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Biomedical subjects

A Döring

Publications and source records attributed to A Döring.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparison of food intakes of selected populations in former East and West Germany: results from the MONICA Projects Erfurt and Augsburg.

The intakes of selected food groups in former East and West Germany were compared, based on data from the dietary surveys of the MONICA project Erfurt 1987 and of the MONICA project Augsburg 1984/85. Three-day records from 132 middle-aged men from the city of Erfurt (response 73%) and 3-day records from 424 middle-aged men from the city of Augsburg (response 70%) could be included in the comparison. The differences in the consumption of animal products were rather small. The intake of bread and baked goods, potatoes and cooked vegetables was higher in Erfurt, whereas the intake of raw vegetables was lower. The most striking differences appeared in the consumption of fat.

Diet↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of 2 methods for the assessment of physical activity].

There is no standardized method for the assessment of physical activity, so it is important to investigate the validity and the comparability of different measures. In the first survey (1984/85) of the MONICA Augsburg project of the World Health Organisation (WHO), physical activity was determined by two different methods, an interview and a seven-day activity diary, and these are compared in this analysis. In the first MONICA Augsburg survey 2023 men and 1999 women participated (overall response 80.0% men and 78.7% women). The seven-day activity diary was completed only by men of the age group 45 to 64 years (overall response 62.2%). On the assumption that the seven-day activity diary is an instrument of proven validity, the interview was validated against this reference method in men aged 45-64 years. Activity scores for occupational and leisure time physical activity were formed by means of the data from the seven-day diary. Participants were classified as active or inactive, by using energy expenditure during work as an estimate for occupational physical activity, and duration of sport as an estimate for leisure time physical activity. The interview offered four possibilities for answering the activity questions. By means of these answers the participants were again classified into active and inactive groups, for both leisure time and occupational physical activity. This grouping was compared to the one obtained by the reference diary method. Validity of the interview-based scores required an efficiency of at least 160% and an error rate not above 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

[Differences in nutrition behavior between weekends and work days: results of the nutrition survey in 1984/85 of the MONICA project in Augsburg].

Seven-day food records of the MONICA project Augsburg dietary survey 1984/85 in 899 men aged 45-64 years were used to compare food and nutrient intake of weekdays and weekends. Differences were found in food intake. The mean intake of energy, macronutrients and especially alcohol was higher on weekends, whereas the dietary constituents independent of total energy intake, as percentage supply of energy from macronutrients, did not show huge differences.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Selected nutrient intakes of middle-aged men in southern Germany: results from the WHO MONICA Augsburg Dietary Survey of 1984/85.

In the WHO MONICA Augsburg survey of 1984/85 dietary intake was assessed in an age-stratified cluster sample of 899 men aged 45-64 years by 7-day records. The mean energy intake was 2,609 kcal (10.9 MJ), 15.9% of which came from protein, 38.1% from fat, and 36.6% from carbohydrate. A remarkably high proportion of 9.4% was derived from alcohol. Saturated fatty acids accounted for 14.6% of total energy, monounsaturated fatty acids for 13.2% and polyunsaturated fatty acids for 5.2%. The results showed that current dietary habits do not conform with the national nutritional guidelines.

Diet↗
PubMed1990

Determinants of HDL-cholesterol and the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. Results of the Lübeck Blood Pressure Study.

Results are presented here on the relationship, in a large city in the Federal Republic of Germany, between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) or the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HDL-C/TC) and the variables smoking, alcohol consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI), and age. The strength of each relationship is estimated and compared with the findings of other similar studies. Careful attention is given to the interactive effects of the variables. Evidence is presented to support, in a European setting, previous findings which suggest negative relationships between HDL-C or HDL-C/TC and certain lifestyle factors, namely BMI and cigarette smoking, and a positive relationship with alcohol consumption. In general, no relationship with oral contraceptive use or age is found. Several interactions among the various lifestyle factors and their relationships to HDL-C are seen, including a confirmation of a smoking/alcohol interaction found earlier.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Arachidonic acid-induced secretion in the rat colon. Indomethacin-resistant neuronal and epithelial actions.

