Biomedical subjects

A Dzhurov

Publications and source records attributed to A Dzhurov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1987

[Toxicological and pharmacokinetic research on lincomycin hydrochloride in broiler chickens and layer hens].

Tested was the activity of linkomycin hydrochloride at the rate of 820 IU/mg. The LD50 of the preparation was found to exceed 12.0 g/kg body mass at intracrop application to broiler birds. When offered with the drinking water or the feed in amounts that were 3 to 5 times higher than the therapeutic ones for broilers in the course of 45 days it did not cause mortality nor induced changes in the white and red blood cell counts, in the total protein, and in the levels of urea, blood sugar, AlT, and AcT. Neither were there any structural changes in the internal organs. Upon the single intracrop treatment of broilers with linkomycin at 50 and 100 mg/kg most of the amount introduced was established in the blood serum at the second hour and up to the 6th and 8th hour, respectively. Studies on the effect of age on the serum concentrations at this route of introduction revealed that the preparation was absorbed at higher rates in the broilers than in the layers, while with the persistence of the levels there were no essential differences. At the single oral administration with broilers in amounts of 100 mg/kg linkomycin was chiefly retained in the kidneys, liver, and lungs as well in the content of the small and large intestines. At intracrop application to layers in doses of 100 mg/kg in the course of 7 days the antibiotic was excreted with the eggs at the time of treatment and in the course of 4 days later in bacteriostatic concentrations of 0.6-5.9 micrograms/cm3.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Toxicity and nutritive action of Pharmakhim's sodium monensin in weaned lambs].

Tested was the monensin-Na Pharmakhim preparation (commercial formula Monensin-100, a 10 per cent premix of monensin-sodium) with weaned lambs with regard to toxicity, tolerance, nutritive action, distribution, and residual amounts in the body as well as with special reference to its effect on meat quality. It was found that doses of 15 mg/kg body mass were well tolerated, with no changes in both behaviour and appetite. The minimum lethal dose was 30 mg/kg b. m. Medicated feed, containing Monensin-100 at rates 10, 20, and 30 ppm, offered to the animals in the course of 90 days produced a positive effect after the 30th day, acting best in conc. of 30 ppm. In the amounts referred to Monensin-100 negligibly stimulated the process of hemopoiesis; more substantial was the improvement of the carbohydrate metabolism, raising the amount of blood sugar (better at the rate of 30 ppm). Histologic investigations of parenchymal organs of the animals treated with nutrient amounts of the preparation revealed no degenerative changes. Neither was there any negative effect on the tested organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological indices of the meat obtained following the use of Monensin-100 in the concentrations referred to. The withdrawal time at slaughtering weaned lambs that had been offered Monensin-100 with the feed in the course of 90 days with regard to the concentrations cited above was shown to be at least 48 hours.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1987

[Histogenesis of granulation tissue in wound healing by second intention in horses and cattle].

An experiment in comparative developmental aspect was carried out with 5 horses and 5 cattle having a total of 60 skin and muscular wounds. Light microscopic studies on hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations revealed that the dystrophic changes in the underlying tissues were more strongly manifested in horses. This had to be taken into consideration in the surgical treatment of wounds with this animal species. The basic differences comprised the better manifested leukocytic reaction in horses and the more strongly expressed processes of growth and differentiation on the part of the connective tissue after the tenth day of wounding in cattle. The definitive formation of granular tissue in horses took place in shorter terms than in cattle. In the fully developed new tissue in horses three different layers were found: leukocytic, vascular-fibroblastic, and a maturing one, while in cattle the layers found were four: fibrous tissue, heterophilic-leukocytic, vascular-fibroblastic, and a maturing one.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Effect of ochratoxin on the health status of broilers].

An experiment was carried out with 7-day-old broiler birds to assess the effect of ochratoxin A on their health. A standard feed mixture, containing 4 mg/kg ochratoxin A in pure substance, was offered to the birds in the course of 21 days. No severe clinical symptoms and death cases were observed during the experimental period. However, both the growth and the development of the birds were arrested along with an increase in the relative weight of the kidneys and changes in their morphology--vascular disturbances and dystrophy more strongly manifested in the kidneys and to a weaker extent seen in the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus, and other organs.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1987

[Experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers].

