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Biomedical subjects

A Einhorn

Publications and source records attributed to A Einhorn.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Shoulder impingement.

Understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of rotator cuff disorders is the key to understanding all other aspects of shoulder rehabilitation. Impingement rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the humeral head depressors, while ignoring the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles. Later treatment includes specific retraining of scapular balancing muscles. The final phase of treatment includes strengthening the prime humeral movers in positions that avoid further stress to the injured rotator cuff tendons and, last of all, specifically strengthening the supraspinatus muscle.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

Recovery in geriatric depression.

BACKGROUND: Clinical characteristics of depression, age at illness onset, medical burden, disability, cognitive impairment, lack of social support, and poor living conditions may influence the course of depression. This study investigates the timetable of recovery and the role of the above factors in predicting recovery in elderly patients with major depression. METHODS: Recovery was studied in 63 elderly (age >63 years) and 23 younger patients with depression who were followed up for an average of 18.2 months (SD, 13.1 months) under naturalistic treatment conditions. Diagnosis was assigned according to Research Diagnostic Criteria after administration of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The Longitudinal Follow-up Interval Examination was used to identify recovery. RESULTS: The recovery rate of depressed elderly patients was similar to that of younger depressed patients. In the elderly patients, age, antidepressant treatment, age at onset, and chronicity of episode were significantly associated with time to recovery since entry. Among these parameters, late age at onset was the strongest predictor of slow recovery. In younger patients, long time to recovery was predicted by weak social support, younger age, cognitive impairment, and low intensity of antidepressant treatment. In the elderly, the intensity of antidepressant treatment began to decline within 16 weeks from entry and approximately 10 weeks prior to recovery. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the view that geriatric depression has a worse outcome than depression in younger adults. However, depressed patients with onset of first episode in late life may be at higher risk for chronicity. Antidepressant treatment prescribed by clinicians may decline prior to recovery despite evidence that high treatment intensity is effective in preventing relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale: a new scale to assess eating disorder symptomatology.

Anorectic and bulimic patients (n = 100) were interviewed using the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC-EDS). All patients reported preoccupations and rituals related to their eating disorder ranging from mild to severe symptomatology, with mean scores in the moderate range. The preoccupations were more severe than the rituals; however, the rituals were still time-consuming, distressing, and interfered with functioning. Both preoccupations and rituals were largely ego syntonic. The YBC-EDS is an easy to administer interview which characterizes and quantifies preoccupations and rituals associated with eating disorders. It is useful both for research and clinical purposes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of perceived macronutrient and caloric content to affective cognitions about food in eating-disordered, restrained, and unrestrained subjects.

Cognitive sets concerning food were examined in eating-disorder patients and in restrained and unrestrained control subjects. Subjects rated 38 common foods for preference, presence or absence of guilt and danger, preferred monthly frequency, and caloric, fat, and carbohydrate content. Cognitive ratings were examined based upon the individual's perceived amounts of calories and macronutrients. Hedonic ratings of foods perceived as high in fat or calories were different in patients with current or past anorexia and did not change with treatment. The fat-calorie aversions seen in these patients, therefore, appear to be stable trait characteristics of the disorder. Guilt and danger were perceived as separate constructs by unrestrained and restrained control subjects but not by patients. Perceived high amounts of calories or fat triggered stronger feelings of guilt and danger for restrained control subjects and patients (especially bulimic patients) as compared with unrestrained control subjects. The patients' expressions of guilt and danger improved with treatment.

Affect↗
PubMed1989

Serious respiratory consequences of detergent ingestions in children.

After ingesting or inhaling laundry detergent powder, eight children required hospital admission. The predominant symptoms were stridor, drooling, and respiratory distress. All but one patient underwent endoscopy of the airways and the esophagus, five children were admitted to the intensive care unit, and four children required endotracheal intubation. Laundry detergent ingestions are generally considered to have minor consequences, and there exists a paucity of literature on the subject. Evidence of significant morbidity incurred because of ingestion or inhalation of sodium carbonate-containing laundry detergent powder is presented, together with a review of the existing literature.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1986

Acute pediatric digoxin ingestion. A ten-year experience.

A retrospective study conducted in three major pediatric teaching hospitals revealed only 41 cases of acute digoxin ingestion with well-documented serum concentrations. All patients who were symptomatic at presentation (27%) had digoxin concentrations greater than 2 ng/mL (2.6 nmol/L). Only one patient had a transient elevation of the serum potassium concentration. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities (bradycardia, 1 degree or 2 degrees atrioventricular block, and ST depression) were present in 11 patients. Seven of the 11 patients had ECG abnormalities delayed more than five hours after ingestion. None of these ECG abnormalities were life-threatening. Serum digoxin concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 11.6 ng/mL (0.3 to 14.9 nmol/L). Serum half-lives were rapid (approximately three hours) in an initial phase and longer (approximately 20 hours) in a second phase. Our findings were as follows: acute pediatric digoxin ingestions are not common and are usually not severe; signs and symptoms on presentation predict a digoxin concentration greater than 2 ng/mL (2.6 nmol/L); a correlation between serum potassium and digoxin concentrations was not observed; non-life-threatening bradycardia and conduction disturbances were noted; and a serum digoxin concentration greater than 2 ng/mL (2.6 nmol/L) in the absence of signs or symptoms or ECG abnormalities soon after ingestion does not accurately predict their occurrence later in the course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

PCP intoxication in seven young children.

Five infants and two young children were treated at a large children's hospital for phencyclidine intoxication. The clinical symptoms and signs were mostly neurologic, including diminished response to tactile and verbal stimuli (100%), ataxia (71%), nystagmus (57%), constricted pupils (57%), depressed sensorium, and stupor associated with a blank, expressionless stare (57%). Notably absent were the behavioral aberrations such as aggression, which are usually seen with PCP intoxication in older children and adults. The possibility of drug intoxication was denied by most of the parents or surrogate parents accompanying these small children and infants for treatment. It is suggested that a systematic investigation for possible PCP exposure, including a urine toxicology screen for PCP (preferably by immunoassay methods), be conducted whenever an infant or child is brought for emergency treatment of unresponsiveness, bizarre behavior, dyskinesis, dystonic posturing, atypical oculomotor and pupil findings, or evidence of hallucinations.

Consciousness Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Basilar skull fractures in children. The incidence of CNS infection and the use of antibiotics.

Forty-six cases of basilar skull fractures in children were reviewed to determine the incidence of CNS infection following injury and the possible value of antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. The clinical course of the children who were treated with antibiotics was compared with that of patients who received no antimicrobial therapy. Included in the study were patients with hemotympanum alone or with hemotympanum plus additional clinical or roentgenographic signs of basilar skull fracture; patients with tympanic membrane perforation without otorrhea but with blood in the auditory canal; and children with either otorrhea or rhinorrhea. Acute, delayed, or recurrent infection of the CNS did not develop in any of the patients. This study is the first of its kind presented in children. It would seem on the basis of the present series that the systematic use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with hemotympanum following basilar skull fractures is unwarranted and that children with other signs of basilar skull fractures may have an equally small risk of meningitis following injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in ectodermal dysplasia with aplastic anemia.

A case of ectodermal dysplasia and aplastic anemia is presented in which a cell-mediated immunodeficiency led to a fatal Pneumocystis carinii infection. Elevated levels of IgG, IgA and IgD were present with normal specific antibody titres. A deficient cell-mediated immunity was documented by low T cell numbers, poor in vitro mitogenic responses, negative skin tests and by the histologic finding at autopsy of thymic dysplasia.

Anemia, Aplastic↗