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Biomedical subjects

A E Ehigiegba

Publications and source records attributed to A E Ehigiegba.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis C virus in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of probable iatrogenic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection following transfusion of donor blood that has not been screened for HCV. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Screening for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus is routine in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. HCV screening was performed on transfused bags of donor blood selected at random. The detection of anti-HCV was based on the principle of double antigen sandwich immunoassay, in which purified recombinant antigens are employed sufficiently to identify anti-HCV. The outcomes of interest included the proportion of HCV-positive units of transfused donor blood, the source of blood and the total number of units of blood processed in the hospital blood bank. RESULTS: A total of 4532 units of donor blood were procured in the blood bank. Of these, 4132 units were certified as fit for transfusion following the hospital protocols. The sources of the transfused blood samples were commercial blood donors [89.2% (n = 3687)] and targeted donation [10.8% (n = 445)]. One hundred and ninety-two transfused blood samples were randomly screened for HCV, and 3% (n = 6) were found to be positive (95% confidence intervals 0.007-0.06). The likely risk of iatrogenic transfusion-related HCV infection was estimated to be 129 cases/year at the present rate of utilization of donor blood at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. CONCLUSION: There is a risk of iatrogenic transfusion-transmitted HCV in the study hospital. Hospitals in Nigeria should screen for HCV prior to allogeneic transfusion, which may help in avoiding transfusion-related HCV and its probable long-term effects.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2001

Myomectomy during cesarean section.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the intra- and post-operative complications of cesarean myomectomy. METHODS: The study design was descriptive, and the setting was the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital and two private consultant units, all in Benin City. The subjects were 25 pregnant women undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section at these units. The outcome measures were blood loss and need for blood transfusion, intra- and post-operative complications and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: Eighty-four fibroids of various sizes (2-10 cm) were removed from the 25 women. The fibroids were on the anterior uterine wall with most (94.8%) being sub-serous or intramural, and only few (five) sub-mucous. The mean blood loss was 876+/-312 ml, range 400-1700 ml. Five patients (20%) had two units of whole blood transfusion. There was no case of severe hemorrhage necessitating hysterectomy. Eighteen patients (72%) had post-operative morbidities mainly of anemia [15 (60%); hematocrit 26+/-2.9%). The average duration of post-operative hospital stay was 7.4+/-2.2 days (range 3-12 days). Three (12%) patients have subsequently become pregnant, two (66.7%) of whom had normal vaginal deliveries, while the third had a repeat elective cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: With adequate experience and the use of high dose oxytocin infusion (intra- and post-operatively), myomectomy at cesarean section is not as hazardous as many now believe.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Vasorelaxant effect of thiopentone in isolated human epigastric arteries.

The experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of thiopentone-induced inhibition of contractile responses in isolated human epigastric arteries. Segments of human epigastric arteries were obtained from patients who underwent elective or emergency caesarean section, placed in standard physiological salt solution (PSS), cut into rings at 3 mm intervals and suspended in organ baths for recording of isometric contractions at 37 degrees C, and pH 7.4. Three protocols were employed to examine the inhibitory effect of thiopentone: (a) concentration-dependent effect on 10(-7) M noradrenaline (NA)- or high-K+ (40 mM)-induced contractions: (b) effect on NA-induced extra-and intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent contractions and (c) effect on the dose-response curve when Ca2+ is restored to Ca(2+)-depleted rings in Ca(2+)-free 40 mM K(+)-depolarizing medium. Thiopentone (1 x 10(-6) -4 x 10(-3) M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of both NA- and high-K(+)-induced contractions. The magnitudes of both precontractions were not significantly different but the IC50 values for thiopentone relaxation of high-K+ contractions were significantly lower than for NA contractions. Thiopentone (10(-4) M) significantly attenuated the phasic (intracellular Ca2+ dependent) contractile responses to 10(-5) M NA in Ca(2+)-free PSS as well as the tonic (extracellular Ca2+ dependent) contractions upon restoration of Ca2+. In contrast, nifedipine (1 microM) did not modify the phasic response but significantly attenuated the tonic response. Thiopentone (10(-4) M) also almost completely abolished concentration-dependent Ca(2+)-induced contractions in K(+)-depolarized Ca(2+)-depleted rings. The results suggest that in the smooth muscle of human epigastric arteries, thiopentone-induced relaxation is non-specific and is associated with impairment of Ca2+ supply from both extracellular and intracellular pools.

Calcium↗
PubMed1998

Female circumcision and determinants in southern Nigeria.

One hundred and ninety two postnatal women and ninety five newly born baby girls were prospectively investigated at the six weeks postnatal clinic of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria between January 1, 1996 and April 30, 1996. Circumcision was clinically verified in 65% of the mothers and in 38% of the baby girls. The decision to circumcise the babies was taken in over 90% of cases by husbands even though this was opposed by wives in 19% of cases. Significantly more circumcised than uncircumcised baby girls had circumcised mothers (P < 0.01) and maternal low educational status was significantly related (P < 0.01) to the tendency to circumcise the babies. There was lack of antenatal counselling of most mothers. It is concluded that while the incidence of female circumcision may be declining, attention needs to be focused on proper community enlightenment as well as the role of the male in the decision to circumcise daughters.

Circumcision, Male↗
PubMed1991

Effects of oral contraceptive on fibrinogen levels in African women.

Fibrinogen levels were determined in 100 women on oral contraceptive pills (OCP), aged 17-46 years, and 100 apparently healthy women with regular menstruation and no previous history of hormonal therapy, aged 20-40 years, who served as controls. The women on OCP had significantly higher plasma fibrinogen concentration than the control (P less than 0.001). There was a cumulative increase in plasma fibrinogen level from three months of usage. We conclude that prolonged use of OCP may result in the development of circulatory and vascular disorders related to hyper-fibrinogenaemia and other clotting factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myomectomy in pregnancy: incarcerated pedunculated fibroid in an umbilical hernia sac.

We describe a rare case of a 31-year-old woman at 28 weeks of pregnancy presenting with an incarcerated pedunculated fibroid in an umbilical hernia sac. She had a successful myomectomy and hernia repair and proceeded to have spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. Incarceration of a pedunculated fibroid presents a diagnostic puzzle which can be successfully treated by myomectomy.

Adult↗