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Biomedical subjects

A Dewilde

Publications and source records attributed to A Dewilde.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Detection of enterovirus-specific RNA sequences in explanted myocardium biopsy specimens from patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Enteroviral RNA (EV-RNA) was detected in endomyocardial tissue by means of retrotranscription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by slot-blot hybridization. The myocardial biopsy specimens studied were taken at the time of heart transplantation from 15 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and from 10 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Specimens from 18 (72%) of the 25 patients were positive for EV-RNA, whereas no control specimens (myocardial specimens from 29 healthy organ donors and atrial specimens from 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by anatomic bypass) yielded evidence of EV-RNA. The rates of EV-RNA detection for the two groups requiring heart transplantation did not differ significantly (66.7% vs. 80.0%; chi 2 test). Our findings support a link between enteroviral infection in both DCM and ICM and suggest a pathogenic role for the enteroviruses.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Value of gene amplification of herpesviruses in the diagnosis and treatment of acute viral encephalitis].

Positive diagnosis of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis was rarely obtained in the past, when brain biopsy had been performed. Other tests (HSV antigen and HSV antibodies detection and interferon alpha measurement, in cerebrospinal fluid) failed to prove HSV infection. Polymerase chain reaction has been proposed for accurate and rapid diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. With 35 cycles of a DNA polymerase sequence duplication, sensitivity reaches 95% and specificity 100%. HSV PCR is a useful tool for the diagnosis of acute encephalitis. This should be available in many neurologic clinics. Therapeutic consequences include rapid disruption of aciclovir when clinical features, MRI study and negative PCR suggest non herpetic encephalitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Significance and clinical relevance of the detection of herpes simplex virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with presumed encephalitis.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in 38 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 22 patients (7 children and 15 adults) 1-20 days after the onset of encephalitis. The results were best with amplification on the pellet of the CSF-extracted DNA and with analysis of the amplified products by dot-blotting (sensitivity, 100%). A highly significant difference was evident in the chi 2 test when PCR was compared with specific antigen detection or antibody evaluation (n = 19; chi 2 = 7; sensitivity = 100% vs. 63%) or with interferon alpha determination (n = 20; chi 2 = 11; sensitivity = 95% vs. 42%). PCR was positive as early as 1 day after onset of disease and was often the first test to become positive. The detection of HSV DNA by PCR is the most specific, rapid, and sensitive tool for early diagnosis and therapeutic management of acute HSV encephalitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Multicenter study of the in vitro sensitivity of genital mycoplasmas to antibiotics].

The in vitro susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) was evaluated in a multicentric study performed in seven hospitals from different geographic areas in France. During a three month period, 324 Uu and 72 Mh clinical isolates were tested using a system ready for use, SIR Mycoplasma (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur). For Uu, the percentage of strains intermediate (I) or resistant (R) was as follows: doxycycline (3), minocycline (2.5), lymecycline (6.7), erythromycin (72, most I), josamycin (0.9), clindamycin (88), pristinamycin (0.3), ofloxacin (34, most I). For Mh, the percentage of strains I or R was respectively: doxycycline (2.7), minocycline (5.5), lymecycline (15.2), erythromycin (100), clindamycin (1.4), ofloxacin (2.7), josamycin (0) and pristinamycin (0). Comparable results were observed in the different geographic areas. The frequency of acquired resistances does not justify modifications in the usual treatment of genital mycoplasma infections but leads to monitor their susceptibility to antibiotics.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and replication in human fibroblast cells (MRC-5) of a microsporidian from an AIDS patient.

Many parasitic opportunistic infections occur in AIDS patients. In a young female drug abuser, HIV-positive at the IV stage, a microsporidian was detected and identified in urine by cell culture in fibroblast monolayers (MRC-5) and formally recognized by electron microscopy. This parasite has been involved in hepatitis, myositis and malabsorption syndromes in AIDS patients. Its diagnosis is difficult and this is the first time that its replication has been reported in human diploid cells in vitro.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Production, purification and evaluation of human cytomegalovirus 66 kD structural antigen for antibody detection by ELISA].

An ELISA method using human CMV major polypeptide (66 kD) purified by electroelution was used to detect IgG and IgM antibodies and was compared with a conventional ELISA using the whole virus. The ELISA-66 kD showed a good sensitivity (98.2%) and had a better specificity than the ELISA-whole virus (97.5% versus 80.3%). Cross reactions observed, particularly with sera containing anti-EBV antibodies, were ruled out.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Detection of antibodies to Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using membrane antigen and investigation of the significance of the antibodies.

