Biomedical subjects

A Denizli

Publications and source records attributed to A Denizli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Molecular recognition based iron removal from human plasma with imprinted membranes.

The aim of this study is to prepare ion-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) based membranes which can be used for the selective removal of Fe3+ ions from Fe3+-overdosed human plasma. N-methacryloyl-(L)-glutamic acid (MAGA) was chosen as the ion-complexing monomer. In the first step, Fe3+ was complexed with MAGA and then, the Fe3+-imprinted poly(HEMA-MAGA) membranes were prepared by UV-initiated photo-polymerization of HEMA and MAGA-Fe3+ complex in the presence of an initiator (benzoyl peroxide). After that, the template (i.e., Fe3+ ions) was removed by using 0.1 M EDTA solution at room temperature. The specific surface area of the Fe3+-imprinted poly(HEMA-MAGA) membranes was found to be 49.2 m2/g and the swelling ratio was 92%. According to the elemental analysis results, the polymeric membranes contained 145.7 micromol MAGA/g polymer. The maximum adsorption capacity was 164.2 micromol Fe3+/g membrane. The relative selectivity coefficients of ion-imprinted membranes for Fe3+/Zn2+ and Fe3+/Cr3+ were 12.6 and 62.5 times greater than the non-imprinted matrix, respectively. The Fe3+-imprinted poly(HEMA-MAGA) membranes could be used many times without decreasing their Fe3+ adsorption capacities significantly.

Glutamic Acid↗

PubMed2003

Comparative biosorption of mercuric ions from aquatic systems by immobilized live and heat-inactivated Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus sajur-caju.

Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus sajur-caju mycelia immobilized in Ca-alginate beads were used for the removal of mercuric ions from aqueous solutions. The sorption of Hg(II) ions by alginate beads and both immobilized live and heat-killed fungal mycelia of T. versicolor and P. sajur-caju was studied in the concentration range of 0.150-3.00 mmol dm(-3). The biosorption of Hg(II) increased as the initial concentration of Hg(II) ions increased in the medium. Maximum biosorption capacities for plain alginate beads were 0.144+/-0.005 mmol Hg(II)/g; for immobilized live and heat-killed fungal mycelia of T. versicolor were 0.171+/-0.007 mmol Hg(II)/g and 0.383+/-0.012 mmol Hg(II)/g respectively; whereas for live and heat-killed P. sajur-caju, the values were 0.450+/-0.014 mmol Hg(II)/g and 0.660+/-0.019 mmol Hg(II)/g respectively. Biosorption equilibrium was established in about 1 h and the equilibrium adsorption was well described by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Between 15 and 45 degrees C the biosorption capacity was not affected and maximum adsorption was observed between pH 4.0 and 6.0. The alginate-fungus beads could be regenerated using 10 mmol dm(-3) HCl solution, with up to 97% recovery. The biosorbents were reused in five biosorption-desorption cycles without a significant loss in biosorption capacity. Heat-killed T. versicolor and P. sajur-caju removed 73% and 81% of the Hg(II) ions, respectively, from synthetic wastewater samples.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2001

Dye-ligand affinity systems.

Dye-ligands have been considered as one of the important alternatives to natural counterparts for specific affinity chromatography. Dye-ligands are able to bind most types of proteins, in some cases in a remarkably specific manner. They are commercially available, inexpensive, and can easily be immobilized, especially on matrices bearing hydroxyl groups. Although dyes are all synthetic in nature, they are still classified as affinity ligands because they interact with the active sites of many proteins mimicking the structure of the substrates, cofactors, or binding agents for those proteins. A number of textile dyes, known as reactive dyes, have been used for protein purification. Most of these reactive dyes consist of a chromophore (either azo dyes, anthraquinone, or phathalocyanine), linked to a reactive group (often a mono- or dichlorotriazine ring). The interaction between the dye ligand and proteins can be by complex combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding. Selection of the supporting matrix is the first important consideration in dye-affinity systems. There are several methods for immobilization of dye molecules onto the support matrix, in which usually several intermediate steps are followed. Both the adsorption and elution steps should carefully be optimized/designed for a successful separation. Dye-affinity systems in the form of spherical sorbents or as affinity membranes have been used in protein separation.

Chromatography, Affinity↗

PubMed2001

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-based magnetic DNA-affinity beads for anti-DNA antibody removal from systemic lupus erythematosus patient plasma.