Aflatoxicosis was induced under experimental conditions in two groups of broiler birds fed in the course of the entire fattening period upon feed, containing 0,250 and 0,600 ppm aflatoxin. Dependable changes were established in the investigated haematological and biochemical indices. There was a drop of the body weight and an increase in the feed to gain ratio. Pathologic changes were recorded in the liver.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1985

[Toxicological research on a protein-vitamin B12 concentrate in broiler chicks].

Studied were the acute and the subchronic toxicity, and the total tolerance of birds with regard to the Bulgarian protein-vitamin concentrate B12 (PVC-B12) with manifested activity of 230 mg per kilogram. With single introduction into the crop at rates of up to 20 g/kg PVC-B12 had no unfavourable effect on the health of birds. The same applied to its manifold use over a period of 10 days when given with the feed in amounts that exceeded ten and twenty times the recommended prophylactic and stimulating doses. As feed supplement at rates of 4 and 12 g/100 kg in the course of 56 days the preparation did not induce changes in the appetite, behaviour, general condition, clinical and biochemical composition of the blood, and structural organization and development of the viscera.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1985

[Preclinical research on Pharmachim's ronidazole].

Ronidazol-Pharmachim (RPh) in the form of 10 per cent water-soluble powder was studied in terms of resistance to various values of pH of the surrounding medium, acute toxicity, the species-specific tolerance of various mammals of it, its subchronic toxicity and residual amounts with pigs. The preparation was found to be stable in water solutions (pH 5.0 to 9.0) in the course of at least 96 hours, and in n HCl--for more than a month. At oral administration LD50 of RPh was 34000 mg (2982 divided by 3876) per kg for albino rats weighing 150-200 g. At intraperitoneal injection in the form of pure substance LD50 was 1500 mg (1320 divided by 1690) per kg. With pigs at single oral application at the rates of 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg (= 20-30 times the ED50) RPh was tolerated with no changes in the behaviour and appetite. When used with the drinking water at rates of 60, 180, and 300 ppm in the course of 30 days there was no unfavourable effect on the gain and the blood picture and no injury of the structure of viscera of pigs. In concentrations of 180 ppm it was shown to stimulate the growth of pigs. The withdrawal time with pigs given RPh with the drinking water was at least 72 hours after the preparation was offered last.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Pathomorphology of acute furazolidone poisoning in calves].

Studied was the morphologic picture in a total of 13 calves spontaneously intoxicated with furazolidon following its overrating and use once and severalfold as a therapeutic means against infectious enteritis. There were hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue and the muscles, kidneys, abomasum, spleen, and heart as well as liver dystrophia and hyperemia and edema of the leptomeninges and the brain cortex. Histologically, there were hyperemia, strong and diffuse pericellular and perivascular edema of the cerebrum and the cerebellum with degenerative changes in the Purkinje layer, fatty degeneration and biliary thrombi in the liver, hemorrhages and activation of the endothelial cells and glomeruli of the kidneys, hyperemia and fatty infiltration of the myocardium, and hemorrhages in the spleen.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1984

[Quality of meat from lambs fattened on feed mixtures with added bacterial protein].

Physico-chemical, microbiologic, and histologic investigations were carried out with meat and parenchymal organs of lambs offered feed mixtures with a supplement of bacterial protein on methanol basis in fattening the animals up to 35 kilograms. The addition of 5 per cent bacterial protein which replaced in terms of protein equivalent 60 per cent of the sunflower oil meal and totally the amount of urea in the mixtures had no negative effect on the physical and chemical composition of the meat and its biologic value. Histologically, no degenerative changes in the skeletal muscles and parenchymal organs were found. There was hypofunction of the thyroid gland in the test lambs. No pathogenic and occasionally pathogenic organisms were found in the sampled meat and organs.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1984

[Pathomorphology of stachybotryotoxicosis in calves during the nursing period].

