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Biomedical subjects

A Eddeland

Publications and source records attributed to A Eddeland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Epirubicin and medroxyprogesterone acetate versus estramustine phosphate in hormone-resistant prostatic cancer: a prospective randomized study.

The effect of a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) plus epirubicin combination versus estramustine phosphate was evaluated in 149 prospectively randomized patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. The estimated probability of being free from progression after 1 year was 17% for the patients treated with estramustine and 29% for the MPA-epirubicin group. There is a significant difference between the two groups regarding risk of progression (p = 0.013). However, no difference in survival was recorded (p > 0.30) with about 60% of the patients dead during the first year in both groups. Progression was highly correlated to sedimentation rate (p < 0.001) and to performance index (p = 0.002). Heart failure occurred in a substantial number of patients in both groups which must be considered before starting therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Factors influencing the time long-term indwelling Foley catheters can be kept in situ.

To study the factors that influence the frequency of unscheduled catheter changes, patients with long-term indwelling Foley catheters were followed up for 48 weeks. A marked interindividual difference in the need for unscheduled changes was noted. The amount and composition of the encrustations precipitated on the catheters and urine osmolality influenced the frequency of unscheduled catheter changes. There was no correlation between the time a catheter had been in situ and the amount of encrustations on catheters changed on schedule after various times in situ. This indicates that time does not govern the amount of encrustations accumulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum level of prostatic acid phosphatase after diagnostic rectal examination. Comparison between spectrophotometric and a radioimmunological assay.

The serum level of prostatic acid phosphatase was measured before and after diagnostic rectal palpation in 24 patients with a clinically normal prostate and in 32 patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate. There was a significant rise in the 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. All of the values had returned to the original level after 24 h. Similar results were obtained with either a spectrophotometric method or a radioimmunoassay.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

The composition of catheter encrustations, including the effects of allopurinol treatment.

The composition of encrustations precipitated on long-term indwelling urethral catheters was analysed using a newly developed wet chemical method that allows determination of small sample volumes. In contrast to earlier studies, the major portion of the encrusted material could be identified; ammonium magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphates (brushite and apatite) were the major components. The effect of allopurinol was also investigated and it was found to decrease significantly the amounts of urate and calcium phosphate but not to lower significantly the total amount of material precipitated on the catheters.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1983

Cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis treated by extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation with pyelocystostomy.

We report on a patient who had had recurrent renal stones on the right side for 37 years. At the sixth lithotomy the diagnosis of cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis was discussed. After another recurrence of stones and a pelvic lesion nephrectomy was considered. However, the kidney still had 60 per cent of total renal function and the other kidney also harbored stones. Therefore, extracorporeal exploration was performed. The stones and keratin masses were removed from the pelvis and frozen section showed no malignant changes. The kidney was reimplanted in the ipsilateral iliac fossa with end-to-side anastomosis to the external iliac vessels and a wide direct anastomosis between the pelvis and the bladder. At followup 2 months postoperatively the patient was well. Autotransplantation with pyelocystostomy facilitates free passage of recurrent stones and keratin fragments, and allows for future transurethral control of the renal pelvis. Thus, the procedure is well suited for the treatment of cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial colonization of the lower urinary tract in women with long-term indwelling urethral catheter.

The bacterial colonization of urethra and urine was studied over long periods in 16 hospitalized women with long-term indwelling bladder catheter. The cultured flora was polymicrobic and, except for Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli, rapidly changing. The colonization patterns showed marked inter-species variations. P. mirabilis was the species most commonly found, and in the urethra it was significantly more persistent than the other species. Unlike the other species, P. mirabilis was rarely found in urine without concomitant urethral growth. Prophylactic measures aimed to reduce the risk of permanent colonization by this pathogen, which is rendered particularly harmful by its urease production, should therefore be directed towards the urethra and the periurethral area.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the role of the plasma protease inhibitors on in vitro C3 activation and in acute pancreatitis.

