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A E Metzler

Publications and source records attributed to A E Metzler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The detection of fake-bad and fake-good responding on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the 3 Modifying Indices of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) in the detection of fake-bad and fake-good responding. The sample consisted of 160 psychiatric outpatients. Paired t tests were performed to examine the effects of instructional set (faking vs. standard instructions). As hypothesized, instructional set produced significant differences on Scale X, Scale Y, and Scale Z in both fake-bad and fake-good analyses. Single-scale cutoff scores were as effective as multiple-scale cutoffs. The overall rates of successful classification indicated moderate effectiveness and utility of the MCMI-III Modifying Indices in the detection of dissimulated responding. When base rates were varied to more closely approximate a general clinical population, overall classification accuracy increased, but identification of faking (positive predictive power) gradually eroded with declining base-rate estimates. At lower base rates of faking, MCMI-III standard cutoff points yielded a high number of false positives.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular characterization of South American bovine herpesvirus-1 isolates with monoclonal antibodies and SDS-PAGE.

Antigenic patterns of BHV-1 isolates from Argentina, Chile and Brazil were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated with BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.3 strains. Among the Argentinian isolates, 7/8 neurological cases showed BHV-1.3 characteristics and 10/12 non-neurological cases from all countries exhibited BHV-1.1/2 pattern. All viral isolates from genital infections showed BHV-1.1/2 characteristics. Chilean isolates exhibited BHV-1.1/2 pattern and one among 3 Brazilian viruses was defined as belonging to BHV-1.3. Results of the characterization using MAbs, were confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of representative isolates. A total correlation was observed between the reactivity with MAbs and the SDS-polyacrylamide analysis. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that the type 1.3, most frequently obtained from the brain of neurological cases, is present in Argentina and Brazil and coexists with BHV-1.1/2.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interactions of bovine and caprine herpesviruses with the natural and the foreign hosts.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV1) are useful models to study virus-host interactions, as well as pathogenicity and latency, when comparing the outcome of infection in the natural and the foreign hosts. Molecular seroepidemiological analyses revealed that cross-reacting antibodies were mainly induced by glycoprotein gI (gB analogue), by the major capsid protein and by nonstructural proteins, whereas the most virus-specific antibodies were elicited by glycoproteins gIII and gIV. These glycoproteins, especially gIII (gC analogue), might therefore play an important role in the virus-host-interactions. As a basis for further studies, we re-evaluated observations concerning experimental infections with BHV1 and CapHV1 in the natural and the foreign hosts. All parameters indicated that both viruses were able to infect either host, but that the pathogenicity was restricted to the natural host. Latent virus could be reactivated exclusively from cows infected with BHV1. It was possible neither to reactivate BHV1 from goats, nor to reactivate CapHV1 from either species. The experiments indicated that the outcome of infection in the natural and the foreign host is dependent on host and viral factors, whereby gIII is only one important virus component involved. Further investigations in the host and host cell range of BHV1 and CapHV1 will help to clarify the role of factors responsible for virus-host-interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The malignant catarrhal fever complex.

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is defined as a clinicopathological syndrome caused by related herpesviruses and acquired from persistently infected wildebeest and sheep. There is convincing epidemiologic and virologic evidence that Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV1) causes the wildebeest-derived disease (WD-MCF). Present knowledge suggests that a herpesvirus related to AHV1 may be associated with some cases of the non-wildebeest-associated disease (NWA-MCF). However, this virus possibly represents a passenger virus not related with the ultimate cause of the disease. Moreover, evidence for the role played by sheep as the reservoir for the agent of NWA-MCF is not convincing and awaits confirmation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The etiology of "malignant catarrhal fever" originating in sheep: serological findings in cattle and sheep with ruminant gamma herpesviruses].

In the case of the wildebeest-derived form of malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF) alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlcHV1) is well established as the cause. However, the etiology of the form of the disease circumstantially associated with sheep (SA-MCF) remains equivocal. A serological relationship has been proposed to exist between the unidentified sheep-associated agent causing SA-MCF and AlcHV1 causing WD-MCF. We attempted to confirm this hypothesis. Using an indirect ELISA we found 94 of 100 cattle (94%) and 80 of 90 sheep (89%) to display antibody to AlcHV1. Nine of 10 cattle with SA-MCF showed elevated antibody titers to AlcHV1 when compared with most other animals. However, these findings were of limited diagnostic value, since similar results were also obtained with sera from healthy cattle. When assayed in the presence of antigens of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4), a virus related to AlcHV1 yet without confirmed pathogenicity, 99 cattle sera (99%) and 85 sheep sera (95%) were observed to react specifically with this virus. Together, the results indicated that most domestic cattle and sheep were infected with viruses that are related to AlcHV1 and BHV4. An etiologically meaningful interpretation of the serologic findings does not seem possible at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

In mid 1988 a 3-yr-old Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) from a circus in Switzerland died following generalized manifestation of a herpesvirus infection. In an effort to determine prevalence of infection with the herpesvirus, and due to lack of a corresponding virus isolate, it was decided to evaluate contact animals and elephants from a second herd for antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (BHV2). Of 15 sera tested four displayed low neutralizing antibody titers to BHV2. None of the sera neutralized BHV1. However, as evidenced by protein A-mediated immunoprecipitation of metabolically radio-labeled virus-infected and mock-infected cell antigens, followed by separation of precipitation products in SDS-polyacrylamide gels, the 15 sera precipitated multiple antigens from both viruses. Similar results were obtained when using BHV4 antigens. The extent of reaction was most distinct with respect to BHV2 antigens, less prominent with BHV1 antigens, and least with BHV4 antigens. The respective protein patterns, although less marked, matched well with those obtained with bovine reference sera. Additional evaluation of sera from six elephants from two zoos in the Federal Republic of Germany gave essentially identical results. It was concluded that at least one herpesvirus, immunologically related to BHV2, may be widely distributed among captive Asian elephants, and that this virus apparently does not cause overt disease in the majority of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The etiology and epidemiology of malignant catarrh--a review].