The aim of this study is to prepare magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (mPHEMA) beads and to investigate their utility for the removal of anti-DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient plasma. mPHEMA beads, in the size range of 80-120 microm, were produced by a modified suspension technique. Then, DNA was coupled onto mPHEMA beads by carbodiimide activation. The amount of ligand coupled was changed by changing the initial concentrations of carbodiimide and DNA. Human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) and anti-DNA antibody adsorption from aqueous solutions and human plasma were examined in a batch system. mPHEMA beads were characterized by swelling tests, electron spin resonance (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy. Important results obtained in this study are as follows: the swelling ratio of mPHEMA beads was 34%. The presence of magnetite particles in the polymeric structure was confirmed by ESR. The mPHEMA beads have a spherical shape and porous structure. Maximum DNA coupling of carbodiimide activated mPHEMA beads was 4.4 mg/g. Maximum HIgG adsorption from an aqueous solution was 47.5 mg/g. Anti-DNA antibody adsorption from SLE plasma was observed as 87.6 mg/g. Non-specific HIgG adsorption was 0.1 mg/g. More than 90% of the adsorbed HIgG molecules and anti-DNA antibodies were desorbed succesfully by using NaSCN solution. It was possible to reuse these DNA-affinity beads without significant losses in the antibody adsorption capacities.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2001

Novel hydrophobic ligand-containing hydrogel membrane matrix: preparation and application to gamma-globulins adsorption.

In this study, phenylalanine as a hydrophobic ligand was covalently attached to the co-monomer methacrylochloride. Then, poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-methacrylamidophenyalanine) [poly(HEMA-MAPA)] membranes were prepared by UV-initiated photopolymerization of HEMA and methacrylamidophenyalanine. The gamma-globulins adsorption onto these affinity membranes from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of gamma-globulins at different pH was investigated in a batch system. The gamma-globulins adsorption capacity of the membranes was increased as the ligand density on the membrane surface increase. The non-specific adsorption of the gamma-globulins on the pHEMA membranes was negligible. The adsorption phenomena appeared to follow a typical Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (q(m)) of the poly(HEMA-MAPA4) membrane for gamma-globulins was 2.37 mg g(-1) dry membrane. The equilibrium constant (k(d)) value was found to be 1.61x10(-1) mg ml(-1). More than 87% (up to 100%) of the adsorbed gamma-globulins were desorbed in 120 min in the desorption medium containing 50% ethylene glycol in 1.0 M NaCl.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Biosorption of cadmium(II), lead (II) and copper(II) with the filamentous fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The biosorption from artificial wastewaters of heavy metals (Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II)) onto the dry fungal biomass of Phanerochaete chryosporium was studied in the concentration range of 5-500 mg l(-1). The maximum absorption of different heavy metal ions on the fungal biomass was obtained at pH 6.0 and the biosorption equilibrium was established after about 6 h. The experimental biosorption data for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions were in good agreement with those calculated by the Langmuir model.

Biomass↗

PubMed2001

Fibronectin purification from human plasma in a packed-bed column system with gelatin immobilized PHEMA microspheres.

Bioaffinity chromatography has a unique and powerful role that is used as a purification tool in the production of therapeutic plasma protein derivatives. In this study, a bioaffinity-ligand, i.e. gelatin, was covalently immobilized with PHEMA microspheres (150-200 microm in diameter). The affinity sorbent carrying 7.5 mg gelatin g(-1) polymer was then used to separate fibronectin from human plasma in a packed-bed column system. Fibronectin separation from human plasma on unmodified PHEMA microspheres was 0.45 mg g(-1), while much higher adsorption values, up to 21.8 mg g(-1), were obtained with gelatin-immobilized microspheres. The fibronectin adsorption capacity of the microspheres decreased with an increase in the recirculation rate of plasma. Fibronectin adsorption increased with decreasing temperature, and the maximum adsorption achieved at 4 degrees C (26.3 mg fibronectin g(-1)). Up to 94.7% of the adsorbed fibronectin was desorbed by using 2 M urea in the presence of 1 M sodium chloride as elution agent. The adsorption-desorption cycle was repeated ten times using the same affinity column. There was no remarkable reduction in the adsorption capacity of the gelatin-immobilized PHEMA microspheres.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2001

Preparation of magnetic dye affinity adsorbent and its use in the removal of aluminium ions.