Plasma samples from 32 patients with severe acute pancreatitis contained cleavage products of C3, and the C3 levels were significantly lower than those of control subjects. Peritoneal exudate from all patients showed complete degradation of C3 on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin showed no signs of complex formation in plasma. However, in the peritoneal exudate, 5%-25% of the alpha 1-antitrypsin and 45%-100% of the alpha 2-macroglobulin were in complex. Trypsin-alpha 1-antitrypsin complexes were demonstrated in all peritoneal exudates. All patients showed significantly decreased levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin in their plasma. Alpha 1-Antitrypsin levels varied greatly, but the mean value was not significantly increased compared with those of normal controls. Orosomucoid, another acute-phase reactant, was present in increased concentration in the plasma of all patients. The addition of increasing amounts of human trypsin to serum in vitro resulted in the appearance of cleavage products of C3 upon saturation of alpha 2-macroglobulin, when the alpha 1-antitrypsin was found to be only about 40% saturated. Taken together, these data are evidence of complement catabolism in acute pancreatitis and suggest that this process takes place mainly in the abdominal cavity as a result of a protease-antiprotease imbalance. Alpha 2-Macroglobulin, but not alpha 1-antitrypsin, can protect against C3 degradation caused by trypsin in vitro.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the interaction of Trasylol (aprotinin) with trypsin-pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) complexes and with alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin-PSTI-complexes.

An investigation was performed to study the interaction of Trasylol with both trypsin-pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M)-trypsin-PSTI complexes. Trasylol was readily able to displace immunogenic PSTI from a complex with trypsin in vitro. A similar scale of displacement of PSTI by Trasylol from alpha 2-M-trypsin-PSTI complexes could not be demonstrated. Using complexes manufactured in vitro with 125I-labelled PSTI, we found that only a small percentage of the PSTI label could be liberated, even when presented with amounts of Trasylol in a 10-molar excess to the PSTI.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1980

Elevated serum levels of pancreatic secretory proteins in cigarette smokers after secretin stimulation.

The secretory pancreatic proteins in serum were analyzed in a group of cigarette smokers and a control group of nonsmokers before and after intravenous secretin stimulation. None of these persons had any signs of pancreatic disease. In the control group, serum total amylase activity, pancreatic isoamylase, cationic trypsinogen, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor concentrations varied within the normal range before and after secretin injection. In contrast, the concentrations of these pancreatic proteins in all the cigarette smokers elevated from normal to abnormally high serum concentrations after secretin stimulation. The results indicate a probable toxic effect of cigarette smoking on the exocrine pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Bladder cancer associated with hypercalcaemia. A case report.

Hypercalcaemia associated with bladder cancer is rarely encountered. The case history of a male patient, 75 years old, with a large, deeply infiltrating squamous cell bladder carcinoma (T4a), hypercalcaemia (3.5 mmol/l), low parathormone level and no sign of skeletal metastases is presented. A review of earlier reported cases of bladder cancer associated with hypercalcaemia is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Partition of trypsin and Kazal inhibitor in reaction mixtures with human serum.

The partition of trypsin and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in reaction mixtures with human serum was studied by electroimmunoassay and also by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The same pattern of trypsin complexes with alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin was observed in the presence or absence of PSTI. When sufficient trypsin was added to saturate the alpha2-macroglobulin, more complex with alpha1-antitrypsin was formed. A small amount of PSTI-trypsin complex was formed only when large amounts of trypsin and PSTI were present. The majority of PSTI was found in the fractions containing alpha2-macroglobulin, indicating the formation of a PSTI-trypsin-alpha2-macroglobulin complex. The remaining PSTI was eluted as free inhibitor. Increasing the added PSTI increased the fraction eluted as free inhibitor. alpha1-Antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin appear to be much stronger than PSTI in their competition for trypsin in reaction mixtures of human serum, trypsin and PSTI.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Purification and immunochemical quantitation of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor.

