PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Dauphin

Publications and source records attributed to A Dauphin.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Immunological assay of sisomycin by fluorescence polarization].

Fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA) of aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin) in plasma have been described. The use of sisomicin, a structural analogue of a C1a gentamicin fraction, is an alternative to gentamicin therapy for economical reasons. We have tested a therapeutic monitoring of this drug bases on FPIA using its croos reaction with gentamicin. Tracer (gentamicin labelled with fluorescein) and antisera were purchased from Abbott S.A. (gentamicin kit). Standard curves were obtained with sisomicin standard plasma samples. Within run and run-to-run precisions expressed as coefficient of variation were lower than 9.2 p. cent. The measurement of concentrations as low as 0.15 mg/l are possible. In order to evaluate specificity of this assay in clinical situation, we compared FPIA and liquid chromatography results.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of postoperative anaerobic infections. Economic significance of metronidazole suppositories].

Metronidazole is widely used in the preventive and curative treatment of post-operative anaerobic infections. As the intravenous form is very expensive, a 1 g suppository has been developed. The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole injection and suppository was studied comparatively in 10 healthy subjects. The serum bioavailability of the rectal form was 80% with a peak serum concentration of 10 mg/l four hours after dosing. From calculated pharmacokinetic values it may be suggested that: (1) in cases of elective surgery treatment could begin with the rectal form alone at the rate of one suppository 12-hourly, starting 48 hours before surgery; (2) in emergency surgery, 0,5g of metronidazole i.v. over 20 minutes and a 1 g suppository should be administered at the time of premedication, treatment being continued with one suppository 12-hourly; (3) in patients at high risk of anaerobic infection, one suppository should be given 8-hourly, starting 24 hours before surgery. The main advantage of the rectal treatment is that it is much cheaper than the intravenous treatment administered during the same period.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Determination of quinine in plasma and urine by liquid chromatography].

We propose a method to quantify quinine in biological fluids using liquid chromatography. After alkalinisation, samples are extracted with a chloroform-isoamyl alcohol mixture; in the case of urinary samples, a preliminary enzymatic hydrolysis is performed. Extracts are analyzed by adsorption chromatography. A mobile phase composed of methanol-acetonitril-ammonia in used to elute. A post-column reaction with sulfuric acid allows a fluorimetric detection. With this method concentration as low as 0.05 mg/l can be measured. Variation coefficient is about 2.5 p. cent Quinine, its metabolites and dihydroquinine are well separated; thus it is a very useful method for pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1981

Liquid chromatography determination of thiopentone in human plasma.

A rapid microprocedure for the liquid chromatographic analysis of thiopentone in plasma is described. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was performed on a microparticulate C18 column using as a mixture of 60% methanol/40% water as mobile phase and ultraviolet detection (290 nm). The method used carbamazepine as internal standard and ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. The analytical recovery was 95%; the reproducibility, 6.5%; and the sensitivity limit of detection, 0.2 mg/liter. The method has been used in preliminary studies to determine the plasma concentrations in patients receiving thiopentone by the intravenous route. A method using direct injection is described.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of the penetration of various short venous catheters].

Two methods used to measure the degree of the forces involved, in an experimental model--a polyethylene film stretched over a drum, during the penetration of different short venous catheters were compared. One involved strain gauge force sensors, whilst the other used simple and easy to use equipment. The forces necessary for the penetration of introducer needles are on the one hand relatively slight and secondly quite close to each other. By contrast, there are wide differences between the degree of force necessary to obtain penetration of the catheter itself. These forces are in general less for teflon catheters than for those made of polypropylene. The degree does not appear to be related to the size. It remains to attempt to establish a correlation between ease of penetration and tolerance.

Catheterization↗