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Biomedical subjects

A D Thor

Publications and source records attributed to A D Thor.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland: diagnosis of bone lesions by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Two cases of benign salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas metastatic to bone (benign-metastasizing pleomorphic adenomas) diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy are presented. Both primary tumors were slightly atypical cytologically but neither case demonstrated features of carcinoma. The metastatic lesions contained benign epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components. In both cases the clinical history was either not known by the radiologist or not communicated to the cytopathologist interpreting the case, and a primary tumor of bone was the leading clinical diagnosis. Obtaining pertinent clinical history and comparing the cytomorphology of the bone aspirate with the primary parotid tumor allowed for an accurate diagnosis in both cases. The differential diagnosis with primary bone tumors is discussed and the importance of clinical history is emphasized.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1992

pS2 expression in primary breast carcinomas: relationship to clinical and histological features and survival.

pS2 protein expression has been reported to have prognostic significance in human breast carcinomas and to correlate with estrogen receptor positivity, although these findings have not been confirmed by all investigators. pS2 positivity was compared to various clinical and histologic parameters in a retrospective study of 290 patients (median follow-up 7.2 years) and significantly correlated with tumor grade and estrogen receptor content (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). Significant associations between pS2 positivity and lymph node metastases, T stage, histologic tumor type, and patient age were not observed. Univariate and multivariate analyses (controlling for estrogen receptor content, T and N stage) of the patient population at large showed that pS2 positivity was not predictive of disease-free or overall survival. Univariate analysis of lymph node negative patients demonstrated that both pS2 and estrogen receptor positivity were significantly associated with a better outcome. Multivariate analysis of these patients, however, showed that only estrogen receptor data had independent prognostic significance. This study suggests that immunohistochemical analysis for pS2 protein expression will not contribute additional prognostic information if the estrogen receptor content is known.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Post-hysterectomy carcinoma of the fallopian tube mimicking a vesicovaginal fistula.

A 49-year-old woman presented with a profuse watery vaginal discharge 16 years after a vaginal hysterectomy. Pelvic examination revealed clear fluid leaking from the vaginal apex. Cytologic evaluation of the draining fluid was normal, as was a biopsy of the vaginal apex. A vesicovaginal fistula was suspected. Intravenous pyelogram and cystogram did not reveal communication of the urinary tract with the fistula. Injection of radiopaque dye through the fistula tract demonstrated a 5-7-cm enclosed cystic space with a 4-cm pedunculated mass within the cyst lumen. Exploratory surgery revealed fallopian tube carcinoma involving the right tube. The tumor mass was completely excised, and there was no evidence of spread beyond the encapsulated cystic fallopian tube. The woman was treated with six cycles of cisplatin combination chemotherapy, and after 5 years remains free of disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Enhancement of tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 antigen expression in hormone-related ovarian serous borderline tumors.

The immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) B72.3 with ovarian serous tumors of borderline malignancy from 44 women who were pregnant, were on hormone medication containing a progestin, or were known to be in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, was compared with that of similar tumors of 32 patients who were not known to be in any of these three categories. All 76 borderline tumors expressed the tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) recognized by MoAb B72.3. Striking staining differences (P less than 0.0001) were observed between the hormone-related and the nonhormone-related tumors. Differences were also noticed between the staining of tumors from pregnant patients and that of previous, persistent, or recurrent tumors of the ipsilateral or contralateral ovaries when the same patients were not pregnant. Tumor MoAb B72.3 reactivity increased with progressive gestational age and fell to lower levels at term and during the postpartum period. Although it has been suggested by cell culture studies, enhanced TAG-72 expression in human tumors under hormonal stimulation has not been described before.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

