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Biomedical subjects

A Dougall

Publications and source records attributed to A Dougall.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cognitive function and information processing in type 2 diabetes.

AIMS: To determine whether uncomplicated Type 2 diabetes is associated with impairment of cognitive function and information processing ability. METHODS: Thirty-eight participants with uncomplicated Type 2 diabetes and 38 non-diabetic controls were studied. The two groups were comparable for age and premorbid intellectual ability, and did not have other medical disorders likely to affect cognitive function. An extensive battery of tests was administered which assessed different levels and domains of cognitive functions including verbal and visual memory, executive function, general mental ability and efficiency of information processing. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the diabetic and control groups on any measure of cognitive function or information processing. The performance on these tests was not associated with recent glycaemic control (assessed by HbA1c). Duration of diabetes, however, correlated significantly with poorer performance on several measures of verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that some aspect of Type 2 diabetes (as indexed by the estimated duration of the disorder) does relate significantly to cognitive function within the group with diabetes. However, other diabetes-related factors, such as macrovascular disease, hypertension and depression, may contribute more to previously observed cognitive decrements in Type 2 diabetes.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2001

Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.

OBJECTIVE: Women have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men. The authors examined prior trauma, PTSD, major depression, anxiety disorder not including PTSD, and peritraumatic dissociation; current peritraumatic dissociation; and passenger injury as possible explanations for the different rates of acute PTSD in women and men after a serious motor vehicle accident. METHOD: Subjects age 18-65 years who had been in a serious motor vehicle accident (N=122) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire-Rater Version 1 month after the accident. RESULTS: Women did not differ from men in meeting the overall reexperiencing criterion for a diagnosis of PTSD (criterion B), but women were at greater risk for the specific reexperiencing symptoms of intense feelings of distress in situations similar to the motor vehicle accident and physical reactivity to memories of the motor vehicle accident. Women were 4.7 times more likely than men to meet the overall avoidance/numbing criterion (criterion C) and 3.8 times more likely to meet the overall arousal criterion (criterion D). Women were more likely than men to report the criterion C symptoms of avoiding thoughts and situations associated with the accident, loss of interest in significant activities, and a sense of foreshortened future and the criterion D symptoms of trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and exaggerated startle response. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the gender differences in acute PTSD were not associated with prior trauma, PTSD, peritraumatic dissociation, major depression, or anxiety disorder not including PTSD or with passenger injury. However, peritraumatic dissociative symptoms at the time of the accident were associated with a significantly higher risk for acute PTSD in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in peritraumatic dissociation may help explain differences in risk for PTSD and for some PTSD symptoms in women and men.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

Rethinking patient satisfaction: patient experiences of an open access flexible sigmoidoscopy service.

The high morbidity and mortality rates for colo-rectal cancer in Teesside, UK, have led to the initiation of an open access service in two local National Health Service Trust hospitals. This paper reports the results of a pilot patient satisfaction study of the service using a combination of participant-observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaire methods. Although offering a standardised service, ethnographic study revealed interesting differences in practice and follow-up procedures between the two hospitals. Patients, both verbally and on paper, expressed high levels of satisfaction with the services offered at both hospitals, yet in-depth, qualitative research revealed a more complex picture. The evidence from this research will be used to argue that standard consumer satisfaction questionnaires of health provision are inadequate indicators of patients' experience of health care delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Turnaround time of in-patient discharge letters: a simple system of audit.

This user-friendly audit system, successfully developed and implemented in a district general hospital for use across all clinical specialties, is able to calculate the turnaround time of final discharge letters and as a consequence identify any areas of delay between patients' discharge and the letter being mailed. By serially monitoring both individual consultant and specialty performance, the system can provide valuable information on the discharge letter process to Purchaser and Provider alike. A copy of the audit system together with details of audit design and methodology is available to interested clinicians, managers and audit facilitators.

Communication↗
PubMed1988

Direct measurements of fetal cerebral blood-flow velocity with duplex Doppler ultrasound.

A new Doppler technique for assessing the fetal cerebral circulation is described. Cerebral blood-flow velocity was measured in 15 fetuses and 18 neonates of similar gestational age. The median fetal and neonatal velocities were 4.5 cm/s and 8 cm/s, respectively, with a larger range in the neonatal values. This technique is a noninvasive method of studying fetal cerebral physiology and may be of value in detecting intra-uterine asphyxia.

Blood Flow Velocity↗