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Biomedical subjects

A Eskenasy

Publications and source records attributed to A Eskenasy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. vii. Kinetics of alkaline phosphatase active cells during the development of experimental lung granulomas.

The circulating cells arriving at the formation site of the experimentally induced lung granuloma were quantitatively and qualitatively determined during their development by estimation of alkaline phosphatase active free cells. These represent 32 per cent the 2nd day and 27 per cent the 4th, of all the lung granuloma cells, and rapidly decrease to 8 per cent the 8th day, to 4 per cent the 11th and to only 1.5 per cent the 15th day. The participation of alkaline phosphatase circulating cells appears to be important only the first days, the process becoming by proliferation and differentiation a histiocytic, epithelioidic, and lympho-plasmocytic structure under the influence of antigenic and non-antigenic components of the used immunologic adjuvant.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Kinetics of mucous cells in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia during aerogenic elicitation with aspergillary proteins. A quantitative cytologic study.

During a prolonged exposure of rabbits to aerosols with asperigillary antigens, the content of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia in mucus-secreting cells was quantified. In normals, the mucous cells do not exceed 3.2 per cent in bronchial epithelium and 0.44 per cent in bronchiolar one. After exposure, these proportions rapidly increase, after a primary discharge of goblet cells. The mucous cells become a majority after 7 exposures in bronchi and after 21 in bronchiolar epithelium. The maturation is more rapid in bronchioli than in bronchi. The secretion of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides is early, concomitant in the same bronchus, and predominantly located in the impingement zones, especially the bifurcations of bronchial tree. The mitoses are extremely rare in exposed bronchi, but the epithelial and mesenchymal alveolar cells present a high mitotic index (1.14%) 24 hours after the second exposure to antigens.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. IX. Development of reticulinic fibrillogenesis during the evolution of an associated experimental silicosis and tuberculosis.

Well developed silicotic nodules of rabbit lungs were infected with tuberculosis and treated with tuberculostatics. The spatial evolution of lesions, as well as the density of intralesional and perilesional reticulinic fibrils were quantitatively analysed, measured by planimetric and target methods, and statistically analysed. Under tuberculostatics, the size of lesions, expressed in the dynamics of the SL/ST % ratio, rapidly diminished to half after three months. In the some period, the density of reticulinic fibrils expressed by the PA of the target method, increased, with significant differences between treated silicotuberculotic lesions and tuberculotic ones. The correlation analysis between these two divergent changes showed the interfering with other factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Relationships between the lung mesenchymal cell populations: concurrent elicitation by air and blood ways of the lung reacting cell systems.

Some relationships between the lung reacting cell populations connected to the air and blood ways are investigated by elicitation with proteins in Freund's adjuvant and with SiO2. The agents were intratracheally and respectively intravenously injected into rabbits concomitantly or in different orders and times. The developmental analysis of the alveolar silicotic nodules and of the proteolipidic perivascular ones pointed out the involvement of both reacting cell systems in relation with the administration route, the involvement of local cells only, when the agent is less active and the arrival of blood mononuclears when the agent is more active. A concurrent taking part of the reacting cell systems in the process is demonstrated. The immune phenomena developed by both the used agents also elimine numerous cells from the formation process of nodules, and allow the production of hypersensitive reactions of the immediate and cellular type which influence the integrity and cellularity of formed nodules. The relationships between these two reacting cell systems of the lung appear to be not only quantitative but also qualitative.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental viral lung fibrosis. Quantitative study of the relationships between cell accumulations and fibrillogenesis.

The relationships between mesenchymal lung cell accumulations and reticulinic fibrillogenesis were analysed morphologically and quantitatively during the development of a viral infection in the rabbit lung, induced by intranasal administration of influenza A2 virus. Cells and fibrils accumulated in the alveolar walls and in the interlobular areas of the lung were counted during the evolution of the experiment and statistically analysed. A significant statistical correlation between lung cell accumulations and fibrillogenesis could be demonstrated during the development of viral lung fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. X. An anatomoclinical and pathogenetic study of 48 pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites.

