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A D Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to A D Robinson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Regulation of fungal proteolysis on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, glycogen synthase and histones.

Limited proteolysis of catalytic and regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-pk), cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, glycogen synthase, and histones by fungal protease (type XIX) was analyzed by the digested peptide bands in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The modulatory effects on proteolysis by nucleotides, polypeptides, and phospholipids may greatly depend on the intrinsic nature of substrates. The proteolysis of the regulatory subunit of A-pk and glycogen synthase was not regulated by nucleotides and nucleic acids. In comparison, phosphatidyl serine, cardiolipin, and pepstatin A stimulated the proteolysis of the catalytic subunit of A-pk. Whereas, lambda DNA (Hind III digest), t-RNA, GTP-, phosphatidyl serine, sphingosine inhibited the proteolysis of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Moreover, MS2 RNA, lambda DNA, t-RNA, dGTP, Phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, antipain, and chymostatin exerted inhibitory proteolytic effect on histone VIII-S. Some of these agents also had similar inhibitory effect on other types of histones (types III-S and VII-S). The inhibitory effect of phosphatidyl serine on proteolysis of histone may be due to their interaction which was monitored by the drastic increase of uv absorbance.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1990

A further study on the regulation of microbial proteases.

Various agents were tested for their effects on microbial proteases, which activity was monitored by the analysis of cleaved peptide bands in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using casein as a substrate, fungal protease (type XIX) was inhibited by the phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, chymostatin, antipain and leupeptin, while bacterial protease (type XXVI) was inhibited by phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol and sphingosine. MS2 RNA exerted minor inhibition on the bacterial proteolysis of regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK). The cleavage of DNA binding protein by both proteases was inhibited, in the presence of MS2 RNA and lambda DNA. In comparison, phosphatidyl serine slightly stimulated the fungal protease on the cleavage of ribonuclease T1. RNA polymerase is a good substrate of the bacterial protease as indicated by the generation of multiple cleaved peptide fragments, whereas alkaline phosphatase is not susceptible to proteolysis.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of transfer RNA on protein kinases from baker's yeast and rat skeletal muscle.

Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of DNA cellulose-treated crude extracts of rat skeletal muscle, revealed a broad peak-fraction of tRNA-inhibitory protein kinases (PK) coeluted endogenous substrates. In comparison, the elution profile of baker's yeast exhibited multiple peak-fractions of tRNA-inhibiting PK. Various tRNA all showed inhibition to PK. In the presence of regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, tRNA did not exert synergetic inhibition on PK. Moreover, the interaction of tRNA with active muscle PK fractions could not be monitored by the increment of absorbance at 340 nm. tRNA had no significant regulatory effect on the phosphorylation of actin and myosin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of self-injury and self-poisoning from the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, Edinburgh.

Injury and poisoning episodes at the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, Edinburgh, were compared for the years 1980-1986. Injury was more likely to be associated with youth, male sex and single status. When these demographic differences were controlled for, injury was found to be associated with the following clinical variables: personality disorder, previous psychiatric inpatient status, use of alcohol at the time of parasuicide and alcohol problems, and the social variables-violence against others and received from relatives in the preceding 5 years, criminal record and unemployment. These have been consistently associated with repetition of parasuicide. A history of injury as a putative marker of repetition and the clinical implication of its association with alcohol problems are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Is electroencephalographic monitoring of electroconvulsive therapy clinically useful?

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was carried out in 169 bilateral and 114 unilateral applications of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), given to 51 patients in an everyday setting within the National Health Service by junior medical staff. In 2.5% of bilateral and 8% of unilateral applications there was disagreement between clinical and EEG assessment as to whether a fit had occurred. When an EEG fit was said to have occurred only if it lasted longer than 25 seconds, then disagreement rose to 7% in bilateral and 28% in unilateral applications; disagreement was higher with unilateral applications, as they produced more short fits than bilateral applications. If future work shows duration of seizure is clearly associated with clinical efficacy, it is suggested the case for routine EEG monitoring is greatly strengthened.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1988

A century of delusions in south west Scotland.

Two groups of patients admitted to psychiatric hospital in Dumfries were studied, drawn from the periods 1880-1889 and 1970-1979. Feighner criteria were applied to make three diagnostic categories - depression, mania and schizophrenia - and the occurrence and content of delusions were noted for each. A significant decline in the prevalence of delusional depressive illness was found between the two periods, and a similar trend was noted for delusional manic illness. In contrast, the prevalence of delusional schizophrenic illness was stable. This decline is taken to reflect a change in the phenomenology of affective illness since last century in South West Scotland. The content of delusions is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Survey. VI. Relatives' expressed emotion: prevalence, patterns, and clinical assessment.

