Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Costanzo.
The authors have determined, using the laser-nephelometric technique, the concentration of IgG in the umbilical cord blood of normal newborns. The results obtained are sufficiently in agreement with literature data, even if there are some differences derived by methods and environmental factors.
The authors have determined, using the laser-nephelometric technique, the concentration of C3c, C4 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the umbilical cord blood of normal newborns. The results obtained are sufficiently in agreement with literature data, even if there are some differences derived by methods and environmental factors.
Syntheses of some pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were performed in order to study the relationship between structural modifications on the parent 4,7-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (1) and their antiinflammatory properties. The modifications carried out were introduction and functionalization of a longer side chain at the 4-position, substitution of the hydrogen atom at the 3-position, and replacement of the phenyl group with a 4-methylphenyl, methyl, or hydrogen substituent. 4-Ethyl-4,7-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3) showed the highest activity and a better therapeutic index than phenylbutazone and indomethacin, used as reference drugs. All other changes at the 3-, 5-, and 6-positions, as well as the replacement of the phenyl group at position 2, caused a marked decrease of activity. Compound 3 was found devoid of ulcerogenic activity and was probably endowed with antiulcerogenic properties.
2-Phenylpryrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine (I) 4,7-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (II) and 4,5-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one (III) are prepared. Because of the interesting antipyretic, hypothermizing and anti-inflammatory properties of some of their derivatives, the above mentioned compounds are used as reference compounds in a Q.S.A.R. study still in progress. Methylation of (II) and (III) with (CH3)2SO4 and CH2N2 gives methylderivatives whose structure is determined by spectroscopic means.
Structures of condensation products between 3-phenyl-5-aminopyrazole and ethyl ethoxymethylenacetoacetate and ethyl acetonoxalate are demonstrated, namely ethyl 2-phenyl-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-carboxylate and ethyl 2-phenyl-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-carboxylate. Studies on antipyretic and hypothermizing activity of the acid derived from the latter and of other compounds are reported.
The synthesis of ethyl 2-phenyl-7-alkyl (or 7-phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate and ethyl 2-phenyl-7-alkyl (or 7-phenyl)pyrazolo[1.5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate are reported. Decarboxylation of the acids, obtained by hydrolysis of the above esters, yields the same compounds. N.M.R. data on the reduction products of the ethyl 6-carboxylate confirm all the assigned structures.
In the course of researches on pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds, methylation reactions with (CH3)2SO4 and CH2N2 are studied. Methylderivatives structure is assigned by means of a spectroscopic investigation. A relationship between the kind of reagent and the methyl group position is stressed.
The synthesis of 1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrazolo [3,4-d] [1,3]thiazine-4,6-dithione is described. By spectroscopic methods the anphionic structure of this and other related compounds is demonstrated. In addition, the action of alkylating reagents upon pyrazolo-[3,4-d] [1,3]thiazine-4,6-dithionic compounds is examined and described. The biological activity of the new synthesized compounds is reported.
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Carotid surgery must be preventive; therefore cerebral protection procedures have been the centre of interest for a decade. Nowadays local cervical block anaesthesia seems to have changed the terms of the problem allowing achieve the aim of "no risk surgery". Therefore we considered our 16 year experience (352 carotids operated on 290 patients). Since 1990 we employed cervical block anaesthesia. In order to ratify as much as possible the two groups of comparison, considering that we adopted some exclusion criteria, we compared the results of the first hundred carotids that underwent surgery with general anaesthesia and the first hundred operated using cervical block anaesthesia. Since we adopted cervical block anaesthesia there was no need of intra-operative monitoring systems because we considered exclusively the patients' clinical answer to preclamping. The use of shunt decreased from 9% to 3%. Surgery performed in cervical block anaesthesia gives a positive impression. This is due to the fact that there is not only a significant reduction of the morbidity rate, especially from a neurologic point of view, but also a reduction of the post-operation hospital stay. Furthermore there is also a better organization of the surgical phases. Direct monitoring of the cerebral function allows a precise analysis of the peri-operatory neurological events. In conclusion our study suggests that cervical block anaesthesia allows clinical benefits for the patient as far as safety is concerned being also more convenient under the economic point of view.
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