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Biomedical subjects

A Craveri

Publications and source records attributed to A Craveri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Anthropometric or ultrasonic measurements in assessment of visceral fat? A comparative study.

The main aim of the study (study 1) was to compare the accuracy of anthropometric and ultrasonic measurements in assessing the amount of visceral adipose tissue. An additional aim (study 2) was to verify ultrasound technique precision. Study 1: using computed tomography (CT) L4-L5 adipose tissue area as a gold standard we compared the accuracy of waist/hip circumference ratio, sagittal diameter and ultrasonic measurements of intra-abdominal depth in assessing the amount of visceral adipose tissue. Study 2: ultrasonic measurements of the intra-abdominal muscle-vertebra distance were made in triplicate by three different operators. In study 1, 24 volunteers were used; body mass index (BMI): 19-43. In study 2, 22 volunteers were used; BMI 20-42. In study 1, ultrasonic measurements of the abdominal depth correlated best with CT visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.89 - 0.91). In study 2, inter-operator and intra-operator mean variation coefficients were about 7% and 5% respectively. We concluded that using a well standardized technique and properly trained operators, ultrasonic measurement of intra-abdominal depth is a valid method in assessing the amount of visceral adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Plasma alanine and lactate concentrations following glucose ingestion in normal and NIDDM subjects.

Conflicting evidence has been reported on the metabolic fate of glucose following oral ingestion. We measured the metabolic pattern of gluconeogenic substrates as alanine, predominantly produced by muscle, and lactate after an oral glucose load in ten normal subjects and in eighteen non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. Neither in normal or NIDDM subjects were significant increases in plasma alanine observed, whereas a significant increase in plasma lactate was observed at 60, 90 and 120 min after a glucose load. Although a similar behaviour in plasma alanine and lactate between normal and NIDDM subjects was found, in NIDDM significantly higher levels of plasma alanine and lactate were found at each time. From these observations we conclude: 1) when glucose is ingested under post-absorptive conditions, since plasma alanine levels do not change concurrently with lactate increase, muscle tissue does not play a predominant role in glucose disposal 2) after an oral glucose load, the pattern of gluconeogenic precursors (alanine and lactate) is similar in normal and NIDDM subjects 3) the main cause of fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia in NIDDM subjects may be due to an overproduction of alanine as well as lactate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in lipid status during pravastatin treatment].

Reduced cholesterolemia lowers the risk of ischemic cardiopathy, especially if LDL cholesterol levels are reduced. Today this effect can be achieved using drugs following the discovery of a new class of molecules: statins are specific inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. These molecules act by modifying the intracellular quota of cholesterol, especially at a hepatocytic level, thus enabling an enhanced expression of those genes responsible for forming receptors for membrane LDL with an increased number of receptors. This leads to a modulation of receptor activity which interferes with LDL uptake, promoting more rapid clearance. The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin when used for long periods in patients with high cholesterol levels, and to compare its activity to that of gemfibrozil.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in morning platelet aggregation in patients with peripheral obliterating arteriopathy after evening administration of picotamide].

Platelets are involved in the progressive pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It has been shown that there is usually an increase in platelet aggregation between 6 and 9 a.m.; in the present study. in 10 patients suffering from chronic occlusive arterial disease, the impedancemetric method was used to evaluate, in whole blood, platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen the day prior to and the day following the evening administration of 300 mg picotamide. Analysis of the data obtained shows, in accordance with the findings of other authors, in increase of platelet aggregation from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. This increase is suppressed by the evening administration of the anti-aggregant.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pravastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia].

Hypercholesterolemia can be a risk factor which engenders coronary heart disease. Today, it seems certain that lowering the cholesterolemia reduces this risk, especially if this reduction is referred to the cholesterol which is linked to the low density lipoprotein, called LDL. It has been demonstrated that the principle way to remove the LDL is by getting it into the hepatocyte through a specific membrane receptor, the research, therefore, has been developed with the aim of pharmacologically modifying the quota of intercellular cholesterol and consequently, in the modulation of the receptivity function by the interference of the LDL uptake, assisting a faster clearance. We can identify a new class of pharmacological drugs, that are the specific inhibitors of the HMGCoA reductase, fundamental enzime in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. This group of inhibitors has recently been enriched by the addition of a new molecule pravastatin. Our task has been to confirm the effectiveness and tolerability of pravastatin, administered for a prolonged period to patients with high levels of cholesterolemia; we have compared it with gemfibrozil, a well-known medicine which has hypocholesterolemic effects. In conclusion, our work, whilst emphasising the expediency of ipolipidic treatment, has undoubtedly proved, that 40 mg of pravastatin in a single evening dose, shows a high degree of efficiency, without side effects. Due to these factors, we can also say that pravastatin prevents, or really induces the regression, of atheroscherotic disease.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Platelet aggregation in whole blood with the impedance method in subjects with non-complicated essential arterial hypertension].

Arterial hypertension is considered a major risk factor in atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of which platelet activity plays a fundamental role. However the data in the literature on platelet function in arterial hypertension do not always agree. The present study was conducted on whole blood, using the impedance metering technique to assess platelet aggregation induced by ADP (10 pg) and collagen (2 mg/ml) in 15 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and 25 healthy controls. Analysis of the data shows a statistically significant difference between the aggregation curves of the hypertensive and the healthy subjects with excessive platelet aggregation in those suffering from uncomplicated arterial hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Platelet aggregation in whole blood and prostacyclin in hyperlipemia types II and IV].

Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Prostacyclin is a strong physiological inhibitor of platelets aggregation; prostacyclin indeed is involved in the regulation of platelet interactions with vessel walls and is considered to play a major role in the homeostatic balance. The impedance aggregometry allows the evaluation of platelet aggregation in whole blood. We valued platelet aggregation in whole blood induced by ADP (10 microM) in 40 healthy subjects and in 40 type II and type IV hyperlipemic subjects. Meanwhile by radioimmunoassay we dosed 6-keto PGF1 alpha, a stable product of prostacyclin, in 7 healthy subjects and in 33 hyperlipemic subjects. The statistical investigation put in evidence that at higher plasmatic levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL correspond a greater platelet sensitivity to the aggregating agent, while the opposite happens to higher levels of HDL. The dosage of 6-keto PGF1 alpha put in evidence an increase of this substance in hyperlipemic as to healthy subjects, probably as an answer to augmented platelet aggregation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Platelet aggregation in whole blood and thromboxane B2 in type II and IV hyperlipidemia].

Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; by impedance method we valued in whole blood platelet aggregation induced by collagen in 40 healthy subjects and in 40 type II and type IV hyperlipemic subjects. Meanwhile by radioimmunoassay we dosed thromboxane B2, a stable product of thromboxane A2, released by platelets during activation, in 7 healthy subjects and 25 hyperlipemic subjects. The statistical investigation put in evidence that at higher plasmatic levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL correspond a greater platelet sensitivity to the aggregating agent, while the opposite happens to higher levels of HDL. The dosage of thromboxane B2 put in evidence a moderate increase in hyperlipemic as to healthy subjects, probably pointing to a state of platelet activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hemorrheologic disorders of red cells in subjects at risk for atherosclerosis].

Cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, are all known risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Often they are associated with alterations mainly due to increased haematocrit (smoking) or to the influence of triglycerides and cholesterol on the erythrocyte membrane or plasma viscosity. In order to eliminate these factors, washed red blood cells, poor in leucocytes and platelets, in a suspension with phosphate saline buffer were studied. 20 heavy smokers, 40 patients with hyperlipidaemia (26 II a or b; 14 IV) and 50 healthy people were considered. Red blood cell viscosity was calculated at 4 shear rate between 0.37 and 69.5 sec-1. Red blood cell deformability, as an indicator of cell filtration through Nucleopore membranes was also studied. There was no difference in the filtration index among the subjects under study. Red blood cell viscosity increased in smokers and in patients with hyperlipidaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hemorrheologic disorders in obese patients. Study of the viscosity of the blood, erythrocytes, plasma, fibrinogen and the erythrocyte filtration index].

Risk factors for atherosclerosis are often associated with haemorheological changes. On this point, obesity (recently advocated as an independent risk factor) was not much studied and with not univocal results. We have studied 70 obese patients (BMI greater than 30) and 50 healthy subjects (BMI less than 25). Among obese 26 had no more pathologies, 29 had hypertension, 3 suffered from ischemic heart disease, 3 suffered from occlusive arteriopathy, 9 were hyperlipidemic, 10 were smokers. We determined plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity (at haematocrit corrected to 45% too). Washed erythrocytes, poor in leucocytes and platelets and resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were used for study of erythrocyte viscosity and deformability. Obese patients showed raised mean blood viscosity values when compared to healthy controls (p less than 0.01); an even more significant increase (p less than 0.001) was found concerning plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Erythrocyte viscosity and red blood cell filterability index did not show any significant difference. We found no significant correlation between viscosity values and presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking habit among obese. In conclusion, the higher vasculopathy incidence might be caused by an increase in blood viscosity, mostly due to plasmatic component. This fact appears to be independent from the presence of atherosclerosis complications or other risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Increase in erythrocyte and plasma viscosity in patients with atherosclerotic vasculopathy of different sites].

Peripheral atherosclerotic arteriopathies are characterised by increased blood viscosity and, according to some, by a reduction in red blood cell deformability. Red blood cell viscosity was studied in 40 atherosclerosic patients (14 carotid and 26 aortoiliacofemoral lesions). All patients were subjected to the standard diagnostic examination (Doppler velocimetry, etc.). Fifty healthy non-smokers of the same sex and 20 heavy smokers were studied as controls. The viscosity of the whole blood, and plasma and blood fibrinogen were assayed. In studying erythrocyte viscosity, cells poor in leucocytes and platelets suspended in a saline phosphate buffer were employed. The atherosclerotic patients presented significantly higher mean levels of erythrocyte viscosity (p less than 0.01) and the increase in plasma viscosity and blood fibrinogen was also statistically significant. The viscosity of the whole blood was also increased in these patients (p less than 0.001). The increase in blood viscosity in subjects with peripheral arteriopathies therefore appears to be attributable to the plasma and to rheological alterations in the red blood cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Blood, plasma, erythrocyte viscosity and index of erythrocyte filtration in subjects with hyperlipemia].

40 hyperlipidaemic patients (26 type II a and b, 14 type IV) and 50 healthy controls were studied. The patients were not suffering from any other pathology of note and were under no drug treatment. Blood viscosity at natural Ht and at Ht 45% and plasma viscosity were measured. Red blood cell viscosity and deformability was studied on washed red cells, poor in leucocytes and platelets and suspended in a saline phosphate buffer. The patients with hyperlipidaemia had blood viscosity higher than healthy people. Red blood cell and plasma viscosity were higher in subjects with hyperlipidaemia. There was no difference in the filtration index between the people under study. The increased blood viscosity found in people with hyperlipidaemia appears to be attributable to changes in both the plasma and the erythrocytes.

Adult↗