Forty-eight cases of operated pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites were anatomoclinically and histogenetically studied. Two groups of cases can be established. The first one (21 cases), in which the histogenetic mechanism is related to previous bronchopulmonary infections, suppurations, and immune processes of the immediate type, is characterized by numerous granulocytic foci, granulomatous structure, Arthus type vasculites and fibrous evolution. The unefficient therapy could be one of the determining factors of this evolution, by maintenance of active germs and released antigens. The second group (27 cases) is characterized by hypertrophic bronchites reflecting the prolonged penetration of airborne antigens, by a step by step involvement of peribronchial and parenchymatous structures. A multiphasic development is comparatively demonstrated in the different cases, and dominated by various proportions of plasmocytes and fibroblasts interfering with a restorative granulomatous process involving the intra- and interlobular areas and evolving to a fibrogranulomatous state. Obstructive pneumonitic phenomena and reactive endoalveolitis obliterans interfere, too. Correlations between the dynamics of this picture and the experimental data assert an immune mechanism with repeated immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions and auto-aggressive phenomena, determined by released antigens and inductors of cell proliferation and differentiation, as the main processes conducing to the building up of the pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. XI. Histoenzymatic study of the experimentally developing lung granulomas.

The development of lung granulomas induced in rabbits by an intravenous injection of the complete Freund adjuvant containing dog pulmonary proteins was followed by histologic and histoenzymatic methods. By comparison with normal rabbit lungs. the developing structures of the induced lung granulomas showed an increase of all tested enzymes at 15 days, and a secondary intensity decrease of the activity of malic dehydrogenase, of acid and alkaline phosphatases, and of alanyl-aminopeptidase at 30 days. Only the hydroxyproline-epimerase showed at these intervals an increasing activity in the lung granulomas. The developed reticulinic fibrils appeared to have a highly intense alkaline phosphatase activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchial obstruction: A main morphopathogenic factor in pulmonary diseases. Comparison of anatomoclinical and experimental facts.

The histopathologic investigation of 300 resected lungs, especially with carcinomatous lesions, as well as of the experimental material provided by bronchial ligature and by intratracheal injections of viscous substances, permits the demonstration of the effects of acute and chronic bronchial obstruction and of their evolution. In acute obstructions, the process is dominated by circulatory changes and in the chronic ones by lesions of large alveolocytes, by changes in the lung lipidic metabolism induced by the hypoventilation, as well as by alveolar reactions with lipospongiocytary macrophages and giant cells. In both modalities, the bronchial obstructive process evolves to lung atelectasis with organization of affected areas, exclusion of lobuli and bronchiolar alveolization. The bronchial obstruction, an important morphological expression of the aerogenic component in lung pathogenesis, appears to be a main factor in the reshuffling of damaged lung areas by cellulo-fibrillar restructuration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental data asserting the immune morpho-pathogenic component of chronic inflammatory processes.

The action of several agents (Mycobacteria, Aspergillus, silicium dioxide, beryllium salts, phospholipids, incomplete and complete Freund adjuvant, a.o.) was analysed on the rabbit lung. The developmental analysis of experimental processes induced by intravenous or intratracheal injections showed that after a first inflammatory phase an immune one was formed, demonstrated by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells. In some cases, several waves of immune cells could be demonstrated in the evolution of the morphopathologic picture, even in the phases when the initial antigens were resorbed; these restructurations could be induced by endoantigens produced by tissular changes, by cell differentiations, by common or immune vascular lesions. The intrication of an immune sequence in the stereotyped development determined the prolongation of the process duration, the complications of relationships between sequences, the process maintenance. The experimental analysis was able to decode this complicated evolution.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The foetal development of the rabbit lung: a cytologic, cytochemical and histoenzymatic study.

