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Biomedical subjects

A Digranes

Publications and source records attributed to A Digranes.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Pivmecillinam treatment of chronic urinary tract infection.

Twenty-eight patients with chronic urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg pivmecillinam orally three times daily for 10 to 15 days. The diagnosis was confirmed by a history of cystitis or cystopyelitis four to six times annually, microscopy of urine sediment, and growth of pathogens in urine specimens obtained by suprapubic bladder puncture. Three days, three and six weeks after completion of therapy the success rates were 24/28, 20/28 and 19/28 respectively. Pivmecillinam was well tolerated. Two patients developed nausea and vomiting. Other side-effects were not observed. Pivmecillinam is a useful drug in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological findings in the transtracheal aspirate from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Transtracheal aspirates from 87 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis who had received no recent antibiotic treatment were examined. A single bacterial species was found in 83% of positive cultures. Predominant pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae which occurred jointly or separately in 50% of positive cultures. Bacteria traditionally considered as non-pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract also appeared to play an aetiological role. Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes were infrequent. No bacterial growth was found in 11 cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Absorption, distribution and elimination of cefazolin in patients with normal renal function.

Cefazolin was given intramuscularly in a dosage of 1.0 g to 13 bed-ridden patients during treatment for various infections, and the pharmacokinetics evaluated in each subject. In 9 patients the mean serum half-life was 2.7 h, whereas in 4 patients--all over 60 years of age--it was significantly above this value. Impaired renal fuction could not explain the prolonged excretion time in the last group.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Susceptibility of 327 clinical isolates to netilmicin.

Netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, was tested against 327 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-negative enteric bacilli. Seventy-two per cent of the isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 0.5 microgram netilmicin per ml, and 93% of the isolates were susceptible to 4 microgram per ml or less. The MICs of netilmicin and gentamicin for 24 Providencia and 38 Pseudomonas isolates were compared. The activity of netilmicin closely paralleled that of gentamicin, 46% of the Providencia isolates and 32% of the Pseudomonas isolates not being inhibited by 4 microgram per ml of either drug.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1978

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy treated with clotrimazole.

An open trial of local clotrimazole therapy in 56 pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by mycotic culture. The patients were given one vaginal tablet daily and cream was applied to the vulva 2 or 3 times daily. Their male partners were treated with cream only. The duration of therapy was 6 days. Fifty of the patients (89.3%) were clinically cured after 6 days of therapy. Six patients (10.7%) had slight complaints and 10 (17.9%) without symptoms or signs of infection harboured Candida albicans or other yeast species in the genital tract. Six of the patients were given a second treatment with clotrimazole and their remaining symptoms subsided. Candidiasis recurred later in pregnancy in 4 of the 56 patients studied. The implications of the presence of Candida in the genital tract are discussed. It is concluded that clotrimazole is an effective antimycotic agent which can be used for vulvovaginal candidasis during pregnancy without causing side effects. Two of the patients had trichomoniasis concurrently. One of these was cured with clotrimazole.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Bladder irrigation in patients with indwelling catheters.

The effect of intermittent bladder irrigation on the bacterial counts in urine samples was studied in patients with indwelling catheter and pre-existing urinary tract infection. Four different irrigating solutions were used. Irrigation with saline or 0.25% acetic acid had no effect on the urinary bacterial count. The bacterial counts were effectively reduced during intermittent irrigation both with 0.02% chlorhexidine and with 0.25% silver nitrate. Silver nitrate gave the greatest reduction of bacterial counts but chlorhexidine is preferable due to fewer side effects and greater convenience.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Transfer of penicillin G and ampicillin into human skin blisters induced by suction.

The antibiotic concentrations in untreated and endotoxin-treated suction blisters was studied in 15 healthy adults. In a pilot study, 2 mega units of penicillin G were given as an intravenous bolus injection to two subjects. For further studies, a single dose of 800 mg bacampicillin was given orally to 13 individuals. The penicillin G concentrations in the blister fluid were highest approximately 15 minutes after the dose, and exceeded that of serum after 1.5 hours. With ampicillin the blister fluid concentration reached maximum levels after approximately 2 hours, were equal to serum levels after 3 hours, and were later persistently in excess of serum levels. The ampicillin half-life was 136 and 100 minutes in the two types of blister fluid, as compared to 65 minutes for serum. A marked differences between the antibiotic concentrations in inflammatory and non-inflammatory blisters was seen in the pilot study with penicillin G. However, in the experiments with bacampicillin, no significant difference was demonstrated. This suction blister technique appears to be a useful method for studies on extravascular antimicrobial activity in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Classification of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the diagnostic laboratory.