Aluminium has recently been considered as a causative agent in dialysis encephalopathy, osteodystrophy, and anemia occuring in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to prepare magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (mPHEMA) adsorbent and to investigate it's useability for the removal of Al(III) ions from drinking and dialysis water. Magnetic PHEMA beads in a size range 80-120 microm were produced by a dispersion polymerization technique. Then Alizarin Red was covalenlty attached onto the mPHEMA beads. Al(III) adsorption from aqueous solutions was examined by batch system. mPHEMA beads were characterized by swelling tests, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. Important results obtained in this study are as follows: the swelling ratio of mPHEMA beads was 34%. The presence of magnetite in the polymeric structure was confirmed by ESR. The mPHEMA beads have a spherical shape and porous structure. Alizarin Red loading was 135.8 micromol g(-1) polymer. The maximum Al(III) adsorption was 722 micromol g(-1) polymer at pH 5.0. Non-specific Al(III) adsorption was about 23 micromol g(-1) polymer under the same conditions. High desorption ratios (98%) were achieved by using 0.1 M HNO3. It was possible to reuse the beads without significant loss of Al(III) adsorption capacity.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2000

Human serum albumin chromatography by Cibacron Blue F3GA-derived microporous polyamide hollow-fiber affinity membranes.

An affinity dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA was covalently attached onto commercially available microporous polyamide hollow-fibre membranes for human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption from both aqueous solutions and human plasma. Different amounts of Cibacron Blue F3GA were incorporated on the polyamide hollow-fibres by changing the dye attachment conditions, i.e. initial dye concentration, addition of sodium carbonate and sodium chloride. The maximum amount of Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment was obtained at 42.5 micromol g(-1) when the hollow-fibres were treated with 3 M HCI for 30 min before performing the dye attachment. HSA adsorption onto unmodified and Cibacron Blue F3GA-derived polyamide hollow-fibre membranes was investigated batchwise. The non-specific adsorption of HSA was very low (6.0 mg g(-1) hollow-fibre). Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment onto the hollow-fibres significantly increased the HSA adsorption (147 mg g(-1) hollow-fibre). The maximum HSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0. Higher HSA adsorption was observed from human plasma (230 mg HSA g(-1) hollow-fibre). Desorption of HSA from Cibacron Blue F3GA derived hollow-fibres was obtained using 0. 1 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.5 M NaSCN or 1.0 M NaCl. High desorption ratios (up to 98% of the adsorbed HSA) were observed. It was possible to reuse Cibacron Blue F3GA derived polyamide hollow-fibre without significant decreases in the adsorption capacities.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2000

Protein A-immobilized microporous polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate affinity membranes for selective sorption of human-immunoglobulin-G from human plasma.

Microporous membranes made of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] carrying protein A were used for selective sorption of human-IgG from human plasma. Poly(HEMA) membranes were prepared by a photo-polymerization technique, and activated by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in an alkaline medium (pH 11.5). Bioligand protein A was then immobilized by covalent binding onto these CNBr-activated membranes. The amount of immobilized protein A was controlled by changing pH and the initial concentrations of CNBr and protein A. The non-specific adsorption of protein A on the plain poly(HEMA) membranes was 2.9 microg cm(-2). Maximum protein A immobilization was observed at pH 9.5. Up to 186 microg cm(-2) was immobilized on the CNBr-activated poly(HEMA) membranes. The maximum adsorption of human-IgG on the protein A-immobilized poly(HEMA) membranes was observed at pH 8.0. The non-specific adsorption of human-IgG onto the plain poly(HEMA) membranes was low (about 4.4 microg cm(-2)). Higher human-IgG adsorption values (up to 394 microg cm(-2)) were obtained in which the protein A-immobilized poly(HEMA) membranes were used. Much higher amounts of human-IgG (up to 489 microg cm(-2)) were adsorbed from human plasma. Up to 91% of the adsorbed human-IgG was desorbed by using 0.1 M aminoacetic acid as elution agent. The adsorption-desorption cycle was repeated ten times using the same polymeric membranes. There was no remarkable reduction in the adsorption capacity of the protein A-immobilized poly(HEMA) membranes.

Cyanogen Bromide↗

PubMed1999

Diamine-plasma treated and Cu(II)-incorporated poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) microbeads for albumin adsorption.