Human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor has been purified from pancreatic juice obtained on connection with surgery in the pancreas. The purification was accomplished by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50 giving 49% yield. Five forms of the inhibitor were demonstrated by combined chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. On gel filtration the inhibitor was shown to have the same molecular weight as the Kunitz inhibitor, i.e. about 6500. Inhibitor purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Affi-Gel 10 was used for stimulating antiserum production in rabbits. The antiserum was used for immunochemical quantitation of the inhibitor by means of Mancini's single radial immunodiffusion method alone or in combination with a more sensitive double antibody technique followed by autoradiography. It was possible to measure concentrations of inhibitor as low as 1.5 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l using these methods.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in plasma and its complex with trypsin in vivo and in vitro.

Complexes between human or canine trypsin and the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) from the same species were studied in vitro and in vivo. The following results were obtained. (1) Human or dog PSTI-trypsin complex without serum did not show any signs of dissociation after 3 h incubation at room temperature. (2) Immediate separation of reaction mixtures of human or canine serum and the corresponding PSTI-trypsin complexes by gel filtration showed that 60--70% of the trypsin was found in complex with alpha2-macroglobulin and the remainder in equal amounts in complex with alpha1-antitrypsin and PSTI, respectively. (3) The results of in vivo studies in dog indicated a similar rapid dissociation of the complexes in the circulation. (4) The elimination for intravenously administered 125I-labelled PSTI was rapid to about 20% of the initial value with a half-life of about 8 min for the initial part of the curve. No organ accumulation of the labelled inhibitor was found. (5) Most of the radioactivity injected was recovered in the urine bound to degradation products but part of it was bound to biologically active inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The elimination in dogs of trypsin-alpha-macroglobulin complexes inactivated by the Kazal or the Kunitz inhibitor.

The elimination of trypsin-alpha-macroglobulin complexes and similar complexes with the trypsin inactivated by low-molecular weight inhibitor was studied in anesthetized dogs. The complex was inactivated either by the Kazal (pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI) or the Kunitz inhibitor (Trasylol BE). The inhibitors were labelled with 125I and in the case of the trypsin-alpha-macroglobulin complex the trypsin was labelled with 125I. All of the inactivated complexes exhibited a half-life of about 5 min in the dog. The elimination in plasma was exponential until 80 - 85% of the initial dose was cleared in 30 min and nearly negligible thereafter as seen by radioactivity measurements. Simultaneously increasing amounts of dialyzable radioactive substances with a lower molecular weight than the inhibitors were recovered in the urine. No significant differences in the elimination of trypsin-alpha-macroglobulin complexes were detected in plasma or in the urine before and after inactivation with the Kazal inhibitor (PSTI) or the Kunitz inhibitor (Trasylol BE).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A radioimmunoassay for measurement of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in different body fluids.

A radioimmunoassay for measurement of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in nanogram quantities has been developed. The sensitivity of the assay now permits examination of the inhibitor content of various body fluids, wherein other methods exhibit serious short-comings. In healthy blood donors the serum level was 8.1 microgram/l. In patients with acute pancreatitis levels as high as 320 microgram/l have been measured, and patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed an elevated inhibitor level in serum immediately after the examination without any clinical signs of disease, the highest registered value being 128 microgram/l. In peritoneal lavage fluid from patients with severe acute pancreatitis levels of 5-304 microgram/l have been measured. In urine the inhibitor level is about 14 microgram/l in healthy persons. The urine from one patient with proteinuria of glomerulo-tubular type contained 380 microgram/l.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Secretin/cholecystokinin-stimulated secretion of trypsinogen and trypsin inhibitor in pure human pancreatic juice collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization.

Pure pancreatic juice was collected by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla of Vater from 10 fasting patients without known pancreatic disease. Secretin was given intravenously as a bolus dose at the beginning of the examination and cholecystokinin was given in the same way 15 min later. The juice was siphoned for 25 min and collected in 1-min fractions. Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI, and trypsinogen were measured by an immunochemical method. Secretin produced an increase in hydrogencarbonate and a decrease in chloride secretion. Cholecystokinin caused a prompt increase in the concentration of both PSTI and trypsinogen. The ratio between these was constant, suggesting a strictly parallel secretion. The effect of cholecystokinin on secretion of total protein when given as bolus dose was of short duration, with a half-life of action of about 3.5 min.

Ampulla of Vater↗