PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A E Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to A E Thompson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Duration of intubation in children with acute epiglottitis.

Nasotracheal intubation has been demonstrated to be effective in supporting the airways of children with acute epiglottitis. Length of intubation and criteria used for extubation are still controversial. A 6-year retrospective review at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh identified 100 cases of acute epiglottitis, which were initially managed with nasotracheal intubation. Extubation was based on direct laryngeal inspection performed in the operating room (1979-1981) and, more recently, in the intensive care unit (1982-1984). Length of intubation decreased from 63.8 hours in 1979 to 42.1 hours in 1984. The percent of children intubated longer than 48 hours decreased from 69% to 22% in the same time period. These data indicate that a shorter period of intubation is aided by daily laryngeal inspection in the ICU. We propose a staging system for acute epiglottitis to aid in the decision to safely extubate these children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and urinary fibrin degradation products for diagnosis of rejection after renal transplantation.

A comparison was made of two established tests to see which was the better indicator of rejection after renal transplantation. Daily urine samples were assayed for excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and fibrin degradation products (FDP). Twenty-five rejection episodes were studied in 19 patients. Both indicators tended to move in parallel. NAG was more often elevated in rejection, namely in 96% of rejection episodes as against 76% for FDP, FDP had the advantage of fewer false positive results and when it correctly indicated rejection its increase above the baseline was relatively greater than for NAG, NAG and FDP can both provide early warning of rejection. NAG is preferred for its ease of assay. Assays are performed daily and are of practical value in clinical management. The results of assays must be interpreted in conjunction with all relevant information.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Radical resection for cancer of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus with repair by stomach transposition.

The results of 58 consecutive cases of pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy and pharyngogastric anastomosis are presented. The Grey Turner technique is used, but modified by adding bilateral chest drainage established by guidance from below the diaphragm and a jejunostomy. The immediate postoperative therapy management of hypocalcaemia with calcium gluconate and long term control with calciferol is described. An overall 3-year survival rate of 29 per cent has been obtained. Seven patients survived longer than 7 years, the longest living over 10 years. The authors conclude that, with careful management this technique is within the compass of competent surgeons with good facilities and should be the surgical treatment of choice for these difficult tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nasal air flow during normal speech production.

Nasal air flow was measured during the speech of 112 normal subjects (59 females and 53 males) ranging in age from three years to 37 years, six months. Flow was zero during nearly all oral consonant and vowel utterances, suggesting that velopharyngeal closure was air-tight. Flow occurred during all nasal consonants and during vowels adjacent to nasal consonants. These effects were interpreted as showing that progressively older subjects and female subjects demonstrate earlier anticipatory coarticulation in preparation for forthcoming nasal consonants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase assay in renal transplant recipients.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were measured in 181 patients with renal allografts during a 15-month period. Activities were high immediately after transplantation but decreased rapidly in the absences of complication. Urinary NAG activities increased by 50% or more in relation to 33 of 36 (92%) episodes of acute rejection diagnosed and treated by clinicians during the first 90 days after transplantation. The increase preceded clinical diagnosis in 70% of the cases, the median interval being 1.5 days. NAG activities decreased after treatment of rejection in 90% of the cases. Chronic rejection, renal vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, oliguria, hypotension, and the administraion of gentamicin may also cause increased NAG activity. Urinary NAG assay is simple and inexpensive, and is a useful aid to the early diagnosis of rejection of renal transplants. Results must, however, be interpreted by the clinician, bearing in mind other causes for increased activity.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1976

A note on the practical aspects of the assay of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in human urine.

1. Some practical aspects of the assay of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity were studied in patients with renal disease. 2. Centrifugation and dialysis of urine were not necessary prior to assay. 3. When enzyme activity was related to urinary creatinine random urine samples could be used. 4. Since preservatives used to prevent bacterial growth may inhibit enzyme activities, samples should be assayed immediately after collection or stored at 4 degrees C or 20 degrees C. 5. Mild visible haemoglobinuria, eg. derived from lysed red blood cells did not interfere with the enzyme assay.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1976

Renal damage caused by gentamicin: a study of the effects on renal morphology and urinary enzyme excretion.

Gentamicin sulphate was administered to male Wistar rats by intramuscular injection at varying dosage and for varying periods. At high dosage (50-100 mg/kg/day) gentamicin causes tubular necrosis. At dosages equivalent to that given to man (5 mg/kg/day) obvious degenerative changes are produced. Similar changes are seen in human tubular epithelium and urine deposits of patients treated with gentamicin. There is increased excretion of urinary enzymes proportional to the degree of tubular damage. The importance of these changes in man is stressed.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Presence of serum and tissue forms of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in urine from patients with renal disease.

1. The A, B, I1 and I2 forms of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase present in urine, serum, kidney, liver and cerebral spinal fluid were separated on DEAE-cellulose and their presence confirmed by cellogel electrophoresis. The relative activities of each enzyme were determined by integrating the area under the elution peaks. 2. Serum A-form was eluted at a lower molarity of chloride than liver A-form and this was designated the As-form to distinguish it from the A-form of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase found in liver and kidney. 3. The P-form of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase present in the serum of a group of pregnant women was not detectable in urine samples from the same women. 4. Urinary NAG activities were found to be abnormally high in patients with impaired renal function. 5. The activity of both N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidases A and B increased in pathological urines. The higher the total N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity excreted the higher the % of activity of the B-form present. 6. In a number of patients with haematuria an A-form similar to the serum As-form was present in the urine.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Urinary N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in patients with renal disease.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were assayed in every urine void throughout 24 hours in 17 normal people and in four patients with renal disease. The variation in NAG activity due to changing rates of urine flow was almost eliminated by factoring enzyme activity by the urinary creatinine concentration. Random samples of urine may thus be used for assay. The results of NAG assay in 36 patients with acute and chronic renal diseases showed that NAG was a sensitive indicator of renal damage. This simple test may be valuable in detecting or monitoring renal disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Evidence of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in patients with renal allografts.

Renal damage was assessed by measuring urinary enzyme excretion in 180 patients with renal allografts. Thirty-six of these patients were studied during 53 courses of treatment with antimicrobial agents which was the only antimicrobial agent which was associated with an increase in urinary enzyme activity. There was usually also evidence of reduced renal function. Renal morphological changes similar to those produced by gentamicin in rats were observed in human allograft biopsy specimens obtained during gentamicin treatment.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Automated assay of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in normal and pathological human urine.

An automated method for the assay of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in human urine is described and a normal range of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity is reported. The automated method has been used routinely over a twelve month period in two London hospitals for monitoring the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in renal transplant patients. The abnormal elevation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase provides an early warning of rejection by indicating the presence of renal parenchymal damage. The automated assay of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase may also be used in screening for the presence of renal disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Urinary excretion of NAG and FDP in acute renal graft rejection.

Determination of the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and fibrin degradation products (FDP) made it possible to make a diagnosis of 25 out of 26 acute rejection episodes at least 24 hr before deterioration in renal function occurred. Of the two tests, the estimation of daily urinary NAG is the most practical for routine clinical use. This test alone permitted early diagnosis in 21 out of 26 episodes. In 9 out of 11 episodes in which both estimations showed an increase, the rise in FDP occurred before the rise in NAG. This is consistent with the view that in some forms of rejection, at least, intravascular fibrin deposition occurs first and causes ischaemic damage to renal tubular cells and consequent deterioration in function.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