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Biomedical subjects

A E Bonebakker

Publications and source records attributed to A E Bonebakker.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Memory during general anesthesia: practical and methodological aspects.

Evidence coming from several studies into memory and awareness during general anesthesia suggests that in surgical patients who seem to be adequately anesthetized (i.e., unaware of what happens in the operating theater), some form of cognitive functioning is preserved. This finding has important implications both for clinical practice and for memory research. In order to give the methodological background of the present situation in this field of research, this article deals, on the basis of recent experiments, with important methodological aspects of studies into perception and memory during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Information processing during general anesthesia: evidence for unconscious memory.

Memory for words presented during general anesthesia was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, surgical patients (n = 80) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were presented shortly before and during surgery with words via headphones. At the earliest convenient time after surgery (within 5 h) and 24 h later, memory was tested by asking patients to complete auditorily presented word stems with the first word that came to mind and to leave out words they remembered having heard earlier (exclusion task). Moreover, patients were requested to perform a "yes/no" forced-choice recognition task to assess recognition memory for both the pre- and intraoperative words. Memory for the material presented during anesthesia was demonstrated immediately after surgery and 24 h later by means of both tasks. In a second similar experiment (n = 80), the results were replicated. These findings show that anesthetized patients can process information that was presented intraoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a brief review.

Memory can be assessed with either explicit or implicit tasks. Implicit memory tasks, in contrast with explicit tasks, do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance that can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on implicit tasks. Recently, researchers have studied the implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual, implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurologic systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into the implicit memory of Alzheimer patients are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Implicit memory in patients with Alzheimer disease: a concise review].

Experimental psychologists have made a distinction between explicit and implicit memory tasks. In contrast to explicit tasks implicit ones do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning episode. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance which can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients, by definition, perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on certain implicit tasks. In recent years, investigators have studied the implicit memory capabilities of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly persons, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurological systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into implicit memory in Alzheimer patients are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Korsakoff syndrome].

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Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Implicit memory during balanced anaesthesia. Lack of evidence.

The effect of the number of presentations on implicit memory for words was studied in anaesthetised patients. During standardised, balanced anaesthesia, 81 surgical patients were presented with less common specimens of familiar word categories. For each of three word categories the number of word presentations varied between the patients (0 (control), 5, or 30 presentations). Postoperatively, repetition priming was tested by asking patients to generate exemplars for each of the word categories. No implicit memory for the words presented during anaesthesia was found and consequently no effect of number of word presentations could be demonstrated. It is suggested that this finding, which contradicts previous results, may be caused by the relatively low familiarity of the words used.

Adult↗