An enzootic of stachybotryotoxicosis was established on a dairy farm in 35-46-day-old calves due to the use of straw contaminated with Stachybotrys alternans. Studied were the epizootiology, the clinical picture, and chiefly the morphology of the disease. A characteristic clinical feature was the edema in the intermandibular space. Morphologically, there were numerous hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, abomasal and intestinal mucosa, kidney cortex, and urinary bladder as well as ulcerous and erosive colitis, edematized mesenterial lymph nodes and occasionally catarrhal and necrotic stomatitis, icterus, and perirenal edema. Contrary to the gross lesion picture known there were no changes in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum which were not sufficiently developed during that period. Histologically, there were degenerative nephrosis, focal hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis (occasionally coupled with bacterial embolization and dystrophic calcification of the kidneys), granular degeneration of the liver and heart, hemorrhages and edema of the lungs, and edema, hyperemia, and thrombi in the brain.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Toxicological studies of a combination of technical tylosin phosphate with bentonite (farmazin TB)].

Studied were both the acute and subchronic toxicity of technical tylosine phosphate (TP), produced at the Research Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Sofia, used in combination with bentonite, known as Pharmasine TB. Pharmasine TB was practically untoxic for albino mice and birds at oral application. Neither toxic nor lethal effects were observed after giving it once, twice, and three times at a 2-hour interval at rates of 5 and 10 g per kg body mass. Calves and pigs also showed very good tolerance for the preparation at oral application. At prolonged application via the feed (30 days) in amounts of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 per cent (equal to 100, resp., 300 and 500 ppm with regard to tylosine in active matter) Pharmasine TB was shown to stimulate the weight gain on the basis of the better utilization of feed, having no unfavourable effect on the appetite, behaviour, clinical and biochemical composition of blood, and the morphologic structure of the viscera in pigs. Used in the same way with birds at the rates of 3, 5, and 10 per cent (equal to 450, resp., 750 and 1500 ppm with regard to tylosine in active matter) for a time period of 60 days the preparation did not lead to deviations in terms of the most clinical and morphological indices, however, it inhibited the weight gain by 3.2 to 8.1 per cent. According to the authors, this was due incomplete biologic value of the medicated feeds and their improper utilization because of the introduction of rather greater amounts of bentonite with Pharmasine TB.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Species-specific toxicity of arprinocid in mammals and birds].

Studied was the species-specific tolerance and the subchronic toxicity of the arprinocid coccidiostatic (9-/2-chloro-6-fluorophenylmethyl/9H-pirineamine) in the form of a 12% premix with trade mark Arpocox, Merk Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories. It was found that at single oral application arprinocid led to the intoxication of broiler birds at 50 mg/kg, turkey poults-at up to 18 mg/kg, ducklings--up to 18 mg/kg, goslings--up to 6 mg/kg, calves--up to 10 mg/kg, lambs--up to 60 mg/kg, pigs--up to 30 mg/kg. The lethal dose for chickens was over 100 mg/kg, turkeys and duckling--30 mg/kg, and goslings--18 mg/kg. Arprinocid given with the feed to chicken broilers in conc. 60 ppm for 30 days did not lead to side effects. In conc. of 120 and especially 180 ppm there was retardation of growth with birds and inhibition of hemopoiesis. With pigs the preparation in conc. 60 to 180 ppm given with the feed had no effect on the growth and consumption of feeds; in 120 ppm and especially in 180 ppm it inhibited the hemo- and erythropoiesis. With chickens and pigs arprinocid in 180 ppm did not cause degenerative and inflammatory changes in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, testes, ovaria, adrenals, thyroid, and skeletal muscles.

Adenine↗

PubMed1982

[Bulgarian potassium-calcium zeolite in the prophylaxis of digestive tract disorders in calves].

Scientific and economic trials were carried out to test the prophylactic effect of Bulgarian K-Ca zeolite products in the prevention of digestive troubles in calves, corresponding to the State Standard production branch requirements of 33675789-79, and to 0.00-0.01 mm (France). When applied at the rate of 2 per cent constituent of the daily milk ration from the first to the fifteenth day after calving it was found to produce a good prophylactic effect against digestive disturbances. It was also found that there was enhancement of the general resistance in calves. This resulted in lower morbidity and mortality rates, and shortening the period of illness in calves that received zeolite. By the end of the experimental period there was a definite rise of the blood albumins, the sum total of the gamma-globulins, the hemoglobin value, and the absolute values of granulocytes and lymphocytes.

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed1981

[Pathomorphology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves].