One hundred and ninety-eight coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from urines, blood cultures, and pus samples were classified by means of two identification schemes, and their wall teichoic acids were determined serologically. S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. cohnii were identified reliably by the use of five criteria: acid aerobically from sucrose, trehalose, and mannitol, phosphatase production, and sensitivity to novobiocin. Further species, notably S. haemolyticus and S. hominis, could be identified when haemolysis on blood agar plates was included in the criteria group. The investigation shows, that a considerable number of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human specimens belong to species other than S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. These staphylococci can cause human infections and should be identified in the diagnostic laboratory. S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus were found to contain the teichoic acids previously identified in these species. S. cohnii contained the same teichoic acids as S. saprophyticus. No characteristic teichoic acid was demonstrated in the other species, but several strains contained poly C (beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycerol teichoic acid).

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Therapy of infections with cefazolin.

16 patients with acute urinary tract infections, 6 with acute lower respiratory tract infections and 3 with miscellaneous infections were treated with 1 g cefazolin parenterally 3 times daily. All patients, except one in whom therapy was discontinued, were cured. Both intramuscular and intravenous administration resulted in high-peak serum levels, and concentrations after 8 h were still inhibitory to relevant pathogens. The drug was well tolerated and caused, after intramuscular injection, probably less pain than does cephalotin. Cefazolin is a rational choice of therapy in severe cases of acute urinary, respiratory, and other infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of Micrococcaceae from the urinary tract.

Two hundred and seven urinary strains of staphylococci and micrococci were classified biochemically according to Baird-Parker (1963) and by means of a simplified schema. One hundred and thirteen strains belonged to Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermids or S. saprophyticus (64 strains) according to the simplified schema, respectively to Baird-Parker's sub-groups SI, SII or M3. S. saprophyticus was isolated from young, female out-patients, was relatively resistant to novobiocin and contained poly AbetaC (beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl ribitol teichoic acid and beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl glycerol teichoic acid). S. aureus and S. epidermidis were isolated from older, male in-patients, were sensitive to novobiocin and contained poly A (N-acetylglucosaminyl ribitol teichoic acid), respectively poly B (glucosyl glycerol teichoic acid). Ninety-four strains belonging to other Staphylococcus or Micrococcus subgroups could not be classified by the simplified schema. With few exceptions, these strains were sensitive to novobiocin and either gave a precipitin reaction corresponding to poly C or were non-typable with the teichoic acid reference systems used. The simplified schema is recommended for the classification of coagulase-negative strains of Micrococcaceae.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1975

Common enterobacterial antigen in Yersinia enterocolitica.

Production of the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) by strains of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) serotypes 3 and 9 (Winblad), by strains of 5 different Y.e. serogroups (Wauters) and various other bacteria was examined. Antibody against CA was raised by immunization of rabbits with E. coli O 14. Extract prepared from S. typhimurium was used for the sensitization of sheep erythrocytes with CA. Absorption and haemagglutination inhibition experiments showed that CA could be detected in heat extracts from all Y.e. strains examined, and in that from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. CA was not detected in extracts from Pasteurella multocida, Francisella tularensis, Brucella abortus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-CA antibodies could not be demonstrated in serum from rabbits immunized with Y.e. bacteria, but were demonstrated in serum from rabbits immunized with a CA-containing fraction of the Y.e. extract. The possibility of participation of anti-CA antibody in indirect haemagglutination tests for detection of antibody to Y.e. O antigens is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Human serum antibodies against heat-stable antigens from Yersinia enterocolitica.

Human sera, 200 from blood donors and five from patients with infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 (Y.e. 3), were tested by indirect haemagglutination for antibodies against antigens from Y.e. serotypes 3 and 9. Erythrocytes were sensitized using extracts prepared by heating of the bacteria at 100 degrees C for 60 min. All sera tested showed antibody activity against antigen from both Y.e. serotypes. In blood donors, the titres ranged from 4 to 512, and in patients from 512 to 2048 against the Y.e. 3 extract, from 32 to 256 against the Y.e. 9 extract. The results of inhibition and absorption experiments showed that human antibodies against the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) agglutinated the sensitized erythrocytes and that anti-CA antibody was present in all sera tested. Some blood donor sera and all the patient sera also contained antibodies that could not be inhibited by CA when tested against antigen in the Y.e. 3 extract. Only these sera had the ability to agglutinate heat-treated Y.e. 3 bacteria. Presumably these antibodies were directed against the O antigen of the Y.e. 3 strain.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriological findings in transtracheal aspirates from patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis: a preliminary report.

Thirty-six transtracheal aspirates from 34 patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis were examined bacteriologically. Bacteria were isolated from 30 aspirates, 23 of which yielded pure culture. Anaerobic bacteria were found in three aspirates, all in pure culture. This preliminary report indicates a greater complexity of the microbial flora in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis than hitherto appreciated.

Bacteria↗