It is generally accepted that both, the wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF), and the circumstantially evidenced sheep-associated form of the disease (SA-MCF), may be explained as autoimmune disease of various ruminants, namely cattle and farmed deer. The disease follows infection with related herpesviruses being shed by the respective healthy carrier animals. This has convincingly be shown to apply for WD-MCF (Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, AlcHV1). SA-MCF, however, remains to be controversial with both respects. In Switzerland, a serological study indicated that a herpesvirus(es) was highly prevalent among cattle and sheep, inducing antibody that cross-react with AlcHV1 and bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4). The latter is known as a largely innocuous agent. A relationship can be demonstrated between the presence of MCF in this country and concurrent serological reactions to both viruses. However similar results may be obtained with healthy animals. Healthy cattle and sheep from farms with or without incidences of MCF displayed the same antibody profiles. It is thus not possible to effectuate meaningful diagnostic tests for (SA-)MCF, nor to confirm any relationship between presumed carrier sheep and the appearance of MCF.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antisera.

The bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) isolate LVR-140 growing in MDBK cell cultures was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), using bovine antisera and 15 monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The cytopathogenic effect was discernible between 20 and 30 hours post inoculation (p.i.) and developed slowly as has been reported for other BHV-4 strains. According to the protein specificity as revealed by radioimmunoprecipitation and the intracellular localisation of reacting antigens as detected by IF, the MAb could be assigned to one of three groups. The initial antigen expression was first detected at 8 hours p.i. and was limited to a proportion of the infected cells only, despite the high multiplicity of infection used; infectious cell-associated progeny virus was first recognized at 12 hours p.i.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 via an immunoperoxidase method, using monoclonal antibodies.

The sensitivity and specificity of the immunoperoxidase technique, using monoclonal antibodies, for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was assessed and compared with viral isolation methods. In this study, BHV-1 antigens were detected in impression smears of brain obtained from calves in which BHV-1 was isolated. False-positive results were not observed after double-blind examination. Preliminary identification of isolates as antigenic variants was possible by use of 3 monoclonal antibodies reactive with neurotropic and/or pneumotropic strains of BHV-1. Results were consistent with previous work in which characterization was performed by use of immunofluorescense and ELISA. The immunoperoxidase technique, using monoclonal antibodies, was determined to be specific and sensitive, compared with viral isolation, for the diagnosis of BHV-1 encephalitis. In addition, it has operative advantages in that the assay does not require tissue culture facilities, and results can be obtained within hours after specimens are obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to proteins of a neurotropic bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) strain and to proteins of representative BHV-1 strains.

15 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were induced with the neuropathogenic strain N 569 of bovine herpesvirus 1 type 3 (BHV-1.3). Nine of them could be shown by radioimmunoprecipitation assay to react with viral glycoproteins and two of these McAbs were able to neutralize strain N 569. The reactivity of these 15 monoclonals was compared with 11 monoclonal antibodies induced with a BHV-1.1 strain. The available monoclonal antibodies made it possible to characterize BHV-1.3 and to classify BHV-1 into three types, namely BHV-1.1, BHV-1.2 and BHV-1.3. This confirmed the results based upon restriction endonuclease analysis and viral protein patterns obtained earlier. The main antigenic differences of representative virus strains were found on two glycoproteins designated 3 and 12. Caprine herpesvirus 1, included in this study because of its serological relationship to BHV-1, differed fundamentally from BHV-1 on the grounds of McAb reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bovine herpesvirus 1: molecular and antigenic characteristics of variant viruses isolated from calves with neurological disease.

This report presents data showing that several virus isolates recovered in Argentina, mainly from calves with non-purulent meningo-encephalitis, represent a hitherto unrecognized antigenic variant of BHV-1. The following experimental approaches have been adopted to demonstrate both the unique features among and the relatedness with BHV-1 of these isolates: i) crossed serum neutralization test with rabbit immune sera, ii) analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radio-labeled virus induced polypeptides and glycoproteins, iii) discriminating reactivity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognize known virus types, and iv) restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Another strain of BHV-1, which exhibits a specific neuropathogenic potential [Hall et al., Austral. Vet. J. 42, 229-237 (1966)] shares all major features with the viral strains originating from Argentina. Our results imply that antigenic variants of BHV-1 exist and that they can be accurately and easily identified and differentiated by the available methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Genomic and antigenic comparison of an equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) isolate from the 1983 Lippizan abortion storm with EHV 1 reference strains.

An EHV 1 isolate from the Lippizan Stud at Piber, which caused the abortion and paresis outbreak in 1983, was investigated using 3 known subtype 1 and 2 subtype 2 strains for comparison. Broad-scale restriction enzyme analysis as well as cross-neutralization with hyperimmune sera produced in rabbits were performed, and SDS-PAGE of infected cell proteins was conducted on a limited scale. The Piber isolate was clearly classified as a subtype 1 strain of EHV 1, and showed closest resemblance in its restriction patterns with a British EHV 1 strain, which originated from an outbreak with paretic symptoms. A second Piber isolate from the same outbreak examined to limited extent only was practically indistinguishable from the first one, as could have been expected. A thoroughly controlled systematic vaccination program with existing commercial vaccines against EHV 1 should protect the endangered Lippizan horses population against the abortigenic and less certainly against the paretic syndromes caused by this virus. According to data presented, a protection against respiratory disease is less probable.

Animals↗