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Biomedical subjects

A Domínguez

Publications and source records attributed to A Domínguez.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Bioequivalence study of paracetamol tablets: in vitro-in vivo correlation.

The bioequivalence of three chemically equivalent paracetamol generic Mexican products (500 mg tablets) was evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers using the American innovator product (Tylenol, McNeil, Fort Washington, PA), as the reference. Single oral doses of each product were administered at 1-week intervals using a 4 x 4 Latin square design balanced for the first residual effect. The total amount of paracetamol excreted in urine in 24 hr was taken as a measure of bioavailability. In addition, moment analysis was used to estimate in vitro mean dissolution time (MDT) from dissolution profiles obtained following the USP 23 dissolution test specified for paracetamol tablets and to estimate in vivo mean residence time (MRT) from urinary excretion data. Significant differences in the dissolution performance and in the cumulative amount of paracetamol excreted in urine up to 24 hr were observed when the data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05). Classical and Westlake 90% confidence limits, as well as the two-sided t test proposed by Schuirmann, and the Anderson-Hauck power analysis supported the final conclusion that only one of the three generic paracetamol products studied can be considered equivalent to the reference product Tylenol. A linear correlation between in vitro MDT and in vivo MRT was found.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2000

Vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and eicosanoid production in the human placenta from term and preterm pregnancy.

Isolated human placental cotyledons from normal term (37-40 weeks of gestation) and preterm (26-36 weeks of gestation) labor were perfused in vitro, and the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) and its interaction with prostanoids was measured. In the preterm group, ANG II caused greater maximal increases in perfusion pressure than in normal term pregnancies without affecting sensitivity. Also, preparations from normal term pregnancies showed a marked development of tachyphylaxis compared to placentae from preterm pregnancies. Indomethacin (10(-6) M) increased the maximum pressor response to ANG II by 33.6% in normal term, however, in preterm placentas a 39.2% reduction was observed. Infused ANG II 10(-6) M) decreased the concentrations of thromboxane B(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) in both pregnancy groups, but this effect was not statistically different from the baseline values. In the current study, we show that the placenta of preterm pregnancies in basal conditions produce 7.6 times as much thromboxane as the normal term placenta (2,800+/-470 vs. 366.5+/-62 pg/min, respectively), without significant change in prostacyclin levels (preterm 88.6+/-11.0 vs. Term 100.6+/-30.7 pg/min). These observations provide evidence that the contribution of basally released thromboxane from placental tissue appears to contribute to abnormalities in the regulation of fetoplacental hemodynamics in premature pregnancies.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1999

DNA sequencing and analysis of a 40 kb region from the right arm of chromosome II from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 39,648 bp segment, contained in cosmid c32F12, derived from the right arm of chromosome II from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Computer analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of 15 non-overlapping open reading-frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and one tRNA-Thr gene. Six ORFs correspond to the previously known rec14+, tug1+, rum1+, pch1+, gpd1+ and cyr1+ genes. Five ORFs code for putative proteins with significant homology to proteins from other organisms. SPBC32F12.01c shows considerable similarity to human neutral sphingomyelinase, whereas SPBC32F12.03c, SPBC32F12.10 and SPBC32F12.14 exhibit strong homology to glutathione peroxidase, phosphoglucomutase and ubiquitin protein ligase E-3 components from various organisms, respectively. The four remaining ORFs identified show weak or non-significant homology to previously sequenced genes. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession Number AL023796.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in Catalonia in the period 1989-1996. Implications for new vaccination strategy].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the risk factors of hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) in a representative sample of a Catalonian population obtained from 1995 to 1996 and the changes in the prevalence of this infection over the period of 1989-1996. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The prevalence of anti-HAV was determined by an ELISA test in a randomized sample of 2,142 individuals, 884 from 6 to 14 years of age and 1,248 over the age of 15 years. The results were related to sociodemographic variables and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to establish which variables were related to the risk of infection. RESULTS: The global prevalence of HAV infection was 67.8%. The prevalence of HAV infection increased from 3.5% in the group from 5-14 years of age to 99% in that over the age of 64 years (p < 0.001). A higher prevalence was observed in those born outside of Catalonia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97; 95% CI, 2.4-6.4) and in those with a lower level of education (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.9-3.5). In the period 1989-1996 the prevalence of the infection has decreased in the population under the age of 45, the differences being statistically significant in the age groups 10-14 (p < 0.0001) and 25-34 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HAV infection has progressively decreased in Catalonia while it proportionally increases the susceptible population under the age of 45 years. These findings may be important in the design of strategies for the prevention of HAV infection with universal vaccination programs against this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Measles immunity and vaccination policy in Catalonia.