The morphologic changes were studied in the parenchymal and digestive organs of a total of 39 calves with gastroenteritis from which pathogenic Escherichia coli organisms were isolated. A correlation was established between the age of calves and the forms of gastroenteritis manifestation. In 1 to 3-day-old calves 63.6 per cent of the cases presented histologic changes of enteritis, and 36.3 per cent presented the septic form of the disease, while in 4 to 7 day-old calves these forms were presented in equal percent. In 8 to 12-day-old animals septic changes were seen in 71.4 per cent of the cases, and toxic changes-in 28.5 per cent. The same age group showed initial changes typical of catarrhal (28.2 per cent) and interstitial (37.7 per cent) pneumonia. With the advance in age the histologic changes of septicaemia showed a rising trend as against the enterotoxaemic and enterotoxic form. The coli infections in 90 per cent of the investigated cases were accompanied by degenerative changes in the kidneys. In calves with nervous symptoms there were hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and status cribrosus of the brain, and occasionally - lymphocytic and leukocytic infiltrations in the leptomeninges.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1980

[Toxicity of hydroxyquinoline derivatives].

We studied a 90 day toxicity in dogs of the compound broxyquinoline + broxaldine--5:1 (enteroquin), applied orally and daily in doses of 0.1 and 0.2/kg t/24 h. We established the toxic manifestations during the period after the 15th day of the treatment: leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytosis (by 0.2 kg t/24 h). After the second and fifth day we observed a decrease of appetite, depression of the CNS, paralyses, arrhythmia, progressing loss in weight, proteinorrhea (more pronounced with those receiving 0.2/kg t (24 h); lethal consequence with some part of the animals 25% (ba 0.1/kg t) and 50% (by 0.2 kg t). We found out pathohistologically necrobiotic changes in the medulla oblongata and the kidneys, toxic distrophy of the liver, blood-vessel injuries. The toxic changes observed can be interpreted in connection with the presence of a species specific reaction.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Effect of high doses of the toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis strains on mice and sheep].

The investigation on Bac. thuringiensis toxines applied orally and subcutaneously on experimental white mice and on sheep proved that high doses of the dipel endotoxin are most toxic for mice of all strains (No. 862, 2E, 171) and spores and crystals of strain ND-1 used in dipel injection. The endotoxin of strain 862 applied orally to sheep at a dose of 10 cm3/kg body weight caused slight changes only to some paraclinical indices, namely: total protein, carotene, etc. Exotoxin had none or only slight toxic effect. The remaining strains applied to high doses proved almost harmless to mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Pathomorphological studies in experimental simazine poisoning of sheep].

Studied were the morphologic changes in the viscera of 14 sheep and 2 goats experimentally intoxicated via the oral administration of simasin at various rates. The gross lesions consisted of catarrhal and hemorrhagic typhlitis, liver dystrophia, and enlargement of the gallbladder. Histologically, the acute cases presented granular degeneration of the liver and kidneys, oedema of the lungs, fatty infiltration of the myocardium, oedema, hyperemia, and hemorrhages in the brain. In the cases of chronic intoxication there were fatty degeneration of the liver as well as dystrophic changes in the testes, cerebrum, and cerebellum and diffuse granular degeneration of the kidney. Chronic intoxication of sheep with simasin at 1.4 and 3.0 mg per kilogram led to hypofunction of the thyroid; doses of 6.0 and 25 mg kg caused colloid struma while acute toxicity with 250 mg/kg (once and twice treated animals) caused parenchymal struma. A drop in the content of liver glycogen and degranulation of the mastocytes of the mesentery were also observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Chronic zinc-bacitracin toxicity in chickens].

The administration of zink-bacitracin, mainly bacipharmin, at rates of 300 mg per kg with the feed did not produce toxic effects in birds: there were no changes in the general condition and the blood picture, the activity of SGPT and SGOT, the blood level of sugar, and the microstructure of the viscera over a period of 90 days. However, doses of 1000 mg/kg of the preparation given with the feed to chickens led to sporadic cases of slightly expressed karyopycnosis in the renal tubules. Established was a growth-stimulating effect. By the end of the experimental period the relaive weight of the adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, and heart in the treated birds was lower in most of the cases as compared with the weight of the same organs in the control birds.

Alanine Transaminase↗