pS2 expression and response to hormonal therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Seventy-two patients with advanced breast carcinoma (42% bone, 25% visceral, 5.5% soft tissue, and 27.5% multiple site metastases) were evaluated to determine the relationship between tumor expression of the estrogen-regulated protein pS2, estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PgR) content, and response to hormonal therapy. Twenty-nine % of tumors were pS2 positive, 64% were ER positive, and 29% were PgR positive. Of the ER-positive patients (n = 43), 15 (35%) had greater than 10% of the invasive carcinoma which immunostained for pS2 (these were considered pS2 positive). Only 3 of 24 ER-negative tumors were pS2 positive. A weak association between pS2 expression and ER content (P = 0.08) but not PgR content was observed. Of pS2-positive patients, 52% had a partial or complete response to hormonal therapy. In 24% of pS2-positive patients the disease stabilized with treatment. In contrast, 27% of pS2-negative patients had a partial or complete response. In 10% of these patients the disease stabilized. Similar associations between therapeutic response and ER or PgR were not observed. The odds of having a clinical response to hormonal therapy was greater for pS2-positive than for ER- or PgR-positive tumors. pS2 expression may define a subset of ER-positive tumors that are more likely to respond to hormonal treatment.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in brain tumors: a comparative study.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36-kDa DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein which accumulates in the nucleus during S phase of the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical labeling indices (LI) of PCNA and Ki-67 were compared using an avidin-biotin complex method on frozen sections of 27 nervous system tumors. 3 normal cerebral cortices, and 3 peripheral nerves. In glial tumors, PCNA and Ki-67 LI increased with increasing tumor grade (Daumas-Duport system). In 5 low-grade glial tumors, PCNA and Ki-67 LI were less than or equal to 1%, except for one optic nerve glioma (Ki-67 LI = 6%). In 7 grade 3 astrocytomas and 1 mixed glioma, PCNA LI were less than or equal to 1-1.5%, while Ki-67 LI were 2%-10%. In 7 grade 4 astrocytomas and 1 metastatic carcinoma, PCNA LI ranged from 6%-15% while Ki-67 LI ranged from 17%-30%. In 5 of 6 schwannomas, focally high PCNA LI (4%-65%) were noted, despite low LI with Ki-67 (less than or equal to 1.6%). Scattered normal schwann cell nuclei also stained with PCNA, but normal cerebral cortex did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labeling of breast carcinomas with the use of a commercial kit.

The prognostic significance of S-phase fraction analyses of breast carcinomas has been reported by several investigators. The Cell Proliferation Kit (Amersham Corporation, Arlington Heights, IL), which uses in vitro bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) labeling to evaluate cell cycle kinetics without a flow cytometer or radioisotopes, simplifies this assay for the clinical-based laboratory by providing standardized reagents and recommended methods. This study was performed to determine whether data derived from its use were comparable to published S-phase data from the use of thymidine labeling, BRDU, or other methods on breast carcinomas. Primary infiltrating ductal carcinomas (n = 142) and primary lobular carcinomas (n = 6) showed mean and median BRDU labeling of 4.63% and 3%, 1.3% and 1%, respectively, with a range of 0-28%. Benign lesions always had less than 3% BRDU uptake (n = 21). Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status correlated with BRDU labeling (P less than 0.05), with the highest S-phase fractions in ER- and PR-negative tumors. Correlations between BRDU uptake and histologic tumor type or size were observed. Significant correlations between BRDU uptake and lymph node status, patient age, or histologic tumor grade were not observed. S-phase studies of breast carcinomas using other techniques have shown similar data, therefore, the Cell Proliferation Kit appears to be a practical and useful method for in vitro S-phase analysis that allows concomitant histologic examination of the same tumor tissue sample.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of c-erbB-2 expression in breast carcinomas with clinical follow-up.