A review of all known schizophrenics (n = 142) in Nithsdale, Scotland, found 50% were living with relatives or friends. Of these, 32% had high contact with a relative showing high expressed emotion (EE); put another way, 87% of all Nithsdale schizophrenics were not living in a high contact/high EE family. Parents were more critical than spouses, and more showed emotional over-involvement. A retrospective review showed a trend, not of statistical significance, towards a higher admission rate to in-patient care in patients from high EE homes. Of relatives believed by a consultant psychiatrist to be neither critical nor hostile, 80% fell into the low EE category, but only 44% thought hostile or critical belonged to the high EE category; that is, the clinician had a wider view of high EE than the Camberwell Family Interview. Relative's scores on a short patient-rejection scale were higher in high EE than in low EE relatives, but the wide scatter of scores suggested the scale could not be used to identify an individual relative with high EE.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Haloperidol decanoate v. fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenic in-patients.

In a double-blind study of 38 chronic schizophrenic in-patients, haloperidol decanoate was compared with fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy over 60 weeks. Both drugs were given by injection at 4-week intervals. Haloperidol and fluphenazine were assumed to be equipotent; the mean starting dose of the former was 127 mg and of the latter 106 mg. The number of withdrawals over 60 weeks was similar in both groups but relapses, strictly defined, were significantly more frequent in the haloperidol group. When patients were switched to haloperidol, Parkinsonism diminished more quickly than in the fluphenazine group, but after 60 weeks there was no difference in severity in the two drug groups. The higher relapse rate and the quicker reduction in Parkinsonism in the haloperidol group might be due to a misjudgement in equivalent doses of the two drugs. Plasma haloperidol steady state levels were reached in most patients by 8-12 weeks. Plasma neuroleptic and prolactin levels, week-by-week systemic drug availability and Parkinsonism showed less variation between injections with haloperidol than with fluphenazine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of scales for assessing rehabilitation patients.

Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic patients were assessed by the Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale, the Krawiecka Scale, and the Social Adjustment Scale by Self-Report. Inter-rater correlations suggest that the MRSS can be used by a rater with little previous knowledge of the patient. Between-scale correlations suggest the three scales assess somewhat different dimensions. A standard approach to rehabilitation assessment is suggested.

Female↗
PubMed1986

The Nithsdale schizophrenia survey. V. Follow-up of tardive dyskinesia at 3 1/2 years.

The point-prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenics from a discrete geographical area (Nithsdale, in Dumfries and Galloway Region) in 1981, 1982, and 1984 was 31%, 27%, and 30% respectively. This suggests that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in a community of schizophrenics has reached a plateau. In 12% of patients there was persistent dyskinesia, i.e. abnormal involuntary movements were present at all three assessments. Persistent dyskinesia was more common in older patients. The severity of tardive dyskinesia fluctuated between assessments in 41% of patients, indicating that it is only a transient feature in some cases.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Uptake of circulating hyaluronic acid by the rat liver. Cellular localization in situ.

The uptake of [3H]acetyl-labelled hyaluronic acid (HA) was examined in the liver, spleen and kidney of the rat after i.v. injection. 3H-activity was located by light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography after measurement by scintillation counting of tissue digests. In the liver, approximately 90% of the radioactivity was located in the sinusoidal endothelial cells, with autoradiographic grains distributed throughout the cytoplasm; 50% of the grains overlay vacuoles 0.3 to 1.2 micron in diameter. A few grains (4%) were located in Disse's space or nearby in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. No grains were found in Kupffer cells. The remainder were randomly scattered across the sections in a pattern indicating nonspecific background activity. These observations are in accordance with the selective uptake of HA exhibited by dissociated liver cells in vitro. HA concentrations in the spleen and kidney were too low for detection by autoradiography. Splenic concentrations were much lower than in rabbits or mice; in this respect the uptake of circulating HA in the rat resembles that reported for chondroitin 4-sulphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The Scottish survey of psychiatric rehabilitation and support services.

Rehabilitation and support services in psychiatric hospitals and general hospital psychiatric units serving two-thirds of the population of Scotland were reviewed. Although there are wide between-hospital differences, especially between rural and urban areas, the National Health Service in Scotland is making considerable efforts to provide staffing, accommodation, occupational activities, and support services for the long term mentally ill. Services provided by local authorities, with the exception of group homes, are seriously deficient. The total number of services provided by an individual hospital correlated highly with an assessment of its adequacy in providing such services in relation to other hospitals. A simple count of services may therefore be used to assess adequacy. There was also a correlation between the range of a hospital's services and numbers of misplaced new chronic in-patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The Scottish survey of new chronic in-patients: two year follow up.

'New chronic inpatients' (patients aged 18-64 years in hospital more than one but less than six years) were followed-up two years after identification in the catchment areas of 14 psychiatric hospitals, serving 56% of the Scottish population. Nine per cent had died, 71% remained in-patients, and 20% had been discharged; 40% of those discharged had no contact with after-care services, and 37% of those remaining in hospital did not need in-patient care. Discharged patients were younger, had been in hospital a shorter time, and less often had organic brain disease. Only 13% of patients who, when first identified, had been rated at a low functioning level had been discharged; 64% of those remaining in-patients at follow up had such a rating.

Adolescent↗