PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A D Egorov

Publications and source records attributed to A D Egorov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Some problems of space medicine].

The paper discusses the problems to be resolved by space medicine and the main stages in the development of this branch of science, beginning with the vertical launches of rockets and ending with the flights of orbital stations. On the basis of ground-based simulation experiments and real space flights it presents a classification of the major symptomocomplexes that may occur inflight. The paper describes the main stages of adaptation to weightlessness and physiological changes in the weightless state. The paper also outlines further pathways in the development of space medicine.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical studies during flights of "Soiuz-12", "Soiuz-13", "Soiuz-14" space ships and "Saliut-3" orbital station].

Medical results obtained during missions of the Soyuz-12, Soyuz-13, Soyuz-14 spacecraft and the Salyut-3 orbital station are presented. The subjective feelings of the crewmembers (blood rush to the head, chest congestion, vegetative disturbances, etc), data of the inflight medical control and medical experiments as well as countermeasures used are described in detail. Results of postflight medical examinations at rest and using functional tests are also summarized. It is concluded that no abnormalities in the vital physiological functions of the crews developed inflight. The symptoms typical of the acute period of adaptation to weightlessness disappeared completely after the first flight days.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Theoretical aspects of developing a system of medical control in space flights].

The paper presents theortical approaches to the medical control system in prolonged space flights. It classifies the most probable states in long-term weightlessness. The main symptoms of these states are described. On the basis of this classification methods and parameters to be used in diagnosis of symptoms that may occur in space flights are discussed.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of medical studies in relation to the program of the second space flight on the orbital complex "Mir"].

In 1987, the USSR cosmonauts Y. V. Romanenko (326 days), A. I. Laveikin (approximately 176 days), and A. P. Alexandrov (approximately 160 days) made a space mission on Mir. (A. I. Laveikin showed specific cardiovascular responses to exercise tests and was therefore replaced with A. P. Alexandrov). The most important medical result of this mission was that Yu. V. Romanenko, who remained in orbit for 3 months longer than anyone before, working intensively, did not exhibit any changes that were qualitatively different from those observed in previous long-duration space flights. The health status and work performance of other crewmembers were also good, although each of them showed individual responses. The postflight recovery period went smooth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Review of main medical results of a one-year manned space mission on "Mir"].

The objective of medical investigations during and after the 366-day manned mission was to accumulate information about human responses to long-term effects of microgravity. To do this, cardiovascular and other systems were examined in detail during and after exposure. The results gave evidence that the crewmembers well adapted to the long-term flight effects. Their good health condition and high work capacity were supported by adequate medical procedures. Postflight readaptation developed similarly to what was seen after previous flights of shorter duration (6-11 months). No qualitatively new changes in the physiological systems were detected during or after this mission.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical studies during an 8-month flight on the orbital complex "Saliut-7"--"Soiuz-T"].

This paper presents medical results obtained in a Salyut-7 8-month manned mission in which a physician-cosmonaut took part. The results include body mass and height measurements, vestibular studies, cardiovascular studies at rest and in response to staged functional loads (with echocardiographic examinations accentuated), metabolic and hormonal studies. The paper also gives information about medical aspects of extravehicular activities. It is emphasized that during the mission both old and new methods of research were used and medical results of preceding flights were considered.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical studies concerning the program of long-term manned space flights on "Saliut-7"-"Soiuz-T" orbital complex].

During 1982-1986 the orbital complex Salyut-7--Soyuz-T was visited by six long-term (from 65 to 237 days) principal crews and five short-term (from 8 to 12 days) visiting crews. Many medical investigations were performed during those missions, especially during the longest 237-day flight in which a physician-cosmonaut took part. The objective of the investigations was to accumulate new data and complementary information about physiological responses to microgravity. The methods and procedures used were in part the techniques, which were employed in previous missions but modified to meet specific requirements, and in part new techniques such as echocardiography for cardiovascular measurements, various loading tests, sensory tests, and blood and urine biochemistry.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Central and regional hemodynamics in long space flights].

This paper presents the results of studying central and regional hemodynamics in short-term (7 days) and long-term (65-237 days) space mission onboard Salyut-6--Soyuz and Salyut-7--Soyuz using the method of tetrapolar rheography. During space flights circulation changes were observed: variations in pulse blood filling and tone of regional vessels (head, forearm, leg) and insignificant changes of stroke volume and cardiac output. In response to exercise tests the contribution of stroke volume to cardiac output decreased and that of the chronotropic function of the heart increased. These changes were induced by variations in the hemodynamic status of the human body and were, to a certain extent, dependent on flight duration and position of the vascular area relative to the heart. The changes suggested that the circulation system retained its adaptive capabilities in flights of 237 days in duration.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phenomenology and mechanisms of changes in the basic functions of the human body in weightlessness].

