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Biomedical subjects

A Englund

Publications and source records attributed to A Englund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Nasal and sinonasal cancer. Connection with occupational exposures in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

A joint Danish-Finnish-Swedish case-referent investigation was initiated in 1977 in order to study the connection between nasal and sinonasal cancer and various occupational exposures. All new cases of nasal and sinonasal cancer were collected from the national cancer registers (Finland and Sweden) or from the hospitals (Denmark). Those still alive who agreed to an interview (N = 167) were individually matched for age and sex with patients with colonic or rectal cancer. A detailed telephone interview was made according to standardized forms. Both cases and referents thought that their condition was the one under study. The exposures were coded blindly by an industrial hygienist. The results showed associations between nasal and sinonasal cancer and exposure to (i) hardwood or mixed wood dust (discordant pairs 14: 2), (ii) softwood dust alone (13:4), (iii) chromium (16: 6), (iv) nickel (12: 5, not significant), (v) welding, flame-cutting and soldering (17: 6), and (vi) lacquers and paints (14: 0). The last finding was probably due to confounding from wood dust exposure. Hardwood dust exposure was associated with adenocarcinoma. Softwood dust exposure alone was associated with epidermoid and anaplastic carcinomas. No associations were found for a number of exposures, including agricultural chemicals, textile dust, asbestos, quartz dust, organic solvents and leather work. Possible exposure to formaldehyde was evenly distributed between the cases and referents.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Nasal cancer and occupational exposures. Preliminary report of a joint Nordic case-referent study.

Nasal and sinus paranasal cancers have been associated with several occupational exposures, for example, dust from hardwood, nickel and unspecific agents occurring in the boot and shoe industry. A joint Danish-Finnish-Swedish case-referent investigation was initiated in 1977 to study further the connection between nasal and sinus paranasal cancers and various occupational exposures. All new cases of these cancers were collected from the national cancer registers (Finland & Sweden) or from hospitals (Denmark). Those still alive who agreed to the interview (N = 167) were individually matched for age and sex with patients with colonic or rectal cancer. A detailed telephone interview was performed according to a standardized procedure. Both the cases and referents thought that their condition was the one under study. The exposures were coded blindly by an experienced industrial hygienist. The results showed associations between nasal or sinus paranasal cancer and exposure to hardwood or mixed wood dust (discordant pairs 14/2); softwood dust alone (13/4); chromium 16/6); nickel (12/5, not significant); welding, flamecutting, and soldering (17/16); and lacquers and paints (12/0). Hardwood dust exposure showed a connection with adenocarcinoma. Softwood dust exposure alone was associated with epidermoid and anaplastic carcinomas. No associations were found for a number of exposures, including agricultural chemicals, textile dust, asbestos, quartz dust, organic solvents, and leather work. Possible exposure to formaldehyde was evenly distributed between the cases and referents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Retrospective cohort study of two plants in the Swedish rubber industry.

A cohort of 13,114 workers employed during 1930-1975 in two Swedish plants producing tires and industrial rubber goods was investigated with regard to cancer mortality and cancer incidence. Separate analyses were performed on the following subgroups of the cohort: mixers/weighers, other production workers, and white-collar employees. For all causes of death no increase of risk was observed in the population as a whole. Mixers/weighers showed however an increased overall standardized mortality ratio. The pattern of causes of death was not changed in the total cohort. An increased risk to die from liver cancer (risk ratio 4.12) and pancreatic cancer (risk ratio 2.70) was, however, observed for the category other production workers. An increased risk of death from tumors of the respiratory organs was also observed for the categories other production workers (risk ratio 1.89) and white-collar employees (risk ratio 2.63). For tumors in the urinary bladder (risk ratio 2.50) and for ischemic heart diseases (risk ratio 1.27) the death risk was elevated for the category other production workers. The cancer morbidity pattern showed an increase in malignant melanomas (risk ratio 2.50) for the category other production workers and for lung cancer (risk ratio 2.09), as well as for tumors in the nervous system (risk ratio 3.18) for white-collar employees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Spin-off cost/benefits of expanded nutritional care.