The prevalence of antibodies against measles in a representative sample of the school population in Catalonia was established and the results compared with previous studies. The study was carried out in 1996 using blood samples obtained from schoolchildren aged 6-7 years, 10-11 years, 13 14 years and 15-16 years. 1231 schoolchildren were studied. The global prevalence of antibodies was 96.3%, and a considerable increase was observed with respect to the prevalence in 1986 (89.4%). The level of antibodies was 94% at 6-7 years and 10-11 years, 99.7% at 13-14 years and 98.3% at 15 16 years. These data would suggest the advancement of the administration of the second dose of measles-mumps rubella vaccine to 4 6 years instead of at 11 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease in Catalonia (1996)].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find out the incidence and characteristics of H. influenzae type b invasive disease (HibID) in Catalonia, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An active surveillance of H. influenzae isolated from normally sterile sites was carried out during 1996. Microbiology laboratories of hospitals of Catalonia were periodically contacted by telephone. The serotype of all the strains was studied. RESULTS: The incidence of H. influenzae invasive disease (HIID) was 7.1 per 100,000 in children under 5 years and 1.0 per 100,000 in those over 5 years. The incidence of serotype b was 6.4 per 100,000 children under 5 years and 0.2 above this age. Only three strains belonged to types other than b (d, e and f). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of HIbID is uncommon in Catalonia, lower than that registered in the prevaccine era in other countries and regions of the same geographical area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Structural instability of 297 element in Drosophila melanogaster.

297 element Southern pattern modifications previously detected in mutation accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster were further investigated by in situ hybridisation, Southern blotting with different combinations of genomic digest-probe, and PCR. Only one out of the nine pattern modifications studied could be interpreted as an excision and was detectable by in situ hybridisation to polytene chromosomes. Results were consistent with most pattern modifications being small rearrangements within the body of the element. In agreement with the existence of spontaneous rearrangements of this kind is the observation that many genomic copies of element 297 are defective and these are not limited to heterochromatin. These findings have important implications for the models of transposable element (TE) number regulation as well as for the study of genome evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Spontaneous changes in Drosophila melanogaster transposable elements and their effects on fitness.

Twenty-eight spontaneous alterations modifying the hybridization banding pattern of six families of transposable elements (297, Foldback, copia, jockey, P and hobo) have been fixed in a set of mutation-accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Their effect on fitness has been studied by competition with the original pattern. Most alterations affecting transposable elements were shown to be rearrangements with no detectable effect on fitness, showing that spontaneous transposable element mutations mainly generate minor fitness mutations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Measles epidemiology in Catalonia (Spain): implications for a regional vaccination programme.

BACKGROUND: To analyse progress in measles control it is recommended that immunization programmes be evaluated by means of specific epidemiological disease surveillance. The aim of the study was to analyse a series of measles cases in Catalonia in the light of vaccination records. METHODS: Cases were detected by means of the epidemiological surveillance system and then surveyed for information on: age, sex, clinical symptoms, laboratory confirmation, record of vaccination, place of infection and possible outbreak-related links. The relationship between 'record of vaccination' and the remaining variables was determined using the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The epidemiological survey confirmed that 82.2% of patients (171/208) fulfilled the case criteria. In the multivariate analysis, lack of record of vaccination was associated with age groups < 5 years (OR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.4-11.8) and > 14 years (OR = 19.2; 95% CI: 5.1-220.5). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in vaccination coverage at 15 months and the introduction of vaccination-status monitoring at school-entry age and among those aged > 14 years on entry into the job market, university or military service could contribute to the elimination of measles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica as alternative models for analysing budding patterns and germ tube formation in dimorphic fungi.