The effect of arachidonic acid on short-circuit current (Isc) was studied in two preparations of the rat colon descendens, one with and one without the submucosal plexus. In both preparations, arachidonic acid (10(-7)-5 x 10(-5) mol.l-1) increased Isc concentration-dependently. The cyclooxygenase blocker, indomethacin, inhibited its action only partially. The lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, was an ineffective inhibitor of the response to arachidonic acid. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine, and hexamethonium blocked the effect of arachidonic acid in the preparation with the submucosal plexus. Inhibition by neuronal blockers was also observed in the presence of indomethacin. After removal of the submucosal plexus, TTX no longer affected the Isc response evoked by arachidonic acid. This epithelial action of arachidonic acid was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine, and the intra-cellular Ca2(+)-antagonist, TMB-8. Inhibition by these drugs was also found in the presence of indomethacin. Consequently, for the secretion induced by arachidonic acid two sites of action, the submucosal plexus and the epithelium, and two mechanisms of action, prostaglandin-mediated and non-mediated, could be distinguished.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Methods of total cholesterol measurement in the baseline survey of the WHO MONICA Project.

In the WHO MONICA Project (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease) total cholesterol was measured in representative samples from 51 study populations in 26 countries. The biochemical measurements were done locally by the collaborating centres' laboratories. Differences in measurement procedures among the populations were found in the following factors: fasting status, posture of the subject, tourniquet use, use of serum or plasma, storage conditions, and the analytical method itself. This paper gives an overview of the methods used, and discusses the possible effects of the differences on the comparability of the results. The use of a posture other than that recommended and the use of EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetate) plasma are considered to be the most important factors, and were found in 9 out of the 51 populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Awareness and treatment of hypercholesterolemia: results of the first survey of the MONICA Project Augsburg.

In the first survey of the MONICA project Augsburg (1984/1985), awareness and treatment of hypercholesterolemia was determined on a two-stage cluster sample of 5069 25-64 year old citizens (participation 79.6%). Hypercholesterolemia was defined according to the Conference of the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Awareness (elevated lipid levels found during the last 12 months), and drug and dietary treatment were determined by an interview. The awareness was low and varied between 4 and 24% in the different age-sex groups with no significant differences between sexes, with one exception: The awareness in women aged 55-64 years with cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl was 38% and differed significantly from that found in men in the same age group (21%). Older participants showed a higher degree of awareness than younger; in men the awareness was independent from the cholesterol level, in women those with higher levels showed a better awareness than those with lower levels (results from a logistic regression analysis for cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 240 mg/dl). The use of lipid-lowering drugs was low in the study population (2% in men, 1% in women). The drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia was low and in no age-sex group higher than 7%, despite the definition of hypercholesterolemia; the dietary treatment was not higher than 20%. In conclusion it is shown, that there is a great need for the identification and management of hypercholesterolemia in the examined population in Southern Germany.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Nutrition survey of adults using a 7-day protocol--a pilot study in the Augsburg MONICA project].

During the MONICA-project nutrition as one factor for the development of coronary heart disease is examinated. The individual intake of total energy, of fat-including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids-and of alcohol should be determined. This pilot study was done before the first cohort study within the MONICA-project Augsburg. The nutritional data were collected from february to march 1984 with the 7-day-dairy-record-method. 65 of totally 112 received records were suitable for evaluation by the computer program KALI (version 2.1.4). The 35 male persons had an average energy intake of 2.677 kcal/day. The average daily energy intake of the 30 female persons decreased with age. The main energy source for all persons is fat. Five women and eight men have an average intake of more than 500 mg cholesterol/day. Estimations of the intake of fatty acids were not possible, because of the specification of the computer program. Carbohydrates supply about 36% in men and 40% in women of the total energy, protein about 13% and 16% respectively. Men are drinking about 44 g alcohol/day. This is distinctly more than women do. Womens daily intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B6 and iron was lower than the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society. It's the same with vitamin B6 for men.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The cardiovascular risk factor profile in the study area Augsburg. Results from the first MONICA survey 1984/85.