In the course of the space era the duration of manned flights increased from 108 minutes to 326 days. During the flights a large number of biomedical investigations were carried out to study the phenomenology and mechanisms of space flight effects on the human body. It was demonstrated that exposure to microgravity produced most significant changes. Short-term effects include space adaptation syndrome changes associated with fluid shifts and changes in movement coordination. Long-term effects involve various changes in the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, metabolism and its regulation, endocrine system, blood and immunity system. This paper describes symptom-complexes that are consistently observed in space flight, discusses mechanisms of changes and adaptation of vital physiological systems, and outlines main periods of changes during and after flight.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of cardiodynamics in long-term weightlessness].

This paper presents data on the phasic structure of the cardiac cycle of the left ventricle of cosmonauts who flew for 96 to 237 days on Salyut-6-Soyuz and Salyut-7-Soyuz. Cardiodynamic changes at rest that developed largely during the first month of flight involved a mild preload syndrome. During flight months 2 to 8 the cardiac function became relatively stabilized. Provocative tests, i. e. LBNP and exercise tests, presented inflight modified the relationship between cardiac cycle phases when compared to the Earth observations. The modifications are suggestive of predominant adrenergic effects on the heart. Analysis of the phasic structure of the cardiac cycle has revealed no cardiovascular deconditioning. All the variations can be regarded as adaptive reactions to microgravity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary results of studies of the cardiovascular system in members of the 2d expedition in the Mir orbital station].

Three crewmembers of the second expedition onboard Mir were examined. Their physiological data (bioelectric activity of the heart, phasic structure of the cardiac cycle, circulation parameters at rest and circulation responses to exercise ergometry tests and LBNP tests) were monitored and transmitted to the Earth. This paper presents the physiological data obtained, their interpretation and conclusion that the Commander during his longest-term flight remained in best shape. Individual responses of each cosmonaut in terms of adaptation to flight conditions are discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of medical research carried out in 1985 on prolonged space flights].

This paper presents medical results obtained during the fourth expedition of five cosmonauts onboard orbital complexes Salyut-7--Soyuz-T-13 and Salyut-7--Soyuz-T-14. The cardiovascular system was examined using 36 resting and provocative tests. They were performed by means of electrocardiography, tetrapolar rheography, arteriovenous pulsography and tachooscillography. In addition, body mass and leg volume were measured. The above parameters showed typical variations as well as individual changes related to the preflight circulation level and environmental effects. The use of modified regimens of provocative tests demonstrated their applicability to the assessment of the cardiovascular function in space flight.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular changes in prolonged space flights.

In prolonged manned space flights, the cardiovascular function was examined at rest and during provocative tests. As compared to the preflight data the following changes were seen: higher heart rate at rest and during LBNP tests, decrease of stroke volume at rest and during LBNP test and a less marked increase (or decrease) during exercise tests, symptoms of a greater heart load which transformed to the syndrome of myocardial hypodynamics (preload) during LBNP tests or to the syndrome of myocardial hyperdynamics (afterload) during exercise tests (with other than preflight ratios of systolic and diastolic time intervals). The above cardiovascular changes did not, as a rule, aggravate with flight time and can be viewed as adaptive reactions to microgravity. The above cardiovascular changes were primarily produced by fluid redistribution in the cranial direction, diminished participation of the muscle system in circulation, and involvement of unloading reflexes from the cardiopulmonary receptor zones.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Labyrinthine and extralabyrinthine mechanisms of the development of motion sickness in weightlessness].

This paper describes an important problem of aerospace medicine, i. e. space motion sickness. The review surveys relevant Soviet and foreign publications. On their basis, including their own data, the authors discuss possible mechanisms of the sickness symptom-complex in the weightless state. The authors put forth their own ideas concerning current hypotheses of space motion sickness and discuss potential applicability of the theoretical concepts with respect to the prevention of this adverse symptom-complex. The authors describe selected outlines in the study of mechanisms of space motion sickness and in the development of specific countermeasures.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of medical research in the performance of the long-term manned flights of the Saliut-6 program].

The major goal of biomedical investigations in prolonged (up to 6 months) manned missions was to obtain information about physiological reactions to long-term weightlessness and to carry out detailed clinical, physiological, immunological and anthropometric investigations before, during and after flight. The results obtained give evidence that man can adapt to the prolonged exposure and to maintain good health condition and high work capacity. The changes detected postflight were reversible and disappeared completely within a relatively short time period. The changes were not correlated with the flight duration. The good health condition and high performance inflight were maintained and postflight readaptation was facilitated due to a rational work-rest cycle and specific countermeasures which were modified with respect to the results of regular medical examinations. Salyut-6 medical data have demonstrated that the duration of forthcoming manned missions can be extended.

Adaptation, Physiological↗