The site for bud selection and germ tube emission in two yeasts, Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica, was analysed. Both dimorphic organisms display different patterns of budding, which also differ from those described for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. C. albicans, which is diploid and (until now) lacks a known sexual cycle, buds in an axial budding pattern. During the yeast-hypha transition induced by pH, serum, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or temperature, germ tube emergence occurs at approximately 50% in a polar manner, while the other 50% of cells show non-polar germ tube emission. Y. lipolytica, in which most of the natural isolates are haploid and which has a well characterized sexual cycle, buds with a polar budding pattern independently of the degree of ploidy. Germ tube emission during the yeast-hypha transition in both haploid and diploid cells generally occurs at the pole distal from the division site (bipolar). The addition of hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, also produces different effects. In its presence, and therefore in the absence of DNA synthesis, the yeast-hypha transition is completely abolished in Y. lipolytica. By contrast, in C. albicans germ tube emission in the presence of HU is similar to that observed in control cultures for at least 90 min under induction conditions. These results demonstrate that, rather than a single developmental model, several models of development should be invoked to account for the processes involved in the morphological switch in yeasts (the yeast-hypha transition).

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1999

Successful radiofrequency ablation of an accessory pathway during pregnancy.

The preexcitation syndrome is a rare entity during pregnancy. We present a 20-week pregnant patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and recurrent episodes of tachycardia with hemodynamic compromise refractory to medical treatment that required electrical cardioversion several times. Due to the poor evolution we performed a successful radiofrequency ablation of a right posteroseptal accessory pathway using 70 seconds of total fluoroscopy time without complications. We consider this is an alternative and safer treatment in those cases in which the tachyarrhythmias compromise the hemodynamic state during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction technique for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae].

BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the central nervous system (CNS), most frequently caused by Neisseria meningitidis in our setting. Microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is not enough sensitive because its efficiency can be affected by the therapeutic regimen given to the patient. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide a more sensitive diagnosis and allow us to get an earlier result. OBJECTIVES: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR technique for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by N. meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients who were attended because of suspected bacterial meningitis on the Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and had negative results by conventional laboratory methods, were selected for the study. A total of 99 cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) were obtained and evaluated for PCR. DNA extracts of the CSF samples were amplified by universal primers. Amplification products were hybridized with specific probes for Haemophilus genus and N. meningitidis. Positive and negative controls were included to asses the reliability of PCR. RESULTS: Eight of the 99 CSF samples (8%) were positive by PCR and subsequent hybridization with the specific probe of N. meningitidis. None of the amplicons hybridized with the probe of Haemophilus genus. Thirteen percent of the patients (8/59) with clinical suspicious of non-neonatal sepsis or meningitis were diagnosed by PCR, amongst them, 36% of the cases (4/11) with initial diagnosis of meningococcal sepsis or meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and the specificity of the PCR technique afford a complementary method to conventional ones, in special for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in the group of pediatric patients.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Measles: effect of a two-dose vaccination programme in Catalonia, Spain.

The study reports incidences of measles in Catalonia, Spain, as detected by surveillance, and analyses the specific characteristics of the outbreaks reported for the period 1986-95. Incidences per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for the period 1971-95. The following variables were studied: year of presentation, number of cases, median age, transmission setting, cases with a record of vaccination and preventable cases. Associations between variables were determined using odds ratios (OR). The incidence of measles declined from 306.3 cases in 1971 to 30.9 in 1995. A total of 50 outbreaks were investigated. The outbreaks that occurred in the last two years of the study had a higher likelihood of having a transmission setting other than primary school (OR = 3.9); a median case age > 10 years (OR = 7.2); and fewer than 6 cases (OR = 2.3). The characteristics of recent outbreaks, marked by a rise both in transmission outside the primary-school setting and in median age, indicate the need for the introduction of a specific vaccination programme at the end of adolescence in addition to control of school-related outbreaks.

Adolescent↗