subjects and in body-builders and significantly lower than in obese subjects. Although our results confirm the relationship between increased diastolic blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia and body fat excess, the finding of increased systolic blood pressure suggests caution in body-building, because systolic hypertension has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for vascular diseases.

Adult↗