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Biomedical subjects

A Cosme

Publications and source records attributed to A Cosme.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Presentation of 3 cases. Review of the national literature].

Three patients, two male and one female, 42, 64 and 20 years old respectively, with a Dubin-Johnson syndrome are reported. Both men referred jaundice since several years and in the woman's case, the onset of the illness took place during the last term of her second pregnancy. In two patients, liver aspect and it's biopsy were diagnostic. In the other, who was hospitalized because of a myocardial infarction, a hepatic gammagraphy with Tc 99 HIDA was made. No case was associated with biliary lithiasis and only one patient had other members in his family with the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Expression of type 1 blood group precursor in human gastric carcinoma.

The surface epithelium of normal gastric mucosa from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma expressed the type 1 blood group precursor only in Lewis (Le) non-secretor individuals, Le a+b- (se/se, Le/-) and Le a-b- (se/se, le/le). In secretors, the superficial mucosa was negative. Deep areas of the mucosa showed no type 1 precursor regardless of secretor status. Expression of type 1 precursor was anomalously found in neoplastic cells in 14 of 16 Le a-b+ (secretors) patients and in 4 of 5 Le a-b- (secretors) patients. The 1 Le a-b- non-secretor carcinoma expressed type 1 precursor strongly. 6 of 8 Le a+b- non-secretor carcinomas showed positivity for the monoclonal antibody K-21. Thus the type 1 precursor reacted with the non-neoplastic gastric surface of non-secretors but not with those of secretors, and also with most gastric adenocarcinoma regardless of secretor status and Lewis phenotype.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Lewis system alterations in gastric carcinogenesis.

Alterations in the expression of type 1 blood group-related antigens (Lewis a and b) were examined immunohistochemically in 371 consecutives gastric biopsy and 80 surgical specimens from patients of gastric carcinoma. The ABH and Lewis phenotype and secretor status of the patients were correlated with histologic findings. An anomalous expression of Lewis a antigen was found in 88 of 249 gastric biopsy specimens of Lewis (a-b+) phenotype patients. The prevalence of this anomaly increased with the evolution of the premalignant process, in agreement with the commonly accepted model of gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, anomalous Lewis a antigen appeared in 66.6% of gastric dysplasia cases, in 64.6% of intestinal metaplasia, in 15.4% of atrophic gastritis, and in 7.4% of superficial gastritis. No alterations were found in subjects with normal gastric mucosa. Forty-seven of the 49 Lewis (a-b+) phenotype gastric carcinoma patients showed antigenic alterations in tumor cells (anomalous Lewis a antigen in 36 and loss of Lewis antigens in 11). In 26 of these gastric specimens an anomalous Lewis a antigen was present in areas of intestinal metaplasia and/or dysplasia away from the area of neoplastic transformation. The expression of Lewis a antigen in Lewis (a-b+) phenotype patients is a frequent phenomenon in gastric neoplastic cells and could result from the blocked synthesis of Lewis b antigen with accumulation of its precursors. These findings suggest that, during gastric carcinogenesis, antigenic alterations may precede neoplastic transformation. An anomalous Lewis a antigen could constitute a significant index of severity of the histologic lesion and contribute to identifying high-risk individuals.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Laparoscopic findings in liver fascioliasis. Study of 13 cases].

The laparoscopic findings in 13 patients with liver fasciolasis are described. Diagnosis was made in three cases in base of the presence of ova Fasciola Hepatica in the patient's faeces and in 10 cases, because they fulfilled the following conditions: ingestion of fresh watercress, eosinophilic count exceeding 30%, positive serologic tests, eosinophilic granulomas with Charcot-Leyden crystals in liver biopsy and good response to treatment with dihidroemetine or bithionol. Nine cases (68.2%) showed hepatomegaly. In 12 of 13 (92.3%) lesions suggestive of hepatic distomatosis were found. Hepatic nodules of different sizes and shapes could be seen in 10 patients (76.9%), Glisson capsule was involved in five cases (38.4%) and peritoneum in three (23%). The latter was always affected with the liver but, on the other hand, liver capsule was found affected alone in two cases. In our experience, laparoscopy with liver biopsy is an important method for diagnosis of abdominal fasciolasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expression of type 1 and type 2 blood group-related antigens in normal and neoplastic gastric mucosa.