The developmental peculiarities of the rabbit lung were analyzed in foetuses of 14 and 23 days, and in newborns having respired 30 min. and 48 hrs. Cytochemical, histoenzymatic and quantiative cytologic methods were used. The parallel evolution of epithelial and mesenchymal cells was quantified using conventional fields. The development of air spaces was morphometrically appreciated. Acid and neutral mucopolysaccarides, nucleic acids, and enzymic activities (AcPh-ase, AlkPh-ase, ATP-ase, AMP-ase, SDH, MDH, LDG, G1-6-ph-DH, proline-oxydase, hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, unspecific esterase, TwE-ase, beta-gal-ase and beta-gluc-ase, alanyl- and leucineaminopeptidase) were investigated. This complex analysis showed that in a first phase the development mainly involved the epithelial cells, while the proliferation of mesenchymal ones remained constant. In a second phase, the epithelial cell increase became slower, and the mesenchymal cells were decreasing. At the same time the air spaces were continuously increasing. During this process, neutral mucopolysaccharides were synthesized in epithelial cells and in cartilaginous nodules, and sometimes in mesenchymal cells. The RNA was continuously increasing both in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The high enzymic activities in the 14-day foetuses appeared to be limited to AcPh-ase, AlkPh-ase, and SDH in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, the LDH in epithelial and the ATP-ase and AMP-ase mainly in mesenchymal cells. At the same time, the G1-6-ph-DH obviously marked the epithelial cell differentiation. In the other foetal and newborn lungs, the enzymic activities appeared to be more various by limitation of AcPh-ase to epithelial elements and of AlkPh-ase to mesenchymal and vascular ones, by activation of proline-oxydase and especially of hydroxyproline-2-epimerase in pleura and peribronchovascularly, by intensification of the unspecific esterase: the other enzymes active in the 14-day foetuses were now weaker. The activity of beta-gal-ase, beta-gluc-ase, and of peptidases was missing during the entire development of the foetal rabbit lung. The corroboration of these data suggested the relation between the differentiation of enzymic activities and the development of foetal rabbit lung, the strong relations between AcPh-ase activity and the epithelial elements, and of AlkPh-ase and ATP-ase with the mesodermo-mesenchymal ones, the marking of epithelial cell differentiation by the G1-6-ph-DH activity, the presence of SDH in the basal corpuscles of differentiating cili, the increase of enzymes making inactive the hydroxyproline in zones in which connective tissue is developing, the low differentiation of hydrolases (related to the absence of air and blood transport of products) and the lack of peptidase activity corresponding to the reduced pulmonary degradation of proteins (as in adult lungs).

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of homologous pulmonary proteins on the lung tissue reactivity: an experimental analysis.

The influence of homologous pulmonary proteins on the lung tissue reactivity was experimentally and immunomorphologically analysed in rabbits: a. in the development of specific sensitized substrate; b. by the challenge of hypersensitivity reactions: and c. by the evaluation of the development of an experimental lung tuberculosis at the level of the sensitized lung. Morphometrical methods were used. The immunomorphological analysis pointed out the importance of the increase of pyroninophilic and plasma cells and of eosinocytes in the lung tissue sensitized to homologous proteins included in the complete Freund adjuvant, the specificity and peculiarities (frequency of plasmocytosis and necrosis) of hypersensitivity reactions intratracheally and intravenously challenged with the homologous pulmonary proteins at the level of the sensitized lung, as well as the severe evolution of the experimental lung tuberculosis by comparison with that developing in a lung substrate sensitized without homologous pulmonary proteins or unsensitized. These results provided data for the influence exerted on the lung substrate by the pulmonary proteins which are released during the evolution of lugn processes and could act as autoantigens in the framework of an autoaggressive pathogenic component of chronic diseases.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proline-oxidase and hydroxypyroline-2-epimerase activities in experimental fibrosing granulomatous processes of the lung.

Three experimental fibrosing granulomatous processes of the lung (pulmonary granulomas induced by complete Freund adjuvant, viral pneumonitis induced by the A2 influenza virus, and tuberculosis induced in animals exposed to tobacco smoke) were produced in rabbits and the results confronted in view of establishing some relationships between mesenchymal cell accumulations, reticulin fibrillogenesis, and the enzymic activities of proline-oxidase (PO) and of hydroxyproline-2-epimerase (HEP), enzymes intervening in the control of hydroxyproline incorporation in the procollagen molecule. Histopathologic, histochemical and histoenzymic methods, quantification of cells and fibrils, statistical analyses, including the regression lines method, were used. The confrontation of the three processes made obvious that the cell accumulation invariably preceded the fibrillogenetic process, that the immune nature of the process was accompanied by larger cell accumulations than the non-immune one, that between cell accumulations and fibrillogenesis there existed highly significant correlations, and that the increase of the enzymic activities of proline-oxidase and of hydroxyproline-2-epimerase always accompanied these tissular changes, being topographically coincident with them (interlobular areas, alveolar walls).

