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A Deinard

Publications and source records attributed to A Deinard.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Phylogenetic relationships among the macaques: evidence from the nuclear locus NRAMP1.

The macaques, genus Macaca, represent one of the most successful radiations within the Order Primates, with a geographical distribution that ranks second in size only to that of humans among extant primates. Although the number of macaque species recognized depends on the classification scheme used, most authors currently follow the classifications of either Fooden or Delson, both of whom recognize 19 extant macaque species. These two classifications differ in their placement of macaque species into more inclusive taxa (i.e., species groups). While researchers have attempted to use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to resolve these phylogenetic relationships, different studies have generated conflicting conclusions. Consequently, we screened nuclear DNA sequences of a large number of macaques to determine if such data provide greater insight into the phylogenetic relationships among macaques. The data generated from the comparison of two (noncoding) introns within the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene generally agree with the classification scheme of Delson. However, the data also support several novel observations. Specifically, the NRAMP1 data demonstrate that M. silenus and M. nemestrina lack nuclear genetic variation, while M. assamensis and M. radiata exhibit the greatest amount of genetic variation. In addition, these data suggest that M. fascicularis may not be as "primitive" (with respect to other members of the fascicularis group) as the mtDNA based data suggest.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evolution of the HOXB6 intergenic region: motif conservation at the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) enhancer element.

This study reports the results of a comparative sequencing study in higher primates, focusing on the intergenic region located between HOXB6 and HOXB7. We have examined an 832 bp. region, encompassing a putative Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM) enhancer element in a variety of anthropoid apes. The interspecific comparisons reveal extensive substitutions occurring within this region, with a marked bias in favor of C-->T transitions within the enhancer element. The pattern of these substitutions suggests that the LPM enhancer region is subject to specific sequence and compositional constraints that are only revealed through comparative sequencing. These constraints produce an enhancer signature, the CpG microisland, which may be useful in identifying additional regulatory elements located within the HOX complexes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 285:170-176, 1999.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evolution of a HOXB6 intergenic region within the great apes and humans.

Data accumulated over the past decade from several loci suggest that nonhuman primates have a greater amount of intraspecific genetic variation relative to humans. In phylogenetic reconstructions among primates that are based on genetic data, therefore, it becomes essential to adequately sample the population(s) being analyzed. Inadequate sampling may not only underestimate variation within any given population, but such an underestimate may confound any phylogenetic or population-specific conclusions implied by the data. Here we present inter- and intraspecific data on the molecular evolution of an approximately 1.0 kb intergenic HOXB6 sequence among humans, common chimpanzees, pygmy chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. To date, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation of a noncoding nuclear locus among the great apes and humans that examines the nature and amount of intraspecific variation in DNA sequences. Not only do these HOXB6 data continue to support earlier findings that Homo sapiens sapiens has less genetic variation than any great ape species (Ruano et al., 1992; Deinard & Kidd, 1995), but they strongly suggest that a high level of genetic polymorphism existed within the common ancestor of the African ape clade (Homo-Pan-Gorilla). Despite detecting two nucleotide substitutions linking Pan and Homo, we caution against concluding that the HOXB6 data definitively support a Homo-Pan clade to the exclusion of Gorilla. Rather, we believe that taking into consideration the level of genetic polymorphism that is likely to have existed within the common ancestor, the most prudent conclusion that can be made from all available data, including morphological, karyotypic and genetic data, may be that speciation among Homo-Pan-Gorilla is best represented by a "trichotomy".

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Impact of the WIC program on the iron status of infants.

The WIC Program (Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children) was initiated in the early 1970s to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women, lactating women, and children from birth to 5 years of age who were at risk for nutritionally related health problems. Better hematologic status of a group of preschool-aged infants who were enrolled in the WIC Program from birth, as compared with another group of similar age and socioeconomic status from the pre-WIC Program era, suggests that participation in the WIC Program will help limit the development of iron depletion or iron deficiency anemia in young children, an important consideration in view of the deleterious hematologic and nonhematologic effects that have been attributed to those conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Measuring temperament in pediatric practice.

The present study reports data concerning the discriminant validity of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Subjects were 187 primiparous women who completed a battery of psychologic tests prior to the births of their infants. They also filled out the ITQ at three and six months after the baby was born. Nine of the 20 variables derived from the prenatal test battery discriminated mothers whose babies were diagnosed as temperamentally "difficult" from those whose infants were diagnosed as temperamentally "easy" based on three-month ITQ scores. Seven of the prenatal variables similarly discriminated these two groups on the six-month ITQ. The implications of these findings for uses of the ITQ are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1976

Neutrophil leukocyte reserves in lymphoreticular malignancies.

The marginal neutrophil leukocyte pool and the bone marrow neutrophil reserves were assessed in 43 patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, using epinephrine and steroid stimulation. Thirty-three patients were studied before staging, following splenectomy, before and after nodal irradiation and during remission induction chemotherapy. Ten patients in partial remission were studied after 12 month or more of chemotherapy. A neutrophil count of 1,500-2,500 cells/mm3 is not a sufficient guide for midifying the chemotherapy. The response to steroid stimulation may be a more dependable guide to evaluate the patient's potential risk for infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The Rebuck skin window as a guide in cancer chemotherapy.

The skin-window inflammatory cell response was studied in 64 adult patients with various malignant neoplasms before initiation of chemotherapy and was repeated when a neutrophil level of 2500 cells/mm3 or less occurred. Of the 21 neutropenic patients, 15 had an abnormal neutrophil cell response and nine had an abnormal mononuclear cell response. Of the nine patients who had infection, eight had an abnormal mononuclear cell response and seven of the eight had a concomitant abnormal neutrophil response. The Rebuck skin window may be a practical clinical test to evaluate the risk for infection in neutropenic patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Agranulocytosis↗