The main objective of the first survey was the investigation of the prevalence and distribution of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cigarette smoking in the study area. The data-collection phase lasted from October 1984 to May 1985. A two-stage cluster sample of 5312 persons of German nationality was drawn from a population of 282,279 inhabitants, aged 25-64. The data were gathered through interview, physical examination and self-administered questionnaire. A response of 79% was achieved. Sixteen percent of men and 10% of women had high blood pressure (BP) values (greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg). Only 16% of male and 34% of female hypertensives had controlled BP values. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (greater than or equal to 6.72 mmol/L = greater than or equal to 260 mg/dl) was 26% in men and 22% in women. Forty percent of men and 22% of women reported they were current cigarette smokers. Among participants, aged 25-44, cigarette smoking was the most prevalent risk factor in men and women. Thirty-seven percent of men and 52% of women, aged 25-64, had none of the three major risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of hypertension. Patterns of drug utilization in a metropolitan population.

In the Munich Blood Pressure Study (MBS), a cross-sectional study (MBS I) with follow-up (MBS II) of a random sample of 3,198 citizens aged 30-69 (response rate, 69.3%), treatment and control of hypertension were examined. Of the actual hypertensives 59% (221) in MBS II (373) were on drug treatment and about two-thirds (150) of those being treated had controlled blood pressure (BP). Women's BP was better controlled than men's. Of the 221 treated hypertensives 85% (188) received types of drugs or drug combinations which were in accordance with the recommendations of the German Hypertension League. However, this did not apply to the prescribed dosages of the various drugs. Of the treated hypertensives 52% were either on a diuretic, on a beta-blocker, or on a combination of both drugs. Rauwolfia alkaloids combined with a diuretic were given to 27%. In 79% of the participants who had received a beta-blocker either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents and who still had high BP values, the prescribed beta-blocker dosage was below the recommended daily dose. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom, possibly attributable to antihypertensive drug treatment. Electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy were found less frequently in controlled hypertensives, in comparison to treated but uncontrolled hypertensives or untreated hypertensives.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiology of digitalis medication. Results of the Munich blood-pressure study].

As part of a blood-pressure survey in Munich, some of its inhabitants aged 30-69 years were asked by questionnaire about any digitalis medication. Chemically defined glycosides were taken by 127 of 1827 persons (7%), two-thirds of them older than 60 years, for clinically compensated chronic heart failure. Using the equation of Cockcroft and Gault to calculate creatinine clearance, it was below 80 ml/min and thus indicative of early impairment of renal function in more than 50%. In 44% the prescribed daily dose of glycoside corresponded to the calculated maintenance dose, 29% had less and 27% had taken more. None had clinical signs of digitalis intoxication. ECG changes possibly due to digitalis were much less common than had been expected. Sinus rhythm was present in 93%. More than 50% did not know why they were taking digitalis and 80% were taking two or more drugs at the same time. Since more than half had signs of early renal function impairment, creatinine clearance should be taken into account when determining the dosage of a digoxin preparation especially in elderly patients; alternatively, digitoxin should be prescribed. The survey also showed that a large number of persons on glycoside medication did not take the drug regularly.

Acetyldigoxins↗
PubMed1983

[Combination of a Shwachman syndrome and a complex granulocyte function disorder in a girl].

We report the case of a 1-year-old girl with the typical symptoms of Shwachman syndrome: neutropenia, insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas, and metaphyseal dysostosis. The clinical course is complicated by recurrent infections caused by the neutropenia and an additional defect of granulocyte function. We demonstrate a severe defect of chemotactic activity as well as a disturbance of the intracellular oxidative metabolism leading to defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1982

[Fatal granulocyte function defect in a male infant. Results of in vitro and in vivo stimulation with ascorbic acid as well as in vitro stimulation with levamisol and lithium chloride].

We report about a boy who suffered from repeated bacterial infections starting at the age of 4 weeks. A severe defect of chemotactic activity of the neutrophils, and an additional deficient phagocytosis were discovered. The child died at the age of 3 months from septicemia. Chemotactic activity could be stimulated in vitro by ascorbic acid and levamisole but not by lithium chloride. In vivo, however, the effect of ascorbic acid was minimal and treatment with this vitamin could not prevent the lethal end.

Ascorbic Acid↗