Eight years ago, in caring for persons with diabetes at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, priority was given to the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, with only minimal attention to nutrition. In 1971, an "expanded nutritional care program" was instituted, with emphasis on nutritional education and follow-up. Use of oral agents was discontinued, and, since 1972, less insulin has been used. The new dietary program, with dietitians playing a key role, includes a one-week total fast, stringent low-calorie diets, individualized dietary planning and instruction, and careful follow-up monitoring. Comparative pre-1971 and current data show: a 50 per cent reduction in lower extremity amputations, less diabetic ketoacidosis, fewer hospitalizations, weight reduction of 40 per cent with no increase in plasma glucose (in a 127-patient cohort with complete follow-up), and a savings to the hospital of more than $96,000 in the cost of medications and $3,700,000 in hospitalizations in eight years.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Mortality and cancer morbidity in a group of Swedish VCM and PCV production workers.

The cohort of workers employed in a Swedish vinyl chloride/poly(vinyl chloride) plant since its start in the early 1940's has been followed for mortality and cancer morbidity patterns. Only 21 of the 771 persons could not be traced. Difficulties in establishing exposure levels at different work areas in the past makes an evaluation of dose-effect relationships impossible. A four- to fivefold excess of pancreas/liver tumors was found, including two cases later classified as angiosarcomas of the liver. The number of brain tumors and suicide do not deviate significantly from expected. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, on the other hand, differ significantly from the expected. The discrepancies between previous reports on VCM/PVC workers and this report are discussed. The possible etiology of the cardiovascular deaths is also discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1976

Recent achievements and research initiated in the Swedish plastics and rubber industry.

The improvement in exposure conditions in the Swedish vinyl chloride producing industry is reported. The article comments on the technology and control methods by which the vinyl chloride concentration has been lowered to less than 1 ppm vinyl chloride. Two epidemiological retrospective cohort studies are presently under way on workers in PVC-utilizing industries and in the rubber industry.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Why construction is different.

Construction differs markedly from many other types of manufacturing in that the nature of the work exacerbates the safety and health risks faced by workers. Even for workers who have health care coverage, the authors point out, the transient nature of the industry makes it difficult to trace an individual's exposure to health hazards.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morbidity and mortality patterns in Sweden.

This extensive review of morbidity and mortality patterns cites data from Bygghälsan, a Swedish program that has followed a quarter of a million construction workers for two decades. Comparisons are made among different types of workers, and standardized mortality ratios and standardized incidence ratios are presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health insurance and workers' compensation: the delivery of medical and rehabilitation services for construction workers.

The construction industry has one of the highest proportions of workers without health insurance. The authors review the two types of insurance systems that are generally used to cover the cost of health care for construction workers in the U.S.: health and welfare funds and workers' compensation. Recent developments in health care delivery in the U.S. are discussed, as are the more comprehensive occupational medicine services offered in France, Germany, The Netherlands, and Sweden.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perspectives on the future.

There is a growing trend toward new forms of labor-management cooperation, through negotiated agreements involving job-site safety and health, workers' compensation, and preventive medicine (see chapter 14). These developments are likely to change safety and health in the industry. At the same time, they provide opportunities for practitioners and researchers in occupational safety and health. If we can venture to express a professional wish, it would be to find answers to the following: How can we, as the professions concerned with the well being of workers, help preserve the characteristics of construction work that are positive while reducing the aspects of the industry's functioning that are so deleterious to health? How do we preserve the crafts with their fostering of self-esteem: through individual freedom on the job, team work, or empowerment? Meanwhile, how do we reduce the destructive patterns of work, not just on the work site, but also involving the pressures and lifestyle associated with intermittent and uncertain employment? The rewards for safety and health professionals in the construction industry are immediate and striking. Whether through the practice of safety and health or through research, results can be measured in short order. That is a professional benefit afforded by few other industries. To structure occupational safety and health programs for construction workers, the safety and health professions need to engage in the labor-management processes that are changing the industry. In construction, it is not enough to think about what needs to be done in individual workplaces. In construction, we must think industry-wide, because that is how workers are employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ergonomics↗