Optimal conditions of a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a group-specific membrane antigen of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 7 were established with rabbit antisera and applied for the evaluation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in 139 serum specimens from pregnant women between 26 and 38 weeks of gestation, and the assay was compared with microorganism culture and investigated to determine the role of U. urealyticum in perinatal morbidity and mortality. U. urealyticum was isolated from 75 (54%) of 139 patients; 40 had a colonization greater than or equal to 10(6) cells per ml of swab (29%); 64 (85%) of 75 culture-positive patients had IgG antibodies (absorbance mean, 0.650), versus 4 (6%) of 64 culture-negative patients (absorbance mean, 0.103) (P less than 0.001). There was no cross-reactivity with Chlamydia trachomatis infection from patients from whom no mycoplasmas were isolated, but this cross-reactivity occurred in 24% of patients with other mycoplasma infections. There was a good correlation between quantitative evaluation of U. urealyticum colonization and antibody level (P less than 0.05). However, IgM antibody was found in 30% of culture-positive patients but also in 25% of the culture-negative group. Frequency of U. urealyticum colonization was greater in unmarried young women (less than 25 years old) with a history of genital infection, and a significantly greater frequency was detected in patients who smoked (P less than 0.01) and had a lower socioeconomic status (P less than 0.001). A lower infant birth weight was more associated with U. urealyticum colonization greater than or equal to 10(5) cells per ml. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provided an additional means to diagnose and evaluate U. urealyticum infection in pregnant women.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Guillain-Barré syndrome with favorable outcome in a case of recent human immunodeficiency virus infection].

An acute polyradiculoneuropathy occurred in a 30 years homosexual male. E.L.I.S.A. test and Western Blot showed recent infection by H.I.V. Besides, endogenous reinfestation by cytomegalovirus was found: high concentrations of specific IgG antibodies and presence of the virus in the blood. T4 helper cells were severely reduced, without any other sign of cellular immunity failure. None of the two viruses was found in the nervous biopsy. This Guillain-Barre syndrome with a subsequent cellular reaction in the CSF, is probably to be related to an immunoallergic mechanism. Brief increase of antibodies specific for HBsAg and Borrelia Burgdorferri and the beneficial effect of plasmapheresis, supported this view. Two months later, the patient showed superficial lymph nodes hyperplasia, without any other symptom of pre-Acquired Immuno-Depression Syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of viral pneumopathies. Apropos of 76 cases].

Specimens obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (LBA) allow for an examination for viral antigens by a direct technique using monoclonal antibodies and by culture, and the level of IgM and IgG antibodies by the ELISA technique. LBA is used in the screening of immuno-depressed subjects and in the search for an aetiology in overt cases of interstitial pneumonia. Ninety-six specimens of LBA from 76 patients were analysed [38 had immunological deficits of whom 14 had haematological disorders, 15 were transplant cases and there were 9 in the miscellaneous group (group A). There were 38 pneumonias occurring in pre-existing chronic disorders (group B)]. Twenty respiratory viral infections were identified (26.3%): 17 by direct examination or culture (22.4%), 3 by serology. CMV was identified in 14 cases, HSV1 in 4 cases, VZV and VRS in one case each. In the haematological cases there was a positivity of 28.6%, 66% in the transplants (100% for heart transplants), and from 11 to 13.2% in other groups. Ten patients in 56 (17.8%) possessed anti CMV IgG antibodies (the mean level was 745) and 5 had IgM (mean level 18) (9%). One case of pneumonia due to VZV with IgM and IgG in the LBA was reported. In summary, a direct examination by LBA is positive in a quarter of the cases and a culture in three quarters. The conventional methods failed here, showing the frequency of purely localised infections in the respiratory tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Coxsackie B virus infections in cardiology. Apropos of 66 cases].

Coxsackie B virus infections are common and frequently asymptomatic. However in young people, they can cause primary congestive cardiomyopathy and complicate previous cardiovascular illnesses. Virus diagnosis is difficult and based mainly on the detection of significant rising or stating high neutralizing antibody titers. A clinical and epidemiological five years study investigated 3,856 sera. 30.2% of the patients had evidence of a significant antibody titer (greater than or equal to 64) to one of the group B Coxsackie viruses; this percentage reaches 34.6% in cardiology and fluctuates from year to year; Coxsackie B2 is predominant (55.9%) in cardiology; coxsackie B1 and B2 antibody responses were detected more frequently than B3, B4 and B5. Coxsackie B6 appears to be uncommon. From these, 66 patients have evidence of coxsackie B virus infections with 60.2% for Coxsackie B2; they include pericarditis (30.3%), acute and chronic congestive cardiomyopathies (19.7%). Moreover it has been suggested that Coxsackie B virus might be responsible for electrocardiographic abnormalities (9.1%), ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay with purified antigens (VP1 and VP4) did not appear better than microneutralisation for evaluation of IgM and IgG antibodies. To elucidate the mechanisms of cardiac injury it is refer to viral replication, virus specific and auto-reactive T cells cytotoxic activities.

Coxsackievirus Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Anti-Coxsackie antibodies and congestive cardiomyopathies].

During a 4-years period 122 patients admitted to the cardiologic hospital in Lille presented a significative positivity of serological reaction against Coxsackievirus B. Among these patients 19 suffered from acute pericarditis, 4 from cardiac arrhythmias, 3 from Bornholm syndrome and 14 from apparently primary congestive cardiomyopathy. In most of these 14 patients representing 18.4% of congestive cardiomyopathies investigated at the same time, hemodynamic studies and heart scanning with radioactive gallium were performed. 7 of these patients had a chronic (group A) and 7 an acute evolution (group B). In group A the scans were negative 4 times out of 5, whereas in group B they were positive in 5 out of 5 examinations. The control group including 3247 patients coming from the Institut Pasteur exhibited serological positivity in 4.6% of cases. Comparison of this group with that of cardiomyopathies shows a significant difference (p less than 0.001). The authors draw the attention to the frequency of positive serodiagnosis in congestive cardiomyopathy and stress the importance of gallium scintiscanning.

Adult↗