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) microbeads prepared by suspension polymerization were treated with diamine-plasmas (i.e. ethylene-diamine (EDA) and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA)) in a glow-discharge reactor in which the exposure time and glow-discharge power were changed between 5 and 30 min and 5 and 20 W, respectively. The amount of nitrogen deposition increased both with increase in exposure time and glow-discharge power. The maximum amounts of nitrogen deposition on the microbeads were 22.3 and 23.4 micromol g(-1) with the EDA- and HMDA-plasmas. Then, Cu(II) ions were incorporated onto the PHEMA microbeads by chelating with the nitrogen-carrying functional groups. Different amounts of Cu(II) ions (2.4-6.8 mg g(-1)) were incorporated on the PHEMA microbeads by changing the initial concentration of Cu(II) ions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto the unmodified PHEMA, diamine-plasma treated PHEMA, and diamine-plasma treated Cu(II)-incorporated PHEMA microbeads was investigated. The non-specific adsorption of BSA on the unmodified microbeads was very low (0.22 mg BSA g(-1)). Deposition of nitrogen increased the BSA adsorption (9.3 mg g(-1) for EDA-plasma and 12.7 mg g(-1) for HMDA-plasma). Cu(II)-incorporation significantly increased the BSA adsorption (154 mg g(-1) for EDA-plasma and 178 mg g(-1) for HMDA-plasma). Further increases in the albumin adsorption capacities of the polymer microbeads (185 mg g(-1) for EDA-plasma and 208 mg g(-1) for HMDA-plasma) were observed when human plasma was used. More than 92% of the adsorbed albumin molecules was desorbed in 1 h in the desorption medium containing 0.5 M NaSCN at pH 8.0. Repeated adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of these plasma-modified polymer microbeads.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1998

Cadmium removal from human plasma by Cibacron Blue F3GA and thionein incorporated into polymeric microspheres.

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) [poly(HEMA-EGDMA)] microspheres carrying Cibacron Blue F3GA and/or thionein were prepared and used for the removal of cadmium ions Cd(II) from human plasma. The poly(HEMA-EGDMA) microspheres, in the size range of 150-200 microm in diameter, were produced by a modified suspension copolymerization of HEMA and EGDMA. The reactive triazinyl dye-ligand Cibacron Blue F3GA was then covalently incorporated into the microspheres. The maximum dye incorporation was 16.5 micromol/g. Then, thionein was bound onto the Cibacron Blue F3GA-incorporated microspheres under different conditions. The maximum amount of thionein bound was 14.3 mg/g. The maximum amounts of Cd(II) ions removed from human plasma by poly(HEMA-EGDMA)-Cibacron Blue F3GA and poly(HEMA-EGDMA)-Cibacron Blue F3GA-thionein were of 17.5 mg/g and 38.0 mg/g, respectively. Cd(II) ions could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with both types of microspheres without significant loss in their adsorption capacity.

Cadmium↗

PubMed1998

Bilirubin removal from human plasma in a packed-bed column system with dye-affinity microbeads.

A dye-ligand. Cibacron Blue F3GA. was covalently coupled with the poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads. The affinity sorbent carrying 16.5 micromol Cibacron Blue F3GA per gram polymer was then used to remove bilirubin from human plasma in a packed-bed column system. Bilirubin adsorption from human plasma on the unmodified poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads was 0.32 mg/g, while much higher adsorption values, up to 24.2 mg/g, were obtained with the dye-attached microbeads. The bilirubin adsorption capacity of the microbeads decreased with an increase in the recirculation rate of plasma. Bilirubin adsorption increased with increasing temperature, and the maximum adsorption achieved at 37 degrees C (32.5 mg bilirubin/g polymer). Bilirubin molecules interacted directly with the immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA molecules. Contribution of albumin adsorption on bilirubin adsorption was also significant.

Absorption↗

PubMed1998

Dye-ligand and metal chelate poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) membranes for affinity separation of proteins.

Cibacron Blue F3GA was covalently immobilized onto poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) pHEMA) membranes via the nucleophilic reaction between the chloride of its triazine ring and the hydroxyl group of pHEMA. Then, Fe3+ ions were complexed by chelation with the immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA molecules. Different amounts of Fe3+ ions were loaded on the membranes by changing the concentration of Fe3+ ions and pH of the reaction medium. Membranes with or without Fe3+ were used in the adsorption of glucose oxidase, catalase and bovine serum albumin. The adsorption capacities of these membranes were determined by changing pH and the concentration of the proteins in the adsorption medium. The adsorption phenomena appeared to follow a typical Langmuir isotherm. The maximum capacities (qm) of the Fe3+ complexed membranes for glucose oxidase, catalase and bovine serum albumin (8.70 x 10(-3) mumol m-2, 2.15 x 10(-3) mumol m-2 and 2.21 x 10(-3) mumol m-2) were greater than those of the untreated membranes (6.79 x 10(-3) mumol m-2, 1.34 x 10(-3) mumol m-2 and 1.94 x 10(-3) mumol m-2) respectively. The nonspecific adsorption of the enzymes and the protein on the pHEMA membranes was negligible.

Catalase↗

PubMed1998

New chelate-forming polymer microspheres carrying dyes as chelators for iron overload.