Various monoclonal antibodies reactive with protooncogene products or tumor-associated antigens have been utilized to investigate breast carcinoma biology or antigen expression with potential prognostic relevance. Murine monoclonal antibody TA1, generated by immunization of BALB/c mice with whole c-erbB-2 (neu) transformed NIH/3T3 cells, recognizes the extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 protein and binds a Mr 185,000 protein by immunoprecipitation. Using avidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques and monoclonal antibody TA1, 313 archival primary adenocarcinomas of the breast were evaluated for c-erbB-2 overexpression; 290 of these were used for multiparametric statistical analysis. Historical, clinical (age, laterality), histological (nuclear grade, tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic or blood invasion), and hormone receptor data as well as clinical outcome (minimal follow-up, 6 years; median follow-up, 8.5 years) were compared to TA1 staining. For these 290 patients Cox regression multivariate analysis showed the strongest correlation between lymph node status or estrogen receptor status and overall survival (P = 0.0001 and 0.049, respectively). TA1 staining did not significantly correlate with survival (P = 0.395). However, univariate analysis of certain patient subpopulations showed a significant correlation if the examined tumors were subdivided into negative or focally reactive and those with greater than or equal to 40% cellular reactivity. For T3, T4 patients, strong TA1 immunoreactivity correlated with a shortened disease-free survival (log rank P = 0.0018; Wilcoxon p = 0.0078) and overall survival (log rank P = 0.0002; Wilcoxon P = 0.0013). For these patients the overall survival at 6 years was markedly different between the strongly reactive tumors (0%) and the negative to weakly reactive tumors (55%). In lymph node-positive patients a trend between high TA1 reactivity and a worse overall survival was also noted (log rank P = 0.128; Wilcoxon P = 0.054), with a 6-year survival of 42% in the strongly reactive tumors (n = 16) and 65% in the negative to weakly reactive carcinomas (n = 105). No correlation between TA1 immunoreactivity and other historical, clinical, and histological features were noted. c-erbB-2 overexpression as measured by immunohistochemical techniques, therefore, may have clinical significance in certain patient subpopulations.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human breast or ovarian carcinoma: in vivo applications.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are unique and useful bioprobes that allow in vivo targeting of membrane-associated or circulating antigens. Most of the clinical trials to date have used low dosages of radiolabeled MoAb given in a single dose. Newer studies have included antibody fragments, repeated injections, intraperitoneal (IP) administration, and other labels such as 90Y. Clinical MoAb trials are often arduous, expensive, and time-consuming to perform. Before human use, animal studies and extensive MoAb characterization are required. The production of pharmaceutical grade, radiolabeled MoAb is technically difficult and costly. Clinical trials require administrative and patient consent as well as extensive written protocols. These studies necessitate interdepartmental and intradepartmental cooperation and coordination. Furthermore, the use of in vivo radiolabeled probes impacts many levels of health care providers from janitorial, nursing, and technical staff to laboratories and physicians. Simple blood tests or disposal of body excretions may concern nursing or technical staff with the possibility of radiation exposure. The responsibility for study design, personnel involvement, and prospective use in patients without a definitive cancer diagnosis ultimately rests with the physician. While many issues have been addressed, additional clinical trials, consideration of safety issues, and standardization between institutions will be necessary before the use of radiolabeled MoAb for diagnosis, management, or therapy of human tumors becomes routine. Continued cooperation and funding should ensure its achievement.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Ovarian small cell carcinoma. Histogenetic considerations based on immunohistochemical and other findings.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare, poorly understood aggressive tumor of young women, associated with paraendocrine hypercalcemia in two-thirds of the cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 15 small cell carcinomas, one-third of which were associated with hypercalcemia, 15 adult granulosa cell tumors, 15 juvenile granulosa cell tumors, and 5 Sertoli cell tumors, was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE-1/AE-3, CAM 5.2, 902), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (B72.3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA]), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme, parathyroid hormone, and chromogranin-A in an attempt to define histogenetically this tumor type. One-third of the small cell carcinomas were positive for EMA, whereas all of them were negative for B72.3 and S-100. In contrast, one-third of the granulosa cell tumors were positive for S-100 and all of them were negative for EMA and B72.3. One of five Sertoli cell tumors were positive for EMA and two were positive for B72.3, but all were negative for S-100. Differences existed in the frequency, intensity, and/or pattern of staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, and NSE among the various tumor types. A single small cell carcinoma from a patient with hypercalcemia stained focally for parathyroid hormone, whereas all 30 granulosa cell tumors and 4 of 5 Sertoli cell tumors were nonreactive. Chromogranin-A staining was noted in four of five small cell carcinomas, none of ten granulosa cell tumors, and two of five Sertoli cell tumors. These immunohistochemical findings, as well as previous light and electron microscopic data, do not clearly indicate any specific cell as the cell of origin of the ovarian small cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. An immunohistochemical study.

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors (ECSCSs) may simulate Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), both clinically and pathologically. Differing clinical features and histologic findings are almost always successful in distinguishing these tumor types, although in some cases the differential diagnosis is difficult. Immunohistochemical staining of 17 ECSCSs, 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 15 AGCTs was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 902, and CAM 5.2), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (EMA, OM-1, B72.3, and carcinoembryonic antigen B1.1), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, and lysozyme to determine the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor type and to define further the nature of the sex cord-like components in ECSCSs. All 17 ECSCSs, none of the 15 AGCTs, and one of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs stained with EMA. Staining for OM-1 was almost as helpful diagnostically, with positive results for 15 of 17 ECSCSs, 0/15 AGCTs, and 1/14 Sertoli cell or SLCTs. Antikeratins were immunoreactive with all the ECSCSs as well as some of the AGCTs and Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs. The B72.3 and B1.1 were immunoreactive with some ECSCSs and Sertoli cell tumors, but were nonreactive with AGCTs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in 11 of 17 ECSCSs, two of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 0 of 15 AGCTs. Vimentin, S-100, and lysozyme were least helpful in the differential diagnosis. These studies suggest that an immunohistochemical approach may be useful in the differentiation of ECSCSs and sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, it supports the conclusion that the sex cord-like cells in ECSCSs are not Sertoli or granulosa cells, but cells of surface epithelial type growing in architectural patterns similar to those of sex cord-stromal tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