The distribution of the blood group-related antigens type 1 (Lewis(a) [Le(a)], Lewis(b) [Le(b)]) and type 2 (H type 2, Y) has been examined in histologically normal and malignant mucosa of 40 surgical specimens of patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach, with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Patients' Lewis phenotype and secretor status are correlated to the authors' findings. The surface epithelium of normal pyloric and fundic mucosa expressed the Lewis isoantigen (Le(a) in Le[a+b-] phenotype and Le(b) in Le[a-b+] phenotype), whereas the deep areas of this mucosa no showed the Le(a), Le(b) antigens and expressed the Y and H type 2 antigens whatever the secretor status of patients. Nineteen of 24 patients with Le(a-b+) phenotype showed anomalous expression of Lea antigen in neoplastic cells. In three of them, this alteration was found in tumor adjacent mucosa. No expression of Le(a) or Le(b) antigens was found in tumors or normal mucosa from Le(a-b-) phenotype patients.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Expression of Lewis antigenic determinants in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Expression of type 1 and type 2 chain Lewis antigens was studied in 32 rectal adenocarcinoma specimens; the results were correlated with the patients' Lewis phenotype and secretor status. In addition, the pattern of expression of these antigens was analyzed in adjacent and distant normal mucosa. We used an indirect immunofluorescence technique with p-phenylenediamine counterstaining (Oriol technique) and a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against the different antigenic specificities. Normal distal colonic mucosa only expresses monofucosylated structures (Lea and X) arising from activity of the alpha 1-3,4-fucosyltransferase coded by the Le gene. Rectal adenocarcinomas also show Lea and X, but also reexpress blood group antigens ABH and exhibit difucosylated determinants (Leb and Y). The accumulation of mono- and difucosylated type 2 chain in neoplastic processes, independently of the Le and Se genes, could be due to the enzymes coded by reactivation of the H and X genes. Blood group antigens form a complex signal code, genetically regulated, which intervenes in differentiation, growth and cellular recognition processes, and which may undergo important modifications during malignant transformation. These alterations could be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of some types of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Hydatid cyst of the head of the pancreas with spontaneous fistula to the duodenum.

Primary pancreatic hydatidosis is exceptional. Only 12 cases have been reported in Spain up to 1982. In large series of patients with hydatidosis, pancreatic involvement occurs in 0.25% of cases. We describe a 55-yr-old man who was admitted to the hospital because of fever, epigastric pain, and abdominal mass. Endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and computerized tomography revealed a fistula between the duodenum and the pancreatic tumor. At surgical exploration, a primary infected hydatid cyst in the head of the pancreas communicating with the duodenum was encountered. The cyst was removed and drained. We have been unable to find in the literature a review of this form of presentation of pancreatic hydatidosis.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Alcoholism, polyneuropathy, and liver disease. A prospective electrophysiologic study].

A prospective clinical and electrophysiologic study was performed in 50 alcoholic patients in order to assess the incidence and clinical manifestations of alcoholic polyneuropathy, the value of the electrophysiologic parameters studied, and the influence of liver disease on the appearance of neuropathy. The proposed criteria for polyneuropathy were fulfilled by 24% of the patients. Abolition of the Achillean reflexes was the most frequent clinical finding, while reduced amplitude of muscular potential was the most sensitive electrophysiologic parameter. There were no differences in alcohol consumption, frequency of liver disease, and degree of alteration of liver function in cirrhotics between patients with and without polyneuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Choledochal obstruction due to Fasciola hepatica (author's transl)].

A 45-year-old woman was admitted in July, 1976 with an acute cholecystitis without jaundice. She had suffered from hepatic colic without fever, jaundice, diarrhea or allergic episodes for the past 8 years. The physical examination only revealed an elective pain on the cystic point. Laboratory data were unremarkable, except for a 12 percent eosinophils. The cholecystogram showed a cholelithiasis. The lithiasis was confirmed during the surgical operation and a fasciolasis was diagnosed after one and 10-12 parasites had been found into the cystic and common bile duct, respectively. A cholecistectomy and choledochoduodenostomy were performed. The patient was treated with 60 mg dehydroemetine during 10 days and 500 mg chloroquine during the other next 10 days. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica were found in the stool culture. The follow-up examinations 3 months and a year after surgery were completely normal. The national literature on this topic is reviewed and the clinical manifestations and therapy of this disease are commented on.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1979

[Guillain-Barré syndrome associated to a type B acute hepatitis (author's transl)].

A 42-year-old male patient suffers an acute hepatitis with positive HBs Ag and approximately 2 months after its onset, an acute polyneuritis with lessening of conduction velocity and albumino-cytologic dissociation appeared. Both conditions recuperated synchronously in a few months. This association has been only slightly referred to previously, and the majority of cases lacked facts important to the establishment of a diagnosis. The polyneuritis is possibly secondary to the viral alteration, either directly or due to an ensuing immunological alteration. Besides, there is the possibility that a clinical or sub-clinical demyelinizing neuropathy that does not fill the criteria of a Guillain-Barré syndrome may complicate a hepatitis, or that an acute polyneuritis may associate itself to an autoimmune hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