Dye-incorporated [poly(EGDMA-HEMA)] microspheres were investigated as a new chelate-forming polymer for iron overload. Poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres, in the size range of 150-200 microm, were produced by a modified suspension polymerization of EGDMA and HEMA. The reactive dye-ligands (i.e. Cibacron Blue F3GA, Alkali Blue 6B and Congo Red) were covalently incorporated to the microspheres. The maximum dye incorporations were 16.5 micromol Cibacron Blue F3GA g(-1), 23.7 micromol Alkali Blue 6B g(-1), and 14.5 micromol Congo Red g(-1). The maximum Fe(III) adsorptions on the dye-incorporated microspheres from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of Fe(III) ions were 51.0, 37.3, and 25.1 mg g(-1) for the Cibacron Blue F3GA, Alkali Blue 6B, and Congo Red carrying microspheres, respectively. The maximum Fe(III) adsorptions were observed at pH 4.0 in all cases. Fe(III) removal from human plasma was also investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe(III) ions from human plasma for Cibacron Blue F3GA, Alkali Blue 6B, and Congo Red, were of 12.0, 7.5, and 3.8 mg g(-1) polymer, respectively. It was observed that Fe(III) could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed without significant loss in adsorption capacity.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1997

Dye-incorporated poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres as specific sorbents for aluminum removal.

Aluminum [Al(III)] adsorption onto dye-incorporated poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(EGDMA-HEMA)] microspheres was investigated. Poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres, in the size range of 150-200 microm, were produced by a modified suspension polymerization of EGDMA and HEMA. The reactive dyes (i.e., Congo Red, Cibacron Blue F3GA and Alkali Blue 6B) were covalently incorporated to the microspheres. The maximum dye load was 14.5 micromol Congo Red/g, 16.5 micromol Cibacron Blue F3GA/g and 23.7 micromol Alkali Blue 6B/g polymer. The maximum Al(III) adsorption on the dye microspheres from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of Al(III) ions were 27.9 mg/g, 17.3 mg/g and 12.2 mg/g polymer for the Congo Red, Cibacron Blue F3GA and Alkali Blue 6B, respectively. The maximum Al(III) adsorption was observed at pH 7.0 in all cases. Non-specific Al(III) adsorption was about 0.84 mg/g polymer under the same conditions. High desorption ratios (95%) were achieved in all cases by using 0.1 M HNO3. It was possible to reuse these dye-incorporated poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres without significant losses in the Al(III) adsorption capacities.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1997

New sorbent for bilirubin removal from human plasma: Cibacron Blue F3GA-immobilized poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads.

Cibacron Blue F3GA-immobilized poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were investigated as a specific sorbent for bilirubin removal from human plasma. The poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were prepared by a modified suspension copolymerization technique. Cibacron Blue F3GA was covalently coupled to the poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads via the nucleophilic reaction between the chloride of its triazine ring and the hydroxyl groups of the HEMA molecule, under alkaline conditions. Bilirubin adsorption was investigated from hyperbilirubinemic human plasma on the poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads containing different amounts of immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA, (between 5.0-16.5 micromol/g). The non-specific bilirubin adsorption on the unmodified poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were 0.32 mg/g from human plasma. Higher bilirubin adsorption values, up to 14.8 mg/g, were obtained with the Cibacron Blue F3GA-immobilized microbeads. Bilirubin molecules interacted with these sorbents directly. Contribution of albumin adsorption on the bilirubin adsorption was pronounced. Bilirubin adsorption increased with increasing temperature.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1997

Comparison of albumin binding capacities of three different reactive dye-derivatized poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) microbeads.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto dye-derivatized poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(EGDMA-HEMA)] microbeads carrying three different reactive dye ligands (i.e. Congo Red. Cibacron Blue F3GA, and Alkali Blue 6B) was investigated. Swellable poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads, in the size range of 150-200 microns, were produced by a modified suspension copolymerization of EGDMA and HEMA. The dyes were covalently attached to the microbeads. The maximum amounts of dye loadings were 14.5, 16.5, and 23.7 mumol g-1 for Congo Red, Cibacron Blue F3GA, and Alkali Blue 6B, respectively. The maximum BSA adsorption on the dye-derivatized microbeads from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of BSA were 90, 60.5, and 40 mg g-1 for the Congo Red, Cibacron Blue F3GA, and Alkali Blue 6B carrying microbeads, respectively. The maximum BSA adsorptions were observed at pH 6.0 in all cases. Desorption of albumin molecules were achieved by using 1.0 M NaSCN (pH 8.0). High desorption ratios (more than 85% of the adsorbed BSA) were observed in all cases. It was possible to reuse these novel sorbents without significant losses in the adsorption capacities.

Adsorption↗