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histoenzymology of the lung. I. Enzyme activities of the lung tissue of acult humans; relationships between structure and functions.

Human adult lung fragments removed from macroscopically undamaged and anthracosis exempted zones of lungs of 20 pneumonectomies made for cancer, were tested for 25 enzymic activities. The location and intensities of these enzymic activities were different in the lung tissue components; The bronchial epithelia contained highly active LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, active hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, alkaline phosphatase. Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, and beta-galactosidase. Bronchial and vascular muscles presented intense activities of LDH, MDH and SDH of alkalinephosphatase, AMP-ase and Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, as well as of beta-galactosidase. The alveolar walls presented high activities of SDH, MDH and LDH, of alkaline and acid phosphatases, of beta-galactosidase and of Tween-40 and 60-esterases, of HEP, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase. The free alveolar macrophages were active for LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, G1-6-ph-DH, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATP-ase, Tween-esterases, naphthol-ASD-acetate esterase, and beta-galactosidase. The endothelia contained high activities of alkaline phosphatase, of AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATPase, of LDH, MDH and SDH, and of beta-galactosidase. In bronchial lymphoid nodules it was the LDH, MDH, SDH, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, alkaline phosphatase and AMP-ase, Tween-60-esterase and beta-galactosidase that were active. The interlobular areas of the lung presented intense activities of SDH, MDH, LDH, HEP and cytochrome-oxidase. The activities of the other tested enzymes were weaker or absent in the adult human lung components, the same as those of aminopeptidases which were present only in some free alveolar macrophages. The discussion of some relationships between these enzymic actitivies and the morphology of the human adult lung tissue asserted that the latter could not be considered as a "normal" tissue but as one overstrained by the components of blood and polluted air.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histoenzymology of the lung. II. The behaviour of lung hydrolytic enzymes during some experimental pulmonary processes.

The enzymic activity of acid alkaline phosphatases, of alanyl- and leucine-aminopeptidases, of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase, and of Tween-60-esterase was tested in the rabbit lung tissue during the following experimental processes: a) the sensitization with Freund adjuvant containing PPD and challenge of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to PPD), b) the sensitization with gamma-globulin in Freund adjuvant, c) the pulmonary Arthus reaction, d) the lung granulomas induced by intravenous administration of Freund adjuvant containing heterologous lung proteins, e) the tuberculosis and silicotuberculosis under the influence of tuberculostatics. A metabolic intensification expressed by a marked increase of the tested hydrolytic enzymes was observed comparatively with controls in all these immune, granulomatous and inflammatory processes experimentally induced in the lung. The morphologic substrate of this behaviour was represented by the numerous cell proliferation and differentiations of the reticulomacrophagic type occurring during these experimental processes under the stimulation of antigenic elicitors. The latter also induced an increase of the lysosome-formation as submicroscopic site of these hydrolytic enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The systemic conception and its methods in pathology. Theses for a theoretical attempt.

A theoretical attempt concerning the use of the systemic conception and of its methods in pathology and in morphological research is presented in several theses. These bear on the systemic conception, the open informational biological systems, the structural analysis useful in biology and medicine, the possible development in the normal and pathological morphology. Some other theses are referred to: the pathological process as a whole and its features as a system formed by lesions and sequences, the internal and external relationships of pathological processes, the effects of different structural-organizational levels involved, the ensemble of determining factors, the stereotypes of pathological processes and the possibilities to influence them by the organismic mechanisms and by extrinsic interventions, including therapeutic ones. The relatively independent evolution of constituted pathological processes and its relationships with the integrating suprasystem (the organism) are also discussed.